The Protective Effect of Voluntary Exercise on the Hippocampal Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor Level against Intraventricular Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in Rats

Abstract: Background & Aims: The purpose of this research was to study the protective effect of pretreatment with a voluntary exercise on hippocampal level of cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) after damage induced by intraventricular injection of 6–hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of healthy control, healthy exercise, Parkinson control, and Parkinson training group (6 rats in each group). The rats in the training group were kept in special cages with running wheels for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, 6-OHDA was injected into the right ventricle of the brain and five days after intraventricular injection, sampling was performed and CDNF level of the hippocampus was measured by ELISA method. Data were analyzed and compared statistically by ANOVA test. Results: Findings showed that 6-OHDA has decreased CDNF protein content in the hippocampus of Parkinsonian rats compared with healthy controls (P = 0.011). CDNF level of the Parkinson training group was higher than the Parkinson control group (P = 0.050). Conclusion: The findings of the present study show that pretreatment with voluntary exercise can increase CDNF level in the hippocampus, and thus, increase neuronal resistance against oxidative destruction caused by 6-OHDA toxicity. Therefore, it can be said that it has protective effects against Parkinson disease. Keywords: Voluntary exercise, 6-hydroxydopamine, Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), Hippocampus, Ra

The effect of voluntary exercise on MANF level in the brainstem of Parkinsonian rats induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine

Background and Aim: Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is one of neurotrophines’ family which improves the dopaminergic cells survival and activity. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the protective effects of 12 weeks of voluntary exercise on MANF level in the brainstem of parkinsonian rats against the destruction of substansia nigra’s dopaminergic cells using 6-hydroxydopamine. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, twenty-five male rats were divided into three groups: Base (healthy control, n=9), control-Parkinson (n=9), and voluntary exercise-parkinsonian (n=7). The voluntary exercise control group/ healthy group (n=9) were housed in individual cages geared with running wheels and had activity for 12 weeks. To induce parkinson in the second group (n=9), 250 microgram in 5 microliter 6-OHDA (dissolved in saline) was administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) using a stereotaxic apparatus.The third healthy exercise group only had voluntary exercise for the same period. Finally, MANF levels in the brainstems were measured by means of ELISA. The obtained data was analyzed using one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc. Results: Mean running distance of the subjects was 5384±764/16 meter per day. In this study MANF levels between exercise group and Parkinson control had significant differences (P=.001). In other words, decrease in MANF levels was prevented in the exercise group (P=.001). MANF levels in the exercise group remained almost at the same level as the Base group (healthy control), P=0.615) Conclusion: voluntary exercises cause the amplification of MANF against oxidative damage induced by 6-OHDA toxicity and have a protective role against parkinson

The Effect of 4 Weeks of Flaxseed Extract Supplementation on Serum Concentration of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and C-Reactive Protein

Background and Objective: Omega-3 Supplementation has different effects on the body. Terefore, this study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of 4 weeks of flaxseed extract supplementation on serum concentrations of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods: In this double-blind study, 24 male students (mean age, 23.21&plusmn;1.98) were randomly divided into two groups, including flaxseed extract (n=12) and placebo (n=12). After 4 weeks of supplementation with flaxseed extract, serum levels of BDNF and CRP was measured in fasting state. BDNF level was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and CRP level was measured using an immunoturbidimetric assay kit. Data were analyzed using t-test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: After four weeks of supplementation with flaxseed extract the mean serum level of BDNF significantly increased (p<0.001), but no significant change was observed in the serum level of CRP (p<0.591). Conclusion: It seems that supplementation with flaxseed extract through increasing BDNF level is useful for the improvement of cognitive and functional benefits of the brain