Efficacy of nucleoside analogues on hepatitis B virus-related liver failure: A network meta-analysis

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of nucleoside analogues (NAs) in the treatment of HBV-related liver failure. The data of patients with HBV-related liver failure treated with nucleoside analogues were used to conduct a network meta-analysis. A total of 1660 patients from 12 articles about the efficacy of lamivudine, entecavir, telbivudine and tenofovir for HBV-related liver failure treatment were recruited in the study. The highest two- and three-month survival rate was recorded for patients using tenofovir. The end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and mortality in patients undergoing tenofovir treatment were the lowest. Patients treated with telbivudine had the highest one-month survival rate. Patients receiving enticavir therapy showed the lowest HBV DNA level. Our results indicate that tenofovir may be the best therapy for the treatment of HBV-related liver failure compared to other nucleoside analogues (including lamivudine, entecavir and telbivudine) and non-NAs treatment

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene manipulation to create single-amino-acid-substituted and floxed mice with a cloning-free method.

Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology is a powerful tool to manipulate the genome with extraordinary simplicity and speed. To generate genetically modified animals, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is typically accomplished by microinjection of a mixture of Cas9 DNA/mRNA and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) into zygotes. However, sgRNAs used for this approach require manipulation via molecular cloning as well as in vitro transcription. Beyond these complexities, most mutants obtained with this traditional approach are genetically mosaic, yielding several types of cells with different genetic mutations. Recently, a growing body of studies has utilized commercially available Cas9 protein together with sgRNA and a targeting construct to introduce desired mutations. Here, we report a cloning-free method to target the mouse genome by pronuclear injection of a commercial Cas9 protein:crRNA:tracrRNA:single-strand oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) complex into mouse zygotes. As illustration of this method, we report the successful generation of global gene-knockout, single-amino-acid-substituted, as well as floxed mice that can be used for conditional gene-targeting. These models were produced with high efficiency to generate non-mosaic mutant mice with a high germline transmission rate

Medical Image Contrast Enhancement via Wavelet Homomorphic Filtering Transform

A novel enhancement algorithm for magnetic resonance (MR) images based on spatial homomorphic filtering transform is proposed in this paper. By this method, the source image is decomposed into different sub-images by dyadic wavelet transform. Homomorphic filtering functions are applied in performing filtering of corresponding sub-band images to attenuate the low frequencies as well as amplify the high frequencies, and a linear adjustment is carried out on the low frequency of the highest level. Later, inverse dyadic wavelet transform is applied to reconstruct the object image. Experiment results on MR images illustrate that the proposed method can eliminate non-uniformity luminance distribution effectively, some subtle tissues can be improved effectually, and some weak sections have not been smoothed by the novel method.

Four-leg converters with improved common current sharing and selective voltage-quality enhancement for islanded microgrids

Four-leg dc-ac power converters are widely used for the power grids to manage grid voltage unbalance caused by the interconnection of single-phase or three-phase unbalanced loads. These converters can further be connected in parallel to increase the overall power rating. The control of these converters poses a particular challenge if they are placed far apart with no links between them (e.g., in islanded microgrids). This challenge is studied in this paper with each four-leg converter designed to have improved common current sharing and selective voltage-quality enhancement. The common current sharing, including zero sequence component, is necessary since loads are spread over the microgrid and they are hence the common responsibility of all converters. The voltage-quality enhancement consideration should however be more selective since different loads have different sensitivity levels towards voltage disturbances. Converters connected to the more sensitive load buses should therefore be selectively triggered for compensation when voltage unbalances at their protected buses exceed the predefined thresholds. The proposed scheme is therefore different from conventional centralized schemes protecting only a common bus. Simulation and experimental results obtained have verified the effectiveness of the proposed scheme when applied to a four-wire islanded microgrid

Learning Multimodal Deep Representations for Crowd Anomaly Event Detection

Anomaly event detection in crowd scenes is extremely important; however, the majority of existing studies merely use hand-crafted features to detect anomalies. In this study, a novel unsupervised deep learning framework is proposed to detect anomaly events in crowded scenes. Specifically, low-level visual features, energy features, and motion map features are simultaneously extracted based on spatiotemporal energy measurements. Three convolutional restricted Boltzmann machines are trained to model the mid-level feature representation of normal patterns. Then a multimodal fusion scheme is utilized to learn the deep representation of crowd patterns. Based on the learned deep representation, a one-class support vector machine model is used to detect anomaly events. The proposed method is evaluated using two available public datasets and compared with state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results show its competitive performance for anomaly event detection in video surveillance

Z3-connectivity of 4-edge-connected 2-triangular graphs

AbstractA graph G is k-triangular if each edge of G is in at least k triangles. It is conjectured that every 4-edge-connected 1-triangular graph admits a nowhere-zero Z3-flow. However, it has been proved that not all such graphs are Z3-connected. In this paper, we show that every 4-edge-connected 2-triangular graph is Z3-connected. The result is best possible. This result provides evidence to support the Z3-connectivity conjecture by Jaeger et al that every 5-edge-connected graph is Z3-connected

Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis

Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is a slowly progressive autoimmune disease of the liver which mainly affects women aged between 35 and 45 years.Prolonged liver inflammation can cause scarring, leading to cirrhosis. Although 50 to 60 percent of patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis, they will develop symptoms later. PBC can be associated with arthralgia and other non-hepatic autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren’s syndrome, sicca syndrome, thyroiditis and scleroderma. PBC and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been suggested to coexist in 1.8 to 5.6% of patients with PBC, but data supporting this association are scarce. We report two cases of such an association and discuss how to improve threapy

Controlled release of chitosan/heparin nanoparticle-delivered VEGF enhances regeneration of decellularized tissue-engineered scaffolds

Regeneration deficiency is one of the main obstacles limiting the effectiveness of tissue-engineered scaffolds. To develop scaffolds that are capable of accelerating regeneration, we created a heparin/chitosan nanoparticle-immobilized decellularized bovine jugular vein scaffold to increase the loading capacity and allow for controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The vascularization of the scaffold was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The functional nanoparticles were prepared by physical self-assembly with a diameter of 67–132 nm, positive charge, and a zeta potential of ∼30 mV and then the nanoparticles were successfully immobilized to the nanofibers of scaffolds by ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/hydroxysulfosuccinimide modification. The scaffolds immobilized with heparin/chitosan nanoparticles exhibited highly effective localization and sustained release of VEGF for several weeks in vitro. This modified scaffold significantly stimulated endothelial cells’ proliferation in vitro. Importantly, utilization of heparin/chitosan nanoparticles to localize VEGF significantly increased fibroblast infiltration, extracellular matrix production, and accelerated vascularization in mouse subcutaneous implantation model in vivo. This study provided a novel and promising system for accelerated regeneration of tissue-engineering scaffolds

Experimental Study of the Effects of Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transfected with Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Gene

Objective. To construct the eukaryotic expression vector hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-pcDNA3.1 and to investigate its transfective efficiency into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and the expression of HIF-1α gene in MSCs. Methods. mRNA of Wistar Rats' myocardial cells was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized with Reverse Transcription Kit, HIF-1α was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and constructed into pcDNA3.1. Transfected HIF-1α-pcDNA3.1 into MSCs by liposome mediated method. The expression of HIF-1α in the cells was detected by Western Blot Analysis and ELISA. Results. Eukaryotic expression vector HIF-1α-pcDNA3.1 was constructed successfully. Analyzed by flow cytometer, The MSCs' surfaces mark were CD44+, SH3(CD73)+, CD34−, CD45− and the CD44+ cells and SH3(CD73)+ cells were 94.7% and 97.3%, respectively, showing the high purity of the cultured MSCs. After inducing, the cultured MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes successfully. In HIF-1α gene transfected MSCs, the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and HIF-1α protein were both increased obviously. Conclusion. HIF-1α was cloned successfully. HIF-1α-pcDNA3.1 can be transfected into MSCs by liposome-mediated method effectively and which resulting stable expression of HIF-1α in transfected MSCs