2-(4-Eth­oxy­carbon­yl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetic acid mono­hydrate

The title compound, C8H11N3O4·H2O, was synthesized by reaction of 2-azido­acetic acid and ethyl acetyl­acetate. In the crystal packing, mol­ecules are linked by strong inter­molecular O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into double layers parallel to the ab plane

1-Benzyl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carb­oxy­lic acid

In the title mol­ecule, C11H11N3O2, the dihedral angle between the benzene and triazole rings is 76.47 (10)°. The crystal structure exhibits inter­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which lead to the formation of helical chains along [001]

Finding the reconstructions of semiconductor surfaces via a genetic algorithm

In this article we show that the reconstructions of semiconductor surfaces can be determined using a genetic procedure. Coupled with highly optimized interatomic potentials, the present approach represents an efficient tool for finding and sorting good structural candidates for further electronic structure calculations and comparison with scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) images. We illustrate the method for the case of Si(105), and build a database of structures that includes the previously found low-energy models, as well as a number of novel configurations.Comment: 4 figures, 1 tabl

RSG: Fast Learning Adaptive Skills for Quadruped Robots by Skill Graph

Developing robotic intelligent systems that can adapt quickly to unseen wild situations is one of the critical challenges in pursuing autonomous robotics. Although some impressive progress has been made in walking stability and skill learning in the field of legged robots, their ability to fast adaptation is still inferior to that of animals in nature. Animals are born with massive skills needed to survive, and can quickly acquire new ones, by composing fundamental skills with limited experience. Inspired by this, we propose a novel framework, named Robot Skill Graph (RSG) for organizing massive fundamental skills of robots and dexterously reusing them for fast adaptation. Bearing a structure similar to the Knowledge Graph (KG), RSG is composed of massive dynamic behavioral skills instead of static knowledge in KG and enables discovering implicit relations that exist in be-tween of learning context and acquired skills of robots, serving as a starting point for understanding subtle patterns existing in robots' skill learning. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that RSG can provide rational skill inference upon new tasks and environments and enable quadruped robots to adapt to new scenarios and learn new skills rapidly

Room-temperature multiferroic hexagonal LuFeO3_3 films

The crystal and magnetic structures of single-crystalline hexagonal LuFeO$_3$ films have been studied using x-ray, electron and neutron diffraction methods. The polar structure of these films are found to persist up to 1050 K; and the switchability of the polar behavior is observed at room temperature, indicating ferroelectricity. An antiferromagnetic order was shown to occur below 440 K, followed by a spin reorientation resulting in a weak ferromagnetic order below 130 K. This observation of coexisting multiple ferroic orders demonstrates that hexagonal LuFeO$_3$ films are room-temperature multiferroics

The development of the quaternion wavelet transform

The purpose of this article is to review what has been written on what other authors have called quaternion wavelet transforms (QWTs): there is no consensus about what these should look like and what their properties should be. We briefly explain what real continuous and discrete wavelet transforms and multiresolution analysis are and why complex wavelet transforms were introduced; we then go on to detail published approaches to QWTs and to analyse them. We conclude with our own analysis of what it is that should define a QWT as being truly quaternionic and why all but a few of the “QWTs” we have described do not fit our definition

Experiments on bright field and dark field high energy electron imaging with thick target material

Using a high energy electron beam for the imaging of high density matter with both high spatial-temporal and areal density resolution under extreme states of temperature and pressure is one of the critical challenges in high energy density physics . When a charged particle beam passes through an opaque target, the beam will be scattered with a distribution that depends on the thickness of the material. By collecting the scattered beam either near or off axis, so-called bright field or dark field images can be obtained. Here we report on an electron radiography experiment using 45 MeV electrons from an S-band photo-injector, where scattered electrons, after interacting with a sample, are collected and imaged by a quadrupole imaging system. We achieved a few micrometers (about 4 micrometers) spatial resolution and about 10 micrometers thickness resolution for a silicon target of 300-600 micron thickness. With addition of dark field images that are captured by selecting electrons with large scattering angle, we show that more useful information in determining external details such as outlines, boundaries and defects can be obtained.Comment: 7pages, 7 figure

Role of conventional and molecular techniques in soybean yield and quality improvement: A critical review

The soybean is one of the most significant legume crops around the globe and serves as a source of dietary components for humans and animals. It has a higher percentage of protein compared to any other crop. Soybean yield and quality have been affected by many environmental factors. The genetic mechanism of yield and quality is still not clearly understood. Hence there is still a need to investigate the major potent factors to shed light on the mechanism behind yield and quality traits in soybean. Recently, a lot of significant work, including novel QTL, genes, and CRISPR-based genome editing in soybeans, has been done, which opened new doors of hope. The current review has presented detailed work done previously. We have also discussed the role of different breeding techniques in the conventional way of soybean improvement. The genetic factors regulating yield, quality, and disease resistance could be further cloned and transferred into elite cultivars to attain higher output in the current situation of changing environment. The integrated use of several techniques, like CRISPR/Cas9, next-generation sequencing, omics approaches, would be a fruitful way to improve soybean yield and quality. Besides this, hybridization, mass selection, pure line selection, backcross breeding, and pedigree selection should be adopted to develop novel soybean cultivars. This review concluded that soybean yield and quality improvement could be enhanced by exploring its genetic mechanism using several molecular and conventional methods

Detecting the QTL-Allele System of Seed Oil Traits Using Multi-Locus Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Population Characterization and Optimal Cross Prediction in Soybean

Soybean is one of the world's major vegetative oil sources, while oleic acid and linolenic acid content are the major quality traits of soybean oil. The restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association analysis (RTM-GWAS), characterized with error and false-positive control, has provided a potential approach for a relatively thorough detection of whole-genome QTL-alleles. The Chinese soybean landrace population (CSLRP) composed of 366 accessions was tested under four environments to identify the QTL-allele constitution of seed oil, oleic acid and linolenic acid content (SOC, OAC, and LAC). Using RTM-GWAS with 29,119 SNPLDBs (SNP linkage disequilibrium blocks) as genomic markers, 50, 98, and 50 QTLs with 136, 283, and 154 alleles (2–9 per locus) were detected, with their contribution 82.52, 90.31, and 83.86% to phenotypic variance, corresponding to their heritability 91.29, 90.97, and 90.24% for SOC, OAC, and LAC, respectively. The RTM-GWAS was shown to be more powerful and efficient than previous single-locus model GWAS procedures. For each trait, the detected QTL-alleles were organized into a QTL-allele matrix as the population genetic constitution. From which the genetic differentiation among 6 eco-populations was characterized as significant allele frequency differentiation on 28, 56, and 30 loci for the three traits, respectively. The QTL-allele matrices were also used for genomic selection for optimal crosses, which predicted transgressive potential up to 24.76, 40.30, and 2.37% for the respective traits, respectively. From the detected major QTLs, 38, 27, and 25 candidate genes were annotated for the respective traits, and two common QTL covering eight genes were identified for further study