Prevention and Control Strategies and Mechanism Analysis for Risk Derivative of Coal Energy Supply Chain

AbstractThis paper analyzes the risk derived source of the coordinated development between the coal production, coal transportation, power generation, coal-powered energy to the electricity supply chain; coal production, coal transportation, power generation, electricity supply to the investment risk between incremental development, incremental development cost risk, price risk mechanism of delivery of development; the risk prevention and control of coal production, coal transportation, power generation, power supply to the electricity supply chain

Microbiome Structure and Mucosal Morphology of Jejunum Appendix and Colon of Rats in Health and Dysbiosis

Gut microbiota contributes to human health. Plenty of studies demonstrate that antibiotics can disrupt gut ecosystem leading to dysbiosis. Little is known about the microbial variation of appendix and its up/downstream intestine after antibiotic treatment. This study aimed to investigate the microbiome and mucosal morphology of jejunum, appendix, and colon of rats in health and dysbiosis. A rodent model of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis was employed. Microscopy was used to observe mucosal morphological changes. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for identifying bacterial taxa and microbiome structure. The appendices of dysbiosis were found enlarged and infated with loose contents. Microscopy revealed the impairment of intestinal epithelial cells. High-throughput sequencing showed the Operational Taxonomic Units changed from 361±33, 634±18, 639±19 in the normal jejunum, appendix, colon to 748±98, 230±11, 253±16 in the disordered segments, respectively. In dysbiosis, Bacteroidetes translocated inversely from the colon and appendix (0.26%, 0.23%) to the jejunum (13.87%±0.11%); the relative abundance of all intestinal Enterococcaceae increased, while Lactobacillaceae decreased. Several bacterial clusters were found correlated to the normal appendix, whereas nonspecifc clusters correlated to the disordered appendix. In conclusion, species richness and evenness reduced in the disordered appendix and colon; similar microbiome patterns were shared between the appendix and colon regardless of dysbiosis; site-specifc bacteria were missing in the disordered appendix. Appendix is likely a transit region involving in upper and lower intestinal microfora modulation. The limitation of this study is all the data were derived from rats. We must be cautious about translating the microbiome results from rats to humans

Laser-Activatable CuS Nanodots to Treat Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Release Copper Ion to Accelerate Healing of Infected Chronic Nonhealing Wounds

Chronic nonhealing wounds have imposed serious challenges in the clinical practice, especially for the patients infected with multidrug-resistant microbes. Herein, we developed an ultrasmall copper sulfide (covellite) nanodots (CuS NDs) based dual functional nanosystem to cure multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected chronic nonhealing wound. The nanosystem could eradicate multidrug-resistant bacteria and expedite wound healing simultaneously owing to the photothermal effect and remote control of copper-ion release. The antibacterial results indicated that the combination treatment of photothermal CuS NDs with photothermal effect initiated a strong antibacterial effect for drug-resistant pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, the released Cu2+ could promote fibroblast cell migration and endothelial cell angiogenesis, thus accelerating wound-healing effects. In MRSA-infected diabetic mice model, the nanosystem exhibited synergistic wound healing effect of infectious wounds in vivo and demonstrated negligible toxicity and nonspecific damage to major organs. The combination of ultrasmall CuS NDs with photothermal therapy displayed enhanced therapeutic efficacy for chronic nonhealing wound in multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, which may represent a promising class of antibacterial strategy for clinical translation.Peer reviewe

Water vapor estimation based on 1-year data of E-band millimeter wave link in North China

Abstract. The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is very small, but its content varies greatly in different humidity areas. The change in water vapor will affect the transmission of microwave link signals, and most of the water vapor is concentrated in the lower layer, so the water vapor density can be measured by the change in the near-ground microwave link transmission signal. This study collected 1-year data of the E-band millimeter wave link in Hebei, China, and used a model based on the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) to estimate the water vapor density. An improved method of extracting the water-vapor-induced attenuation value is also introduced. It has a higher time resolution, and the estimation error is lower than the previous method. In addition, this paper conducts the seasonal analysis of water vapor inversion for the first time. The monthly and seasonal evaluation index results show a high correlation between the retrieved water vapor density and the actual water vapor density value measured by the local weather station. The correlation value for the whole year is up to 0.95, the root mean square error is as low as 0.35 g m−3, and the average relative error is as low as 5.00 %. Compared with European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis, the correlation of the daily water vapor density estimation of the link has increased by 0.17, the root mean square error has been reduced by 3.14 g m−3, and the mean relative error has been reduced by 34.00 %. This research shows that millimeter wave backhaul link provides high-precision data for the measurement of water vapor density and has a positive effect on future weather forecast research. </jats:p

Research on Rainfall Monitoring Based on E-Band Millimeter Wave Link in East China

Accurate rainfall observation data with high temporal and spatial resolution are essential for national disaster prevention and mitigation as well as climate response decisions. This paper introduces a field experiment using an E-band millimeter-wave link to obtain rainfall rate information in Nanjing city, which is situated in the east of China. The link is 3 km long and operates at 71 and 81 GHz. We first distinguish between the wet and the dry periods, and then determine the classification threshold for calculating attenuation baseline in real time. We correct the influence of the wet antenna attenuation and finally calculate the rainfall rate through the power law relationship between the rainfall rate and the rain-induced attenuation. The experimental results show that the correlation between the rainfall rate retrieved from the 71 GHz link and the rainfall rate measured by the raindrop spectrometer is up to 0.9. The correlation at 81 GHz is up to 0.91. The mean relative errors are all below 5%. By comparing with the rainfall rate measured by the laser raindrop spectrometer set up at the experimental site, we verified the reliability and accuracy of monitoring rainfall using the E-band millimeter-wave link.</jats:p

Effects of low-pressure EGR on gaseous emissions and particle size distribution from a dual-mode dual-fuel (DMDF) concept in a medium-duty engine

[EN] The application of a low-temperature combustion concept, such as RCCI combustion under real engine operating conditions is extremely complex. However, the implementation of the dual-mode dual-fuel (DMDF) strategy allows operating in low-medium load with the RCCI combustion and in high load with dual-fuel diffusive combustion. This allows taking advantage of the benefits of RCCI combustion as the simultaneous reduction of PM and NOx emissions. However, there are still serious challenges that required to solve, such as the high-pressure rise rate and the excessive CO and HC emissions. In this sense, this work shows how the implementation and an adequate adjustment of the cooled LP-EGR rate significantly minimize these problems and also shows how the LP-EGR has a greater impact on the DMDF than on the CDC concept. This work has been performed in a modern medium-duty diesel engine fueled with standard gasoline and diesel fuels, with which a cooled LP-EGR loop has been coupled. A TSI Scanning Particle Sizer (SMPS 3936L75) was used to measure the particles size distribution and the Horiba MEXA-ONE-D1-EGR gas analyzer system to determine gaseous emissions. A parametric variation of the LP-EGR rate was experimentally performed to analyze the effect over each combustion process that encompasses the DMDF concept (fully premixed RCCI, highly premixed RCCI and dual-fuel diffusion) and its consequent impact on gaseous and particle emissions. In addition, results were compared against the CDC concept to state the benefits of the DMDF concept. Among the different results obtained, it can be highlighted that during the RCCI strategy the increase in LP-EGR rate provided a reduction in NOx emissions. Nonetheless, unlike that fully premixed RCCI in highly premixed RCCI combustion, the PM emissions increased with this increment in the LP-EGR rate, shifting the size distribution of particle toward larger sizes, but decreasing the HC and CO emissions. Finally, with the exception of the high HC and CO emissions in fully premixed RCCI, in all the combustion strategies of the DMDF concept, a reduction of the analyzed pollutants was observed when compared with the CDC mode.This investigation has been funded by VOLVO Group Trucks Technology. The authors also acknowledge the Spanish economy and competitiveness ministry for partially supporting this research (HiReCo TRA2014-58870-R).Macian Martinez, V.; Bermúdez, V.; Villalta-Lara, D.; Soto-Izquierdo, L. (2019). Effects of low-pressure EGR on gaseous emissions and particle size distribution from a dual-mode dual-fuel (DMDF) concept in a medium-duty engine. Applied Thermal Engineering. 163:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114245S11516

PI3K and ERK-Induced Rac1 Activation Mediates Hypoxia-Induced HIF-1α Expression in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α) expression induced by hypoxia plays a critical role in promoting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of HIF-1α in tumor cells remain unknown.In this study, we reported that hypoxia could induce HIF-1α and VEGF expression accompanied by Rac1 activation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Blockade of Rac1 activation with ectopic expression of an inactive mutant form of Rac1 (T17N) or Rac1 siRNA downregulated hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Furthermore, Hypoxia increased PI3K and ERK signaling activity. Both PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK inhibitor U0126 suppressed hypoxia-induced Rac1 activation as well as HIF-1α expression. Moreover, hypoxia treatment resulted in a remarkable production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a scavenger of ROS, inhibited hypoxia-induced ROS generation, PI3K, ERK and Rac1 activation as well as HIF-1α expression.Taken together, our study demonstrated that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression involves a cascade of signaling events including ROS generation, activation of PI3K and ERK signaling, and subsequent activation of Rac1