»Obrnuti« smjer promjene potencijala kao izvor informacija u pravokutnovalnoj voltametriji

Under the influence of recently published articles, reverse scans in square wave voltammetry were applied in a study of Eu3+/Eu2+ redox system at increasing concentrations of several electrolytes, and gradually changing frequency or step potential. The electrode response is highly affected by all these factors and two peaks can appear though only one electroactive species is present in the solution and one electron included in the process, whereas adsorption of the reactant or product is not pronounced. Scanning in both directions appears as a potential tool for kinetic studies of the electrode processes although in the studied system its practical application meets various problems.Pod utjecajem nedavno objavljenih radova, »obrnuto« skeniranje u pravokutnovalnoj voltametriji primijenjeno je u izučavanju redoks sustava Eu3+/Eu2+ pri rastućoj koncentraciji nekoliko elektrolita i postepenoj promjeni frekvencije ili koraka potencijala. Svi ovi faktori snažno utječu na elektrodni odziv pa se i dva vrha mogu pojaviti iako u otopini postoji samo jedna elektroaktivna tvar, u proces je uklju~en samo jedan elektron, a adsorpcija reaktanta ili produkta nije izražena. Pokazuje se da je skeniranje u oba smjera potencijalno »oruže« za izučavanje kinetike elektrodnih procesa iako je njegova praktična primjena u ispitivanome sustavu povezana s različitim problemima

Elementary school students' preferences for musical activities

Ovaj diplomski rad namijenjen je istraživanju sklonosti učenika nižih razreda osnovne škole prema glazbenim aktivnostima. Govoriti će se o nastavi Glazbene kulture u osnovnoj školi glazbenim aktivnostima koje se provode tokom nastave Glazbene kulture u osnovnoj školi o glazbenim aktivnostima koje učitelji najčešće provode te jesu li one u skladu s učeničkim preferencijama. Naglasak će se staviti na glazbene aktivnosti koje učenici preferiraju te će se provjeriti postoji li razlika u njihovim preferencijama s obzirom na dob učenika, odnosno na razred koji pohađaju. Zbog pretpostavke da učitelji i dalje u nastavi Glazbene kulture najčešće provode glazbene aktivnosti pjevanja u ovom istraživanju provjeriti ćemo jesu li to aktivnosti koje i učenici najviše preferiraju i postoji li promjena u preferencijama učenika s obzirom na njihovu dob, a u koju bi učitelji trebali biti upućeni da bi mogli promijeniti nastavnu praksu kako bi ona bila u skladu s potrebama učenika. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom lipnja 2019. godine u Osnovnoj školi Frane Krste Frankopana u Osijeku na uzorku od 113 učenika od prvog do trećeg razreda te su uzeta po dva razredna odjela od svakog razreda. U istraživanju je primijenjen anketni upitnik i skala procjene za ispitivanje preferencija prema pojedinim glazbenim aktivnostima. Nadalje, ispitalo se koje se glazbene aktivnosti najčešće provode, a koje bi učenici voljeli da češće budu dio nastave Glazbene kulture. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je najpreferiranija glazbena aktivnost glazbene igre, a najmanje preferirana glazbena aktivnost glazbeno stvaralaštvo. Utvrđeno je da učitelji najčešće provode pjevanje u nastavi Glazbene kulture što nije u skladu s učeničkim preferencijama.The aim of the research was to investigate music preferences of pupils in the lower grades of primary school in musical activities. We will be talking about Music classes in general, about musical activities conducted in teaching Music in primary school and about musical activities which are most often used by primary school teachers. We will also check if there is a connection between musical activities that are preferred by pupils and musical activities that teachers most often use. Also, the research wanted to examine the influence of grade level on pupils’ preferences. Because of assumption that singing is the most used musical activity by teachers we will check if singing is the most preferred musical activity by pupils, and if there is any change in musical activity preferences by pupils that teachers need to know in order to be able to change their teaching to be in tune with the pupils’ needs. The research was conducted in primary school Frana Krste Frankopana in Osijek during June of 2019. The sample included 113 pupils in grades one to three. In order to collect data in this research we used a questionnaire with an evaluation scale intended to measure preferences for musical activities. Moreover, we examined which musical activities are the most commonly used by teachers and which musical activities would pupils prefer to be included more often. The results show that the most preferred musical activity is musical games, and the least preferred musical activity is musical creation. It has been established that in musical classes teachers use singing most often which is not compatible with pupils’ preferences

Is there a need for political liberalism to have an account of pre-overlapping consensus reasoning?

In his Liberalism without Perfection, Jonathan Quong argues for internal conception of political liberalism which goal is to show that a liberal well-ordered society is internally coherent ideal and that citizens who would be raised in such society could endorse and support their own liberal institutions and principles if those institutions and principles are justified in particular way These institutions should be justified by particular conception of public reason which main feature is that overlapping consensus is the first stage of its justificatory structure. So, public reasoning of citizens in well-ordered society should be based solely on values and ideas inherent to liberal conception of justice - freedom, equality, fair system of cooperation and burdens of judgment. Another important feature of Quong’s conception of public reason concerns its scope. Quong argues for a wide scope of public reason which demands that all coercive or binding laws or public policies should be justified (whenever possible) on basis of these values alone. Thus, reasonable citizens in well-ordered society by definition accord deliberative priority to public reasons over their other comprehensive or nonpublic beliefs whenever they exercise their collective political power over one another. The problem I raise in this paper is that it is very likely that in well-ordered society there will be a group of citizens that will not accord full deliberative priority to political values, especially not at all levels of political deliberation. On certain issues they will like to see their particular values being realized through common political institutions. If our political theory excludes this group from justificatory constituency on this particular issue or categorize them as unreasonable it can easily undermine their general adherence to liberal conception of justice and endanger stability of well-ordered society. Thus, my point is that we need a further development of political liberalism to solve such problems not as a part of non-ideal theory but as a part of its ideal of well-ordered society

Political Liberalism, Natural Duty of Justice and Moral Duty of Civility

In this paper I present a relation between two principles on individuals that John Rawls presented in his two major works. First one is natural duty of justice in A Theory of Justice and second one is moral duty of civility in Political Liberalism. I start with the claim that natural duty of justice is the best answer to the problem of legitimacy of liberal institutions posed by A. John Simmons. But, in the circumstances of reasonable pluralism it is not clear how can such a vague duty guide us in political reasoning. That is why I claim that moral duty of civility, which demands that we respect boundaries of public reason, is the way how we fulfill our natural duty of justice in circumstances of reasonable pluralism. This implies that moral duty of civility has its moral grounding in natural duty of justice. Then I try to present how this view can answer to some objections raised against the idea of public reason and also how it can refers to some problems of distributive justice

Višestruko testiranje hipoteza i Sorićeva metoda

U ovom radu govorimo o problemu višestrukog testiranja hipoteza. Na početku rada dajemo uvod u problem testiranja statističkih hipoteza, navodimo osnovne pojmove te primjere testiranja. Zatim objašnjavamo kako, odnosno zašto dolazi do problema višestrukog testiranja hipoteza te neka predložena rješenja u statističkoj literaturi za taj problem. Upoznajemo se s osnovnim pojmovima koji se javljaju kada govorimo o višestrukom testiranju kao sto su pogreške tipa I i II, snaga testa, FWER (engl. familywise error rate) te navodimo neke od procedura za kontrolu grešaka. Velik dio ovog rada posvećujemo FDR-u (engl. false discovery rate) čiju je ideju dao dr. Branko Sorić. Definiramo FDR metodu, uspoređujemo ju sa FWER-om te govorimo o njenoj važnosti. Opisujemo i FDR proceduru koja je dizajnirana kako bi kontrolirala očekivani udio pogrešno odbačenih nul hipoteza, a u simulacijskoj studiji ilustriramo prednosti FDR metode koje su razlog njene velike popularnosti. Naglasimo da smo ovim radom samo zagrebali po površini ove vrlo važne tematike te da je literatura o višestrukom testiranju hipoteza vrlo bogata i da se u njoj konstantno javljaju novi doprinosi.In this thesis we talk about the multiple testing problem. At the beginning of the thesis we introduce the problem of statistical hypotheses testing, its basic concepts and give some examples of testing. Then we explain how and why the problem occurs and present some solutions suggested in statistics literature. We introduce the basic concepts that arise in multiple testing, such as errors of type I and II, the power of the test, FWER (familywise error rate) and we list some of the procedures for error control. A big part of this thesis is dedicated to FDR (false discovery rate) whose idea goes back to dr. Branko Sorić. We define the FDR method, we compare it with FWER and we talk about its importance. We also describe the FDR procedure which is designed to control the expected proportion of incorrectly rejected null hypotheses. In a simulation study, we illustrate the benefits of the FDR method which are the reason for its great popularity. In this thesis we have only scratched the surface of this very important topic. The literature on multiple testing problem is very rich. New contributions and developments appear continuously

Size of the lower third molar space in relation to age in Serbian population

Background/Aim. It is considered that the shortage of space is the major cause of the third molar impaction. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of insufficient lower third molar eruption space in Serbian population, to question the differences in this frequency in the subjects of different age, to determine the influence of the lower third molar space (retromolar space) size on third molar eruption, and to investigate a possible correlation between the size of gonial angle and the space/third molar width ratio. Methods. Digital orthopantomograms were taken from 93 patients divided into two groups: early adult (16-18 years of age) and adult (18-26) patients. Retromolar space, mesiodistal third molar crown width, gonial angle and eruption levels were measured. Results. The space/third molar width in early adult subjects was smaller (p < 0.0001) and insufficient space was significantly more frequent (p = 0.0003) than in adult patients. Considerably more third molars erupted in case of enough space in both age groups (p < 0.0001). There was no difference between the means of gonial angle size in relations to the available space. Conclusions. The retromolar space/third molar width ratio is more favorable in adult subjects. Gonial angle is not in correlation with the retromolar space/third molar width ratio. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 45005