Examining the Role of Social Capital Components on Explaining Organizational Pessimism

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of social capital components on explaining organizational pessimism as a behavioral challenge in Payam Noor universities in Guilan province.Methodology: The present research in terms of method; It is quantitative, with comparative logic, and in terms of purpose, it is practical and developmental. The statistical population of the research, the centers of Payam Noor University in Guilan province were selected in the number of 23 centers, the total number of human resources (academic faculty and administrative staff) is 588 people, and 220 people were selected as a sample using the cluster sampling method based on Cochran's formula. became The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire used was obtained from an exploratory study. In order to analyze the data, the mean, standard deviation method was used in the descriptive statistics section by SPSS23 statistical software, and in the inferential statistics section, the structural equation modeling method was used using Smart PLS3 statistical software.Research findings: The research findings indicate that the structural, relational and functional factors of social capital have an effect on organizational pessimism and explain it, and among the identified factors, the greatest intensity is related to the relational component, with the impact coefficient -0.672 and the factor load is 0.840.Conclusion: The special achievement of the present research shows the importance that by improving relations and increasing interactions among employees and professors and supporting management of such communication, the field of pessimism will be reduced to a great extent. Based on this, in terms of application, it can be claimed that by relying on the three elements of social capital, the level of organizational pessimism can be reduced in Payam Noor University, Guilan Province. Also, in terms of domestic research innovation with such a theme, it has not been seen in the country from a topical and spatial point of view.Introduction Considering that Payam Noor University is one of the active higher education centers in the country and provides a diverse range of services to students from various social categories, investigating negative behaviors and their consequences such as organizational pessimism and the prevalence of such malpractices , among its professors and employees, it can have long-term useful consequences for university managers and supervisors.Also, considering the high amount of work that Payam Noor University employees do and the fact that the dominant organizational structure of Iran's government organizations is bureaucratic, there is no doubt that the issue of job burnout, one of the most important aspects of which is organizational pessimism among The employees of government organizations, especially the employees of universities and educational centers, are increasing, and if such issues and problems are not addressed, in the long term, it will lead to a decrease in the job performance of employees and a decrease in organizational productivity.Therefore, dealing with behavioral issues with regard to the social capital component and playing its role can be very helpful. According to the explanations provided, the researchers in the current research are in line with answering this question, whether social capital can be the role of explaining behavioral dysfunctions such as organizational pessimism?Case study Payam Noor University of  Guilan ProvinceMaterials and Methods The current research follows the paradigm of positivism in terms of philosophical foundations, and its orientation is of an applied and developmental type, because it seeks to apply the findings in the same context as the statistical community under investigation, and on the other hand, it adds to the boundaries of organizational and behavioral knowledge. Also, in terms of the research approach, it is of a comparative type and it aims to test the hypotheses by using a framework and a conceptual model. Also, the nature of the current research is quantitative research and the research environment is field and the collected data were collected in the real environment. In terms of the goal, the current research aims to explain and describe the investigated phenomena, the horizon of the research is also cross-sectional. The statistical population of the research, the centers of Payam Noor University in Guilan province were selected in the number of 23 centers, the total number of human resources (academic faculty and administrative staff) is 588 people and 220 people were selected as a sample based on the Cochran formula by cluster sampling method. . The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire used was obtained from an exploratory study. In order to analyze the data, the mean, standard deviation method was used in the descriptive statistics section by SPSS 23 statistical software, and in the inferential statistics section, the structural equation modeling method was used using SmartPLS statistical software.Discussion and Results The research findings indicate that the structural, relational and functional factors of social capital have an effect on organizational pessimism and explain it, and among the identified factors, the greatest intensity is related to the relational component, with the impact coefficient -0.672 and the factor load is 0.840.ConclusionThe special achievement of the present research shows the importance that by improving relations and increasing interactions among employees and professors and supporting management of such communication, the field of pessimism will be reduced to a great extent. Based on this, in terms of application, it can be claimed that by relying on the three elements of social capital, the level of organizational pessimism can be reduced in Payam Noor University, Guilan Province. Also, in terms of domestic research innovation with such a theme, it has not been seen in the country from a topical and spatial point of view

Zinc Inhibits HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor-Aggravated VSMC Calcification Induced by High Phosphate

L

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits the calcification and osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells

Osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is involved in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas endogenously produced by cystathionine γ-lyase in VSMC. Here we determined whether H2S plays a role in phosphate-induced osteoblastic transformation and mineralization of VSMC. Hydrogen sulfide was found to inhibit calcium deposition in the extracellular matrix and to suppress the induction of the genes involved in osteoblastic transformation of VSMC: alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and Cbfa1. Moreover, phosphate uptake and phosphate-triggered upregulation of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (Pit-1) were also prevented by H2S. Reduction of endogenous production of H2S by inhibition of cystathionine γ-lyase activity resulted in increased osteoblastic transformation and mineralization. Low plasma levels of H2S, associated with decreased cystathionine γ-lyase enzyme activity, were found in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis. Thus, H2S is a potent inhibitor of phosphate-induced calcification and osteoblastic differentiation of VSMC. This mechanism might contribute to accelerated vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease

Development of a MALDI MS-based platform for early detection of acute kidney injury

Purpose: Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with poor outcome. This can partly be attributed to delayed diagnosis and incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Our aim was to develop an early predictive test for AKI based on the analysis of urinary peptide biomarkers by MALDI-MS. Experimental design: Urine samples from 95 patients with sepsis were analyzed by MALDI-MS. Marker search and multimarker model establishment were performed using the peptide profiles from 17 patients with existing or within the next 5 days developing AKI and 17 with no change in renal function. Replicates of urine sample pools from the AKI and non-AKI patient groups and normal controls were also included to select the analytically most robust AKI markers. Results: Thirty-nine urinary peptides were selected by cross-validated variable selection to generate a support vector machine multidimensional AKI classifier. Prognostic performance of the AKI classifier on an independent validation set including the remaining 61 patients of the study population (17 controls and 44 cases) was good with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.82 and a sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 76%, respectively. Conclusion and clinical relevance: A urinary peptide marker model detects onset of AKI with acceptable accuracy in septic patients. Such a platform can eventually be transferred to the clinic as fast MALDI-MS test format

Ferryl Hemoglobin Inhibits Osteoclastic Differentiation of Macrophages in Hemorrhaged Atherosclerotic Plaques

K

The disparate effect of hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration on T-wave-peak-to-end interval (Tpe) and Tpe/QT ratio of the surface electrocardiogram

K

In vivo regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 gene in humanized transgenic mice

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in heme degradation, producing equimolar amounts of carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin. Induction of HO-1 is a beneficial response to tissue injury in diverse animal models of diseases including acute kidney injury. In vitro analysis has shown that the human HO-1 gene is transcriptionally regulated by changes in chromatin conformation, but whether such control occurs in vivo is not known. To enable such an analysis, we generated transgenic mice, harboring an 87-kb bacterial artificial chromosome expressing human HO-1 mRNA and protein and bred these mice with HO-1 knockout mice to generate humanized BAC transgenic mice. This successfully rescued the phenotype of the knockout mice including reduced birth rates, tissue iron overload, splenomegaly, anemia, leukocytosis, dendritic cell abnormalities, and survival after acute kidney injury induced by rhabdomyolysis or cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Transcription factors such as USF1/2, JunB, Sp1, and CTCF were found to associate with regulatory regions of the human HO-1 gene in the kidney following rhabdomyolysis. Chromosome conformation capture and ChIP-loop assays confirmed this in the formation of chromatin looping in vivo. Thus, these bacterial artificial chromosome humanized HO-1 mice are a valuable model to study the human HO-1 gene, providing insight to the in vivo architecture of the gene in acute kidney injury and other diseases