2,987 research outputs found
Dynamics of thick discs around Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes
We consider the effects of a cosmological constant on the dynamics of
constant angular momentum discs orbiting Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes.
The motivation behind this study is to investigate whether the presence of a
radial force contrasting the black hole's gravitational attraction can
influence the occurrence of the runaway instability, a robust feature of the
dynamics of constant angular momentum tori in Schwarzschild and Kerr
spacetimes. In addition to the inner cusp near the black hole horizon through
which matter can accrete onto the black hole, in fact, a positive cosmological
constant introduces also an outer cusp through which matter can leave the torus
without accreting onto the black hole. To assess the impact of this outflow on
the development of the instability we have performed time-dependent and
axisymmetric hydrodynamical simulations of equilibrium initial configurations
in a sequence of background spacetimes of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes
with increasing masses. The simulations have been performed with an unrealistic
value for the cosmological constant which, however, yields sufficiently small
discs to be resolved accurately on numerical grids and thus provides a first
qualitative picture of the dynamics. The calculations, carried out for a wide
range of initial conditions, show that the mass-loss from the outer cusp can
have a considerable impact on the instability, with the latter being rapidly
suppressed if the outflow is large enough.Comment: 12 pages; A&A, in pres
Dynamics of magnetized relativistic tori oscillating around black holes
We present a numerical study of the dynamics of magnetized, relativistic,
non-self-gravitating, axisymmetric tori orbiting in the background spacetimes
of Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes. The initial models have a constant
specific angular momentum and are built with a non-zero toroidal magnetic field
component, for which equilibrium configurations have recently been obtained. In
this work we extend our previous investigations which dealt with purely
hydrodynamical thick discs, and study the dynamics of magnetized tori subject
to perturbations which, for the values of the magnetic field strength
considered here, trigger quasi-periodic oscillations lasting for tens of
orbital periods. Overall, we have found that the dynamics of the magnetized
tori analyzed is very similar to that found in the corresponding unmagnetized
models. The spectral distribution of the eigenfrequencies of oscillation shows
the presence of a fundamental p mode and of a series of overtones in a harmonic
ratio 2:3:.... These simulations, therefore, extend the validity of the model
of Rezzolla et al.(2003a) for explaining the high-frequency QPOs observed in
the spectra of LMXBs containing a black-hole candidate also to the case of
magnetized discs with purely toroidal magnetic field distribution. If
sufficiently compact and massive, these oscillations can also lead to the
emission of intense gravitational radiation which is potentially detectable for
sources within the Galaxy.Comment: 10 pages,7 figures, submitted to MNRA
Gravitational waves from oscillating accretion tori: Comparison between different approaches
Quasi-periodic oscillations of high density thick accretion disks orbiting a
Schwarzschild black hole have been recently addressed as interesting sources of
gravitational waves. The aim of this paper is to compare the gravitational
waveforms emitted from these sources when computed using (variations of) the
standard quadrupole formula and gauge-invariant metric perturbation theory. To
this goal we evolve representative disk models using an existing general
relativistic hydrodynamics code which has been previously employed in
investigations of such astrophysical systems. Two are the main results of this
work: First, for stable and marginally stable disks, no excitation of the black
hole quasi-normal modes is found. Secondly, we provide a simple, relativistic
modification of the Newtonian quadrupole formula which, in certain regimes,
yields excellent agreement with the perturbative approach. This holds true as
long as back-scattering of GWs is negligible. Otherwise, any functional form of
the quadrupole formula yields systematic errors of the order of 10%.Comment: 6 pages and 3 figures, RevTex, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
On the Estimation of Euler Equations in the Presence of a Potential Regime Shift
The concept of a peso problem is formalized in terms of a linear Euler equation and a nonlinear marginal model describing the dynamics of the exogenous driving process. It is shown that, using a threshold autoregressive model as a marginal model, it is possible to produce time-varying peso premia. A Monte Carlo method and a method based on the numerical solution of integral equations are considered as tools for computing conditional future expectations in the marginal model. A Monte Carlo study illustrates the poor performance of the generalized method of moment (GMM) estimator in small and even relatively large samples. The poor performance is particularly acute in the presence of a peso problem but is also serious in the simple linear case.peso problem; Euler equations; GMM; threshold autoregressive models
Light quark electromagnetic structure of baryons
Fascinating aspects of the light quark-mass behavior of baryon
electromagnetic form factors are highlighted. Using FLIC fermions on quenched -improved gauge fields, we explore charge
radii and magnetic moments at pion masses as light as 300 MeV. Of particular
interest is chiral curvature of proton charge radii and magnetic moments, the
environmental dependence of strange quark properties in hyperons, and the
remarkable signature of quenched chiral-nonanalytic behavior in the magnetic
moment of baryon resonances.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, Presented at the 24th International Symposium on
Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2006), Tucson, Arizona, 23-28 Jul 200
mesenchymal stem cells myths and reality
The number of studies addressing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology and their capacity to treat a broad range of human diseases at the preclinical and clinical level has grown exponentially in the last two decades, with often confusing and conflicting results
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