Generalized Hyper-Ramsey Resonance with separated oscillating fields

An exact generalization of the Ramsey transition probability is derived to improve ultra-high precision measurement and quantum state engineering when a particle is subjected to independently-tailored separated oscillating fields. The phase-shift accumulated at the end of the interrogation scheme offering high-level control of quantum states throughout various laser parameters conditions. The Generalized Hyper-Ramsey Resonance based on independent manipulation of interaction time, field amplitude, phase and frequency detuning is presented to increase the performance of next generation of atomic, molecular and nuclear clocks, to upgrade high resolution frequency measurement in Penning trap mass spectrometry and for a better control of light induced frequency shifts in matter wave interferometers or quantum information processing.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Composite pulses in Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy for the next generation of atomic clocks

The next generation of atomic frequency standards based on an ensemble of neutral atoms or a single-ion will provide very stringent tests in metrology, applied and fundamental physics requiring a new step in very precise control of external systematic corrections. In the proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology, we present a generalization of the recent Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy with separated oscillating fields using composites pulses in order to suppress field frequency shifts induced by the interrogation laser itself. Sequences of laser pulses including specific selection of phases, frequency detunings and durations are elaborated to generate spectroscopic signals with a strong reduction of the light-shift perturbation by off resonant states. New optical clocks based on weakly allowed or completely forbidden transitions in atoms, ions, molecules and nuclei will benefit from these generalized Ramsey schemes to reach relative accuracies well below the 10$^{-18}$ level.Comment: accepted as proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology (Potsdam Germany, 12-16 october 2015

Synthetic Frequency Protocol in the Ramsey Spectroscopy of Clock Transitions

We develop an universal method to significantly suppress probe-induced shifts in any types of atomic clocks using the Ramsey spectroscopy. Our approach is based on adaptation of the synthetic frequency concept [V. I. Yudin, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 030801 (2011)] (previously developed for BBR shift suppression) to the Ramsey spectroscopy with the use of interrogations for different dark time intervals. Universality of the method consists in arbitrariness of the possible Ramsey schemes. However, most extremal results are obtained in combination with so-called hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy [V. I. Yudin, et al., Phys. Rev. A 82, 011804(R) (2010)]. In the latter case, the probe-induced frequency shifts can be suppressed considerably below a fractional level of 10$^{-18}$ practically for any optical atomic clocks, where this shift previously was metrologically significant. The main advantage of our method in comparison with other radical hyper-Ramsey approaches [R. Hobson, et al., Phys. Rev. A 93, 010501(R) (2016); T. Zanon-Willette, et al., Phys. Rev. A 93, 042506 (2016)] consist in much greater efficiency and resistibility in the presence of decoherentization.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

STEM CELL-LIKE PROPERTIES OF MEMORY T CELLS IN HUMAN IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION

ABSTRACT The memory T cell compartment comprises a plethora of subsets that are diverse at the functional, transcriptional and metabolic level. T memory stem cells (TSCM) are the least differentiated subset endowed with superior immune reconstitution capacity, anti-tumor activity and long-term persistence compared to more differentiated progeny in preclinical models. However, their role in human T cell recovery remains undetermined. In the first part of my work, I investigate the dynamics of T cell reconstitution in human haploidentical bone marrow transplantation (haplo-BMT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (pt-Cy) and provide evidence that donor antigen-specific na\uefve (TN)- derived TSCM cells survive pt-Cy and are the most abundant circulating T cell population in the early days after transplantation. I further demonstrate that these cells later contribute to peripheral reconstitution by differentiating into effector cells. With these experiments, I define the cellular basis of human T cell reconstitution following haploidentical transplantation with pt-Cy and propose to employ naive-derived TSCM cells in the clinical setting to overcome immunodeficiency. However, the clinical use of these cells is limited by their paucity ex vivo. Therefore, I dedicate the second part of this work to investigate the biological and molecular mechanisms involved in the generation and expansion of TSCM cells from CD8+ TN precursors. I show that curtailed T-cell receptor stimulation curbs effector CD8+ T-cell differentiation and allows the generation of CD45RO\u2013 CD45RA+CCR7+CD27+CD95+ -phenotype cells from highly purified TN precursors, resembling naturally-occurring TSCM. These cells proliferate extensively in vitro and in vivo, express low amounts of effector-associated genes and transcription factors and undergo considerable self-renewal in response to IL-15 while retaining effector differentiation potential. Such a phenotype is associated with a lower number of mitochondria compared to highly-activated effector T cells committed to terminal differentiation. These results shed light on the molecular signals that are required to generate high numbers of long-lived memory T cells with potential application in adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy

Un metodo per riconoscere faglie attive sepolte mediante misure areali di radon dal suolo

Lo studio riassume i risultati di una campagna di misure geochimiche e strutturali condotte nel 2004 (Neri et al., 2011) e riguarda la misurazione delle emissioni di gas radon e thoron dal suolo effettuate lungo il fianco orientale dell’Etna, in una zona caratterizzata dalla presenza di numerose faglie attive. Le elaborazioni statistiche effettuate hanno permesso di riconoscere soglie di anomalia dei dati geochimici, nonché la produzione di mappe di distribuzione che hanno evidenziato una significativa correlazione spaziale tra le anomalie riscontrate e i principali lineamenti tettonici. Entrambe le anomalie di radon e thoron si trovavano in aree interessate da sismicità relativamente profonda, in particolare in corrispondenza delle zone di intersezione tra faglie differentemente orientate. Questo studio conferma che la mappatura della distribuzione di gas radon e thoron dal suolo può rivelare la presenza di faglie nascoste da coperture recenti, o faglie che non sono chiaramente visibili in superficie

Un metodo per riconoscere faglie attive sepolte mediante misure areali di radon dal suolo

Lo studio riassume i risultati di una campagna di misure geochimiche e strutturali condotte nel 2004 (Neri et al., 2011) e riguarda la misurazione delle emissioni di gas radon e thoron dal suolo effettuate lungo il fianco orientale dell’Etna, in una zona caratterizzata dalla presenza di numerose faglie attive. Le elaborazioni statistiche effettuate hanno permesso di riconoscere soglie di anomalia dei dati geochimici, nonché la produzione di mappe di distribuzione che hanno evidenziato una significativa correlazione spaziale tra le anomalie riscontrate e i principali lineamenti tettonici. Entrambe le anomalie di radon e thoron si trovavano in aree interessate da sismicità relativamente profonda, in particolare in corrispondenza delle zone di intersezione tra faglie differentemente orientate. Questo studio conferma che la mappatura della distribuzione di gas radon e thoron dal suolo può rivelare la presenza di faglie nascoste da coperture recenti, o faglie che non sono chiaramente visibili in superficie

Reproductive parameters of "Nero di Parma" sows reared outdoor and indoor

AbstractThe swine genetic type "Nero di Parma" has been obtained after a preservation programme of a local breed suitable for outdoor rearing systems in Parma province. Actually, 480 females and 35 males are registered by Italian Swine Breeders Association and are reared in 28 herds of Parma province. The study involved the analysis of the reproductive performance of 120 sows from 19 boars, born between 1999 and 2005, during 211 parities from 2002 to 2006. For each parity, the boar, the age of the sow, the length of the farrowing interval, and the litter size (number of born alive, stillborn and weaned piglets) were recorded. Two rearing systems of the farrowing sows (from the final phase of gestation to the end of lactation) were considered: indoor (sows closed off in individual stalls or farrowing cages) and outdoor (sows in individual huts inside the paddocks, with straw bedding); dry sows in both systems had access on pasture with forage and concentrate integration. Data concerning sows performance we..

Prediction of milk, fat and protein yields in first lactation from serum ß-lactoglobulin concentrations during gestation in Italian Brown heifers

The Authors report the results of a study carried out on 23 pregnant Italian Brown heifers, with the aim to determine the relationships between blood serum ß-lactoglobulin (ß-LG) concentrations during first gestation and subsequent milk production and quality in first lactation, in order to obtain an improved selection method for replacement heifers. At weeks 20, 26 and 32 of gestation, ß-LG concentrations (±SE) were 706±78, 753±66 and 772±63 ng/ml, respectively (P>0.05). High and significant (P≤0.05) correlation coefficients were observed only between ß-LG content at week 32 and total milk and protein yields in first lactation. Prediction equations of milk, fat and protein production in first lactation from log10 ß-LG content at week 32 of gestation, from parent average genetic indexes and from both were calculated by means of multiple regression analysis. When the contribution of both ß-LG content and predicted genetic indexes were considered, the regression equations gave generally a better estimate of the production parameters in first lactation (higher R2, lower SE of estimate) than the above mentioned parameters alone. These results suggest that it is valuable to pre-estimate milk, fat and protein production in Italian Brown first lactating cows by means of the analysis of serum ß-LG content during gestation

Armazenamento de sementes de Louro-pardo (Cordia trichotoma (VELL.) ARRB. ex STEUD.).

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