Potential Ecology Suitability Distribution of Forage Availability for Dairy Cattle. Case study: Lembang District Area, West Java

Dairy cattle have a highly depend on forage for its daily diet that will influence milk production. Therefore forage supply is the core issue in dairy farming productivity in Indonesia. Hence, it is very important in securing forage supply in order for sustainability of dairy farming. However, the forage availability is becoming rare due to the limitation of farming land owned by the farmers. The aim of this research was to determine geospatial distribution of forage availability for dairy cattle in Lembang Area, West Java. GIS software (ArcView 3.2) was used in this research. Secondary data, including maps (Land use, rainfall, slope, ect) were required in this research. As we know that the ecological suitability was the primary requirements for forage management. Moreover, the ecological suitability was assessed by criteria classification in order to achive optimum forage production. The result of map overlapping has resulted the potential ecology suitability for forage management. Furthermore, land suitability was physically divided into 4 classes; highly suitable (S1), moderate suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), not suitable (N) and constrain (C) that became the restriction point for forage management.Keywords : Dairy Cattle, Forage, Geographic Information Syste

DETERMINATION OF DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LEVEL FROM SELECTED AREAS OF RAWALPINDI, PAKISTAN

Anthropogenic contaminants arising from both stationary (power plants, industries and residential heating) and mobile sources (road traffic) can harm ambient air quality in urban areas. Depending upon their physical state, these pollutants are classified as liquid and vapor phases and are subsequently transported to the Earth’s surface through dry and wet deposition. After the deposition of these pollutants onto the surface of earth various health effects caused by these pollutants occurred like cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. In this study four different locations/sites were selected from the Rawalpindi city depending upon the population, traffic rush and industries to examine the noise level, concentration of carbon dioxide and heavy metals. Air sampler was used for the collection of air sample to analyze the heavy metal concentration, Quest electronic sound meter for measuring sound level and SIBATA for CO2 measurement. The study findings revealed that noise level was higher at all selected locations as described by WHO limit (70 dB) being highest at Industrial area due to heavy machinery and lowest at green area. Concentration of all four heavy metals were high as compared with the prescribed limits. CO2 level reaches up to 300 ppm because of coal consumption during the winter season. The threshold values of all these selected parameters well above the prescribed limits defined by the authorities so to combat with this situation we should move towards more energy efficient fuels, proper maintenance of vehicles and machineries, traffic management and installation of noise barriers in industries as well as installation of catalytic convertors in vehicles to stop further air pollution

Bone Substitutes in Management of Benign Bone Tumors, Review of Literature

Intralesional excision or curettage is commonly used to treat benign and low-grade malignant bone tumors. The resulting defect can be treated with a variety of materials, such as autologous bone grafts, allografts, or synthetic materials like polymethylmethacrylate or composite alternatives. Because it is osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive, autologous cancellous bone is often considered the gold standard of transplant material. However, issues including transplant size limitations, wound-related complications, and prolonged donor site pain have limited its usage in clinical practice. Concerns about immunogenicity and infection have also hampered the use of demineralized freeze-dried allografts and xenografts.  As a result, synthetic materials have sparked substantial interest in orthopedics, and a variety of bone graft alternatives are now commercially accessible

The diabesity health economic crisis - the size of the crisis in a European island state following a cross-sectional study

Background: Diabetes type 2 and obesity are well-established global epidemics and contributors to clinical, social and economic health burdens. The prevalence rates of these diseases are still on the rise among countries resulting in a corresponding public health burden. The Mediterranean island of Malta, known for it’s high diabetes and obesity rates, provides a good fundamental basis to portray the economical health burden of these diseases. Method: A recent randomised stratified representative cross-sectional survey conducted in Malta tackling diabetes, obesity and other determinants, was used to work out the population prevalence of these diseases. The cost burden of diabetes and obesity, based on published data, was incorporated to the established population prevalence rates, in order to estimate the Maltese economical burden. Projections to the year 2050 by a bottom-up prevalence based design were performed. Results: One eight of the Maltese adults (25 to 64 years) suffered from diabetes out of which approximately 10,000 adults were unaware of the disease. Alarmingly, more than a third of the Maltese population suffer from obesity. The approximate health care costs (direct and indirect) for the diabetic adult population was of €29,159,217 (€21,994,676 - €38,919,121) annually, amounting to 3.64% (2.75–4.875%) of the total health expenditure in Malta. The obesity cost burden was of €23,732,781 (€21,514,972-€26,049,204) annually contributing for 2.97% (2.69–3.26%) of the total health expenditure. The projected prevalence and costs for 2050 exhibited an estimated cost burden increase of €33,751,487 (€25,458,606–€45,048,473) for the diabetes mellitus population and €46,532,294 (€42,183,889–€51,074,049) for the obese population. These projected cost burdens are expected to increase exponentially the total health care expenditure in Malta by 2050. Conclusion: Having an understanding of the prevalence and the economic cost burden of diabetes and obesity within a country, along with projections of the expected burden will enable policy and public health officials to clearly visualize this growing problem. It also helps in establishing effective preventive strategies and screening programs targeting these epidemics.peer-reviewe

Upaya Penggantian Sampah Plastik dalam Pengemasan Komoditi Online Shop oleh Pelaku UMKM

Latar Belakang: Meningkatnya sampah plastik dari jasa  pengantaran  paket  selama  pandemi  sebanyak  62%  dapat  mengancam  kesehatan lingkungan. Selain  jasa  pengantaran  paket,  penjual  online  juga  berperan penting dalam menyumbang sampah plastik di masa pandemi. Kesadaran penjual  online akan bahaya plastik dapat mengurangi jumlah sampah plastik di masa pandemi.Tujuan:Tujuan dari kegiatan intervensi yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengurangi  penggunaan  plastik  pada  pelaku  UMKM  yang memiliki usaha online shop.Metode: Dalam intervensi digunakan metode analisis situasi, identifikasi masalah, dan penentuan prioritas masalah. Kegiatannya berupa rangkaian tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan,  evaluasi,  intervensi, dan laporan. Tahap pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan pemnyebakan kuesioner. Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi untuk menentukan rencana intervensi. Sedangkan intervensi sendiri dilakukan dengan pelatihan pada sasaran, yakni para pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok.Hasil: Hasil dari intervensi ditemukan adanya 39 peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman para peserta pelatihan setelah mengikuti kegiatan intervensi PEKA.Simpulan: Dengan adanya intervensi didapatkan perubahan dan peningkatan pengetahuan pada responden. Hal ini diharapkan dapat mengubah perilaku responden untuk dapat berperilaku lebih baik kaitannya dengan penggunaan dan pengelolaan plastic sebagai kemasan produk

Exogenously applied ZnO nanoparticles induced salt tolerance in potentially high yielding modern wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Salinity stress is one of the potential threats that adversely affect the productivity of many cereal crops worldwide. Spraying plants with nano-Zn particles may lessen effectively such negative impacts on plants; yet its mode of action is still not well explored. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of spraying nano-Zn particles with varying concentrations (0, 20, 50 and 80 mg L-1) on two wheat cultivars irrigated with saline water (EC = 6.3 dS m-1) versus a non-saline one. The key results revealed that root and shoot weights decreased significantly under salinity stress conditions, while improved considerably with nano-Zn-particles foliar application up to 50 mg nanoZn L-1; thereafter significant reductions occurred. Also, shoot and root lengths as well as plant leaf area index improved considerably owing to this foliar application. Clearly, roots and shoots weights of wheat plants sprayed with nano-Zn particles under salinity stress conditions exhibited higher values than the corresponding ones that was grown under non-saline conditions without nano-Zn-particles applications. Unexpectedly, this foliar spray led to significant reductions in plant pigments and also in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in plants. Yet, this foliar spray enhanced formation of total soluble sugars and proline, and raised significantly Ca contents in wheat roots and shoots, and to some extent K contents. In conclusion, the foliar application of nano-Zn particles increased plant growth under salty stress conditions via two parallel processes, i.e., stimulating formation of osmolytes and stimulating nutrient uptake which may, in turn, increase plant metabolism. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CCPeer reviewe

Assessment and Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Primary Care Settings

An increasingly common chronic inflammatory skin condition is atopic dermatitis (AD). It exhibits severe itching as well as recurring eczematous lesions. New difficulties for treatment selection and approach occur with the expansion of available therapy alternatives for healthcare professionals and patients.  The article highlights recent developments in scientific research on atopic dermatitis diagnosis and assessment that have led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and the development of targeted therapies, both of which have the potential to completely change the way AD is treated, particularly in a primary care setting

Pairing as an instructional strategy to promote soft skills amongst clinical dental students

Training dentists today is challenging as they are expected to provide a wide range of dental care. In the provision of good dental care, soft skills are equally important as clinical skills. Therefore in dental education the development of soft skills are of prime concern. This study sought to identify the development of soft skills when dental students are paired in their clinical training. In this perception study, four open-ended items were used to elicit students’ feedback on the appropriateness of using clinical pairing as an instructional strategy to promote soft skills. The most frequently cited soft skills were teamwork (70%) and communication (25%) skills. However, both negative and positive behaviours were reported. As for critical thinking and problem solving skills, more positive behaviours were reported for abilities such as to explain, analyze, find ideas and alternative solutions, and make decisions. Leadership among peers was not evident as leading without legitimate authority could be a hindrance to its development. If clinical pairing is to be used as an effective instructional strategy to promote soft skills amongst students, clear guidelines need to be developed to prepare students to work in a dental team and the use of appropriate assessment tools can facilitate the development of these soft skills

Laser Vaporization of Mouth Lesions, an Overview

Lasers are utilized in dentistry as a therapeutic tool or as an auxiliary tool. The major purpose of employing lasers in dentistry is to overcome the difficulties that are currently observed in traditional dental treatment treatments. The laser is used in hard tissue applications such as caries prevention, bleaching, restorative removal and curing, cavity preparation, dentinal hypersensitivity, growth modulation, and diagnostics, whereas soft tissue applications include wound healing, removal of hyperplastic tissue to uncover impacted or partially erupted teeth, photodynamic therapy for malignancies, and photo-stimulation of herpetic lesions. Lasers' capacity to perform minimally invasive operations with minimum patient discomfort has proven effective in the patient delivery system in dentistry practice. The availability of lasers with various wavelengths has produced a surgical panacea, and laser technology has replaced traditional surgical techniques in many oral surgical operations

Effect of nocturnal hypoxemia on glycemic control among diabetic Saudi patients presenting with obstructive sleep apnea

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disease that is associated with an increased incidence of type II diabetes mellitus (DM) if left untreated. We aimed to determine the association between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and both nocturnal hypoxemia and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) among a Saudi patients with OSA.MethodsA cross-sectional study that enrolled 103 adult patients diagnosed with DM and confirmed to have OSA by full night attended polysomnography between 2018 and 2021. Those who presented with acute illness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/restrictive lung diseases causing sleep-related hypoxemia, or no available HbA1c level within 6 months before polysomnography were excluded from the study. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses between HbA1c levels and parameters of interest were tested.ResultsSixty-seven (65%) of the studied population had uncontrolled DM (HbA1c ≥7%). In univariate regression analysis, there was a significant positive association between HbA1c, and sleep time spent with an oxygen saturation below 90% (T90), female gender, and body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05) but not AHI, or associated comorbidities (p>0.05). In the multivariate analysis, HbA1c was positively associated with increasing T90 (p<0.05), and ODI (p<0.05), but not with AHI (p>0.05).ConclusionNocturnal hypoxemia could be an important factor affecting glycemic control in patients with OSA suffering from DM irrespective of the severity of both diseases