Direct oral anticoagulants and its implications in dentistry : a review of literature

Four novel direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) named dabigatran, rivaroxaban, edoxaban and apixaban have been recently introduced to overcome some of the drawbacks of existing anticoagulants. They have less interactions and do not require routine monitoring. However, there is not enough scientific data about the protocol to apply in these patients on DOACs undergoing dental treatment. Thus is necessary to evaluate the potential bleeding risk of these drugs, the possibility of thromboembolic events occurring if they are withdrawn or the need to change to heparin previously. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases was conducted to identify studies that evaluated the relationship between direct oral anticoagulants and dental procedures. The quality of the reported information was assessed following the PRISMA statement. Eleven studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review: 2 randomized clinical trials, 3 prospective studies, 3 retrospective studies, 2 case series and 1 case report. DOACs are safe drugs in terms of bleeding. The possible postoperative bleeding complications are manageable with conventional haemostasis measurements. The bridging approach with heparin does not seem to be recommended. Consensus among the professionals involved in the management of the patient is fundamental in invasive dental treatments and in complex patients

Coherencia de Políticas para el Desarrollo: más allá de la AOD

10 p.[Variante del título de la publicación : Boletín electrónico de Hegoa][ESP]La Coherencia de Políticas para el Desarrollo (CPD) surge como un concepto que supera la lógica de la AOD, para afrontar los problemas de desarrollo de manera comprehensiva a escala global. Más allá d e los avances en cuanto a las diferentes aproximaciones teóricas al concepto de CPD, su traslación a la práctica resulta aún muy limitada.[ENG] Policy Coherence for Development (PCD) emerges as a concept that overcomes the logic of ODA, in order to face development issues in a comprehensive and global way. Beyond the advances in the different theoretical approaches to the concept of CPD, its translation into practice is still very limited.Financiación del Gobierno Vasco a través del Convenio de colaboración con el Instituto HEGOA y con el apoyo de la Diputación Foral de Bizkai

Rectal Aberrant Crypt Foci in Humans Are Not Surrogate Markers for Colorectal Cancer Risk

NTRODUCTION: Over the past 20 years, aberrant crypt foci (ACF) have emerged as potential precursors and biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, data regarding their molecular pathogenesis, as well as their endoscopic and histological identification, remain inconsistent. METHODS: A wide cohort of ACF from 100 control subjects and 100 case patients, including patients with adenoma and CRC, were characterized for endoscopic, morphologic, and molecular features. RESULTS: We observed that among all the endoscopic features evaluated, only the number of large ACF correlated with CRC risk (P = 0.003), whereas the histological classification, as assessed by 2 different pathologists, was inconsistent and did not differ between control and case patients. Moreover, only a few APC and BRAF mutations and no microsatellite instability were detected in our samples. KRAS mutations were detected in 16.3% of ACF samples, which also exhibited increased MGMT hypermethylation. However, none of those events were found to be predictive of CRC risk. DISCUSSION: Although ACF might be preneoplastic lesions of the colon, they are not suitable biomarkers for assessing CRC progression

Mutants in the lipopolysaccharide of Brucella ovis are attenuated and protect against B. ovis infection in mice

Incluye 1 fichero de datosBrucella spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that behave as facultative intracellular parasites of a variety of mammals. This genus includes smooth (S) and rough (R) species that carry S and R lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respectively. S-LPS is a virulence factor, and mutants affected in the S-LPS O-polysaccharide (R mutants), core oligosaccharide or both show attenuation. However, B. ovis is naturally R and is virulent in sheep. We studied the role of B. ovis LPS in virulence by mutating the orthologues of wadA, wadB and wadC, three genes known to encode LPS core glycosyltransferases in S brucellae. When mapped with antibodies to outer membrane proteins (Omps) and R-LPS, wadB and wadC mutants displayed defects in LPS structure and outer membrane topology but inactivation of wadA had little or no effect. Consistent with these observations, the wadB and wadC but not the wadA mutants were attenuated in mice. When tested as vaccines, the wadB and wadC mutants protected mice against B. ovis challenge. The results demonstrate that the LPS core is a structure essential for survival in vivo not only of S brucellae but also of a naturally R Brucella pathogenic species, and they confirm our previous hypothesis that the Brucella LPS core is a target for vaccine development. Since vaccine B. melitensis Rev 1 is S and thus interferes in serological testing for S brucellae, wadB mutant represents a candidate vaccine to be evaluated against B. ovis infection of sheep suitable for areas free of B. melitensis.This work was funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (reference project AGL2011-30453-C04) and Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada (FIMA). Financial support to PS-L from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (reference BES-2009-015656), AZ-B from Universidad Pública de Navarra, and BSR from CSIC and European Social Fund (Programa JAE-Doc) are also gratefully acknowledged

Modelling Jets, Tori and Flares in Pulsar Wind Nebulae

In this contribution we review the recent progress in the modelling of Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWN). We start with a brief overview of the relevant physical processes in the magnetosphere, the wind-zone and the inflated nebula bubble. Radiative signatures and particle transport processes obtained from 3D simulations of PWN are discussed in the context of optical and X-ray observations. We then proceed to consider particle acceleration in PWN and elaborate on what can be learned about the particle acceleration from the dynamical structures called GwispsG observed in the Crab nebula. We also discuss recent observational and theoretical results of gamma-ray flares and the inner knot of the Crab nebula, which had been proposed as the emission site of the flares. We extend the discussion to GeV flares from binary systems in which the pulsar wind interacts with the stellar wind from a companion star. The chapter concludes with a discussion of solved and unsolved problems posed by PWN

Variantes genéticas y su relación con la progresión y el pronóstico de la cardiopatía isquémica

La enfermedad cardiovascular es un trastorno complejo, multifactorial, poligénico y con un importante componente ambiental. Este grupo de enfermedades, y en particular la cardiopatía isquémica, ocasionan una gran morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel poblacional. Por lo tanto, la prevención es un elemento importante en todas las políticas de salud pública. En la última década se ha avanzado de manera notable en el conocimiento del componente genético de la cardiopatía isquémica y se han descubierto más de 50 loci asociados con el riesgo de presentar esta enfermedad. Muchos de estos loci no se asocian con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos, y el mecanismo etiopatogénico que explica esta asociación no se conoce. Por otra parte, la variabilidad genética tambén puede explicar parte de la variabilidad interindividual en la respuesta a diferentes fármacos y asociarse al pronóstico de la enfermedad.Cardiovascular disease is a complex, multifactorial, polygenic disorder with an important environment component. This group of diseases, especially ischemic heart disease, causes significant morbidity and mortality at the population level. Therefore, prevention is a key element of relevant public health policies. Over the past decade there has been a significant advance in knowledge of the genetic component of ischemic heart disease; more than 50 loci associated with risk for this disease have been discovered. Many of these loci are not associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and the etiopathogenic mechanism that explains this association is unknown. Moreover, genetic variability may explain part of the interindividual variability in response to different drugs and may be associated with prognosis

Coherencia de Políticas para el Desarrollo: más allá de la AOD

10 p.[Variante del título de la publicación : Boletín electrónico de Hegoa][ESP]La Coherencia de Políticas para el Desarrollo (CPD) surge como un concepto que supera la lógica de la AOD, para afrontar los problemas de desarrollo de manera comprehensiva a escala global. Más allá d e los avances en cuanto a las diferentes aproximaciones teóricas al concepto de CPD, su traslación a la práctica resulta aún muy limitada.[ENG] Policy Coherence for Development (PCD) emerges as a concept that overcomes the logic of ODA, in order to face development issues in a comprehensive and global way. Beyond the advances in the different theoretical approaches to the concept of CPD, its translation into practice is still very limited.Financiación del Gobierno Vasco a través del Convenio de colaboración con el Instituto HEGOA y con el apoyo de la Diputación Foral de Bizkai

REDU : revista de docencia universitaria

Monográfico con el título: 'La Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud'. Resumen tomado de la publicaciónNo le faltan títulos profesionales al profesor Brugada. Ni tampoco prestigio, incluido el internacional, fundamentado en su dilatada experiencia profesional médica. Pero, quizás, su mejor característica es que ha vivido la Medicina en diversos contextos y desde posiciones muy diferentes. A ella ha dedicado todos sus esfuerzos. Con la peculiaridad de que ha sido capaz de integrar de forma exitosa las cuatro grandes dimensiones de este campo profesional: la investigación, la docencia, la práctica clínica y la gestión académica como iniciador y decano de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universitat de Girona.GaliciaES