Assessment of ICT competences with inclusive practice criteria for teacher professional development and educational innovation

El objetivo del estudio fue el diseño de la “Competencia de Prácticas Inclusivas” que se articuló a la ruta “Competencias TIC para el Desarrollo Profesional Docente” Ministerio de Educación Nacional (2013), y de esta manera evaluar integralmente a 30 docentes de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, para reconocer sus necesidades de formación individual o colectiva y formular intervenciones apropiadas. La investigación se sustentó teóricamente en directrices ofrecidas por el MinEducación de Colombia, la Guía para la Inclusión Educativa (Booth y Ainscow, 2011) e investigaciones empíricas desarrolladas en países Latinoamericanos, entre ellos, Colombia. El enfoque de la investigación fue cuantitativo, de diseño descriptivo, el cual permitió establecer que la Competencia de Prácticas Inclusivas integró pertinentemente posturas de la educación inclusiva y criterios del marco funcional de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) en la educación, además, posibilitó conocer la percepción de los docentes frente al nivel de competencia en el que se encontraban; manifestando estar ubicados en un nivel bajo (explorador) en el desarrollo de habilidades para la Competencia de Prácticas Inclusivas.Tabla de contenido Lista de figuras…………………………………………………………………………………….4 Lista de tablas……………………………………………………………………………………..5 Lista de anexos…………………………………………………………………………………….6 1. Problema 7 1.1. Antecedentes del problema 8 1.2. Problema de investigación 18 1.3. Objetivos de investigación 26 1.3.1. Objetivo General. 26 1.3.2. Objetivos Específicos. 26 1.4. Hipótesis 27 1.5. Justificación de la investigación 28 1.6. Limitaciones de la investigación 31 1.7. Delimitación de la investigación 32 2. Marco Teórico 35 2.1. Competencias TIC 35 2.2. Evaluación de las competencias TIC para el desarrollo profesional docente y la innovación educativa. 36 2.2.1. Desarrollo profesional docente. 38 2.2.2. Innovación educativa apoyada por las TIC. 40 2.3. Las TIC y la formación del docente 42 2.3.1. Los estándares TIC para la formación de docentes 50 2.3.2. Guía para la Inclusión Educativa: Desarrollando el Aprendizaje y la Participación en las Escuelas 57 2.4. Las TIC y la educación inclusiva. Retos de la sociedad moderna 60 2.4.1. Prácticas inclusivas. 63 2.4.2. Experiencias significativas en Colombia sobre la apropiación de las TIC en el desarrollo de prácticas inclusivas. 65 2.5. Estado el arte 67 3. Metodología 80 3.1. Método de la investigación 82 3.2. Diseño de la Competencia de prácticas inclusivas y del instrumento de investigación. 85 3.2.1. Matriz de variables de investigación con los criterios de prácticas inclusivas que establece la Guía para la Inclusión Educativa. 85 3.2.2. Matriz de los niveles de Competencia TIC: Explorador, Integrador e Innovador incluyendo los criterios de prácticas inclusivas. 87 3.2.3. Matriz de indicadores de desempeño para los niveles: Explorador, Integrador e Innovador de Competencia de prácticas inclusivas. 91 3.2.4. Instrumento de investigación que integra las competencias TIC definidas por el Ministerio de Educación de Colombia con la competencia de prácticas inclusivas. 92 3.3. Diseño del escenario de evaluación. 94 3.3.1. Población, participantes y selección de la muestra 94 3.3.2. Contexto para la experimentación 96 3.3.3. Instrumento de recolección de datos 97 3.4. Prueba piloto 102 3.4.1. Resultados de la prueba piloto sobre la Dimensión de inclusión. 104 3.5. Análisis de datos 109 4. Resultados 114 4.1. Confrontación con las preguntas de investigación 114 4.2. Análisis de los datos 126 4.2.1. Análisis del instrumento de estudio. 127 4.2.2. Análisis de resultados de la Dimensión de inclusión. 132 4.3. Confiabilidad y validez 135 5. Conclusiones 136 5.1. Resumen de los hallazgos 136 5.2. Recomendaciones 143 6. Glosario 147 7. Referencias 151 8. Anexos 160MaestríaThe aim of this study was the design of the "Inclusive Practices Competences" that was articulated with the path "ICT Skills Teacher Professional Development" Ministry of Education (2013), and thus fully evaluate 30 teachers of an educational institution of the city of Bucaramanga, to recognize their individual and collective needs of training and formulate appropriate interventions. The research is based theoretically on guidelines provided by the Ministry of National Education of Colombia, the Guide to Educational Inclusion (Booth and Ainscow, 2011) and empirical research carried out in Latin American countries, including Colombia. The focus of the research was quantitative descriptive design, which established that the Inclusive Practices Competence integrated positions of inclusive education and functional criteria within the Information Technology and Communication (ICT) in education, in addition, allowed to know the perception of teachers against the level of competence in which they were; manifesting to be located at a low level (Browser) in developing skills of Inclusive Practices Competence

Functional expression and intracellular signaling of UTP-sensitive P2Y receptors in theca-interstitial cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Purinergic receptors are expressed in the ovary of different species; their physiological roles remain to be elucidated. UTP-sensitive P2Y receptor activity may regulate cell proliferation. The aim of the present work was to study the functional expression of these receptors in theca/interstitial cells (TIC).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>TIC were isolated by centrifugation in a Percoll gradient. P2Y receptors and cellular markers in TIC were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Intracellular calcium mobilization induced by purinergic drugs was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, phosphorylation of MAPK p44/p42 and of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) was determined by Western blot and proliferation was quantified by [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>RT-PCR showed expression of p2y2r and p2y6r transcripts, expression of the corresponding proteins was confirmed. UTP and UDP, agonists for P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors, induced an intracellular calcium increase with a maximum of more than 400% and 200% of basal level, respectively. The response elicited by UTP had an EC50 of 3.5 +/- 1.01 μM, while that for UDP was 3.24 +/- 0.82 μM. To explore components of the pathway activated by these receptors, we evaluated the phosphorylation induced by UTP or UDP of MAPK p44 and p42. It was found that UTP increased MAPK phosphorylation by up to 550% with an EC50 of 3.34 +/- 0.92 and 1.41 +/- 0.67 μM, for p44 and p42, respectively; these increases were blocked by suramin. UDP also induced p44/p42 phosphorylation, but at high concentrations. Phosphorylation of p44/p42 was dependent on PKC and intracellular calcium. To explore possible roles of this pathway in cell physiology, cell proliferation and hCG-induced CREB-phosphorylation assays were performed; results showed that agonists increased cell proliferation and prevented CREB-phosphorylation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Here, it is shown that UTP-sensitive P2Y receptors are expressed in cultured TIC and that these receptors had the ability to activate mitogenic signaling pathways and to promote cell proliferation, as well as to prevent CREB-phosphorylation by hCG. Regulation of TIC proliferation and steroidogenesis is relevant in ovarian pathophysiology since theca hyperplasia is involved in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Purinergic receptors described might represent an important new set of molecular therapeutic targets.</p

Clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of biocompound IMMUNEPOTENT CRP in the third-molar extraction

ABSTRACT A controlled, parallel, randomized and comparative trial was carried out to evaluate the antiinflammatory efficacy of IMMUNEPOTENT CRP versus ibuprofen in patients after third-molar surgery over seven days. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of IMMUNEPOTENT CRP was evaluated using the method of Amin and Laskin, and the analysis of cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, INF-g) in saliva was done by flow cytometry. The swelling process after surgery was significant (p < 0.05) and the treatments with IMMUNEPOTENT CRP or ibuprofen controlled this process properly; no difference between the groups was found (p < 0.05). Both treatments were shown to modulate the cytokine production. These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of the natural compound IMMUNEPOTENT CRP and suggest it could be used in clinical dental practice

Análisis del procesamiento de imágenes médicas pulmonares para el diagnóstico y tratamiento del SDRA

El síndrome de dificultad de respiración agudo (SDRA), es una afección pulmonar que dificulta la capacidad de respirar del paciente que lo padece, actualmente se busca apoyo de la tecnología para poder dar un diagnostico preciso. Este soporte se ha buscado entorno al procesamiento de imágenes de los pulmones, de los pacientes con el fin de conocer el estado en el que se encuentran, actualmente existen demasiadas herramientas en e, mercado que pueden ayudar con dicho procesamiento, pero no siempre se obtienen los mejores resultados. El objetivo de este proyecto es generar una herramienta modular que permita tanto adherir como eliminar algoritmos de segmentación de imágenes médicas, y así mantener una herramienta dinámica que genere resultados útiles para el apoyo del tratamiento del SDRA.Fhe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a dangerous syndrome that affects the lungs of a person, making breathing difficult or impossible. This syndrome needs be handled very carefully and for that reasorí doctors looks for technological support, looking for tools and programs that help them with the diagnostic and treatment. Currently there exist many tools that require time to use them effectively and in many cases, those tools don't present the expected results, making the doctor waste his time. The objective of this project is to build a modular tool capable of integrating image segmentation algorithms that helps in executlng a better and more clear segmentation process over the medical images and bring a better support for the ARDS treatmentIngeniero (a) de SistemasPregrad

Water and agriculture

This chapter shows the strong links between water, agriculture and the economy in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC). Both green and blue water are vital for LAC's economies and for its food security. Awareness of LAC's virtual water trade volumes and water footprints alone will not solve the local or global water problems. However, the awareness gained increases the likelihood that optimized water allocation decisions, which consider the hydrological and economical aspects of water resources, are made. • Agriculture is a significant economic sector for many LAC countries with some being major world players in the agricultural commodities world markets, such is the case for Brazil and Argentina who contribute to 13% of the global green water export. At the micro level, agriculture still plays a significant role for the food security of the population. • The consumptive water use of agricultural production was on average 1,057Gm 3 / yr for the period 1996–2005; of which, 95% corresponds to the green water footprint, whereas 5% refers to the blue component. This indicates that LAC relies heavily on green water for agricultural production, i.e. rain-fed agriculture. • Maize is a fundamental crop in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Peru, representing 15% of the total agricultural blue and green water footprint (773,408hm 3 /yr) and contributing to 35% of the agricultural nitrogen pollution, estimated as grey water footprint, in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Only in Mexico, maize contributes 60% of the agricultural grey water footprint. • Grazing represents 24% of the total green water footprint of agriculture in these countries. The blue water consumption by the animal water supply is very significant in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Peru, which amounts to 13% (38,825hm 3 /yr) of the total consumption

Abandono precoz de la lactancia materna exclusiva en menores de 1 año

Introduction: the virtues of breast milk as the only food in children up to 6 months have been universally studied because the viral antibodies present in breast milk have action against: rotavirus, which is the most common causal agent of diarrhea, polyvirus, causal agents of polio, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) main causative agent of infant bronchiolitis.Objective: identify causes related to the abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding in children under one year of age in a polyclinic in Manzanillo.Methodology: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out, with 30 children under one year of age born in the first four months of 2019 at the Manzanillo Polyclinic No. 1. The main variables were: type of breastfeeding received up to 6 months, causes for abandoning exclusive breastfeeding, some maternal risk factors, and some illnesses they suffered. Descriptive statistics were used for data processing.Results: artificial lactation (33.3%) predominated as a form of feeding and exclusive breastfeeding (56.6%) in the first semester of life, the most frequent causes for early abandonment were hypogalactia (53.9) and distrust in its effectiveness (23.1%). Maternal age (38.5%) and occupation (84.6%) were the maternal factors that were most related to the early abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding and the presence of respiratory diseases (61.5%).Conclusions: Infants weaned early had a greater presence of diseases than those adequately breastfed, which ensures that breastfeeding, provides innumerable health benefits. The causes of abandonment were related to subjective aspects of the mother.Introducción: las virtudes de la leche materna como único alimento en el niño hasta los 6 meses han sido universalmente estudiadas porque los anticuerpos virales presentes en la leche materna tienen acción contra: rotavirus que es el agente causal más común de diarreas, polivirus agentes causales de la poliomielitis, virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR) principal agente causal del bronquiolitis del lactante.Objetivo: identificar causas relacionadas con el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva en niños menores de un año en un policlínico de Manzanillo.Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, con 30 niños menores de un año nacidos en el primer cuatrimestre del año 2019 del Policlínico No.1 de Manzanillo. Las variables principales fueron: tipo de lactancia recibida hasta los 6 meses, causas para el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva, algunos factores de riesgo maternos, algunas enfermedades que padecieron. Se empleó la estadística descriptiva para el procesamiento de datos.Resultados: predominó la lactancia artificial (33,3%) como forma de alimentación y la lactancia exclusiva (56,6%) en el primer semestre de la vida, las causas más frecuentes para el abandono precoz fueron la hipogalactia (53,9) y la desconfianza en la efectividad de la misma (23,1%). La edad materna (38,5%) y la ocupación (84,6%) fueron los factores maternos que más se relacionaron con el abandono temprano de la lactancia materna exclusiva y la presencia de enfermedades respiratorias (61,5%).Conclusión: los lactantes destetados precozmente presentaron mayor presencia de enfermedades que los adecuadamente amamantados, lo que asegura que la lactancia materna proporciona innumerables ventajas para la salud. Las causas del abandono se relacionaban con aspectos subjetivos de la madre

Universidad y sociedad. Extensión del conocimiento

Este libro hace un análisis de la educación y propone migrar de una institución educativa a una organización de extensión del conocimiento (Mejía, 2011) toma más fuerza cada día, ya que obtiene una participación más activa en su actuar, y no solo se circunscribe a mejorar la gestión de las áreas funcionales de mercadeo, docencia, investigación, extensión, financiera, tecnología y administración (Gutiérrez, 2011), también cuenta con una visión más sistémica para conseguir la felicidad social y de las personas que conforman la organización educativa

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (&gt;66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions