HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK AKSEPTOR KB SUNTIK DMPA DENGAN KEJADIAN MENOMTERORRHAGIA DI LIMA PUSKESMAS KOTA PADANG TAHUN 2015

Pengunaan kontrasepsi suntik berisi progestin secara berkala dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kadar progesterone dalam darah. Jika peningkatan ini tidak disertai dengan peningkatan estrogen dalam darah, maka dapat menyebabkan progesterone breakthrough bleeding (BTB). Hal ini terjadi karena rasio jumlah progesterone serum dan estrogen serum yang terlalu senjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik akseptor KB suntik dengan kejadian menometrorrhagia di lima Puskesmas Kota Padang selama tahun 2015. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di lima Puskesmas di Kota Padang menggunakan data rekam medik / form registrasi kohor KB akseptor KB suntik yang mengalami menometrorrhagia dan tidak mengalami menometrorrhagia. Sampel yang terkumpul sebanyak 22 orang yang mengalami menometrorrhagia dan 59 orang yang tidak mengalami menometrorrhagia. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan 553 akseptor KB suntik DMPA dari 5 Puskesmas. Berdasarkan kelompok usia, terdapat 21 orang yang berusia kurang dari 20 tahun, 414 orang berusia 21-35 tahun, dan 118 orang berusia lebih dari 35 tahun. Berdasarkan kelompok paritas, terdapat 18 orang nullipara, 99 orang primipara, dan 436 multipara. Dari 22 orang yang mengalami menometrorrhagia pasca injeksi KB suntik DMPA, 2 orang diantaranya berusia kurang dari 20 tahun, 12 orang berusia 21 – 35 tahun, dan 8 orang lainnya berusia lebih dari 35 tahun. Berdasarkan paritas, 2 orang nullipara, 7 primipara, dan 13 multipara. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan p value usia dan paritas berturut-turut adalah 0,00 dan 0,166. Jadi dapat disimpulkan; kelompok usia yang paling banyak menggunakan KB suntik DMPA adalah 21 -35 tahun, kelompok paritas yang paling banyak menggunakan KB suntik DMPA adalah multipara, terdapat hubungan usia akseptor KB suntik DMPA dengan kejadian menometrorrhagia, dan tidak terdapat hubungan paritas akseptor KB suntik DMPA dengan kejadian menometrorrhagia. Kata kunci: KB Suntik DMPA, Menometrorrhagia, BT

TCP Using Adaptive FEC to Improve Throughput Performance in High-Latency Environments

Packet losses significantly degrade TCP performance in high-latency environments. This is because TCP needs at least one round-trip time (RTT) to recover lost packets. The recovery time will grow longer, especially in high-latency environments. TCP keeps transmission rate low while lost packets are recovered, thereby degrading throughput. To prevent this performance degradation, the number of retransmissions must be kept as low as possible. Therefore, we propose a scheme to apply a technology called “forward error correction” (FEC) to the entire TCP operation in order to improve throughput. Since simply applying FEC might not work effectively, three function, namely, controlling redundancy level and transmission rate, suppressing the return of duplicate ACKs, interleaving redundant packets, were devised. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme was demonstrated by simulation evaluations in high-latency environments

Enantioselective construction of quaternary N-heterocycles by palladium-catalysed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of lactams

The enantioselective synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles (N-heterocycles) represents a substantial chemical research effort and resonates across numerous disciplines, including the total synthesis of natural products and medicinal chemistry. In this Article, we describe the highly enantioselective palladium-catalysed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of readily available lactams to form 3,3-disubstituted pyrrolidinones, piperidinones, caprolactams and structurally related lactams. Given the prevalence of quaternary N-heterocycles in biologically active alkaloids and pharmaceutical agents, we envisage that our method will provide a synthetic entry into the de novo asymmetric synthesis of such structures. As an entry for these investigations we demonstrate how the described catalysis affords enantiopure quaternary lactams that intercept synthetic intermediates previously used in the synthesis of the Aspidosperma alkaloids quebrachamine and rhazinilam, but that were previously only available by chiral auxiliary approaches or as racemic mixtures

Effect of high-fat diet on phosphorus absorption

Objective: Dietary carbohydrate/fat ratio may affect phosphorus metabolism because both calcium and phosphorus are regulated by similar metabolic mechanisms, and a high-fat diet (HF) induces deleterious effects on the absorption of dietary calcium. We hypothesized that the HF induces an increase in phosphorus absorption; therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of differences in the quantity and quality of dietary fat on phosphorus metabolism over the short and long term. Research Methods & Procedures: Eighteen 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed an isocaloric diet containing varied carbohydrate/fat energy ratio and sources of fat (control diet [Control], HF, and high saturated-fat diet [HF-SFA]). At 3 days and 7 weeks after the allocation and initiation of the test diets, feces and urine were collected and used for phosphorus and calcium measurement. Results: The fecal phosphorous concentration (F-Pi) was lower in the HF-SFA group than in the other two groups; however, the urine phosphorus concentration (U-Pi) was significantly higher in the HF-SFA group than the other two groups when the rats were fed over the short (p<0.01) and long term (p<0.01 vs Control group, p<0.05 vs HF group). There were no significant differences in type-IIa sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-2a) and type-IIc sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-2c) mRNA expression, which are renal phosphate transport-related genes; however, the expression of type-IIb sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-2b) and type-III sodium-phosphate cotransporter (Pit-1) mRNA in the duodenum was higher in the HF and HF-SFA groups than in the Control group (p<0.05), although there were no significant differences in these in the jejunum. Conclusions: Our results indicated that HF, particularly HF-SFA, increases intestinal phosphate absorption compared with Control

A TIM-3/Gal-9 Autocrine Stimulatory Loop Drives Self-Renewal of Human Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells and Leukemic Progression

SummarySignaling mechanisms underlying self-renewal of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are poorly understood, and identifying pathways specifically active in LSCs could provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention. T-cell immunoglobin mucin-3 (TIM-3) is expressed on the surface of LSCs in many types of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but not on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we show that TIM-3 and its ligand, galectin-9 (Gal-9), constitute an autocrine loop critical for LSC self-renewal and development of human AML. Serum Gal-9 levels were significantly elevated in AML patients and in mice xenografted with primary human AML samples, and neutralization of Gal-9 inhibited xenogeneic reconstitution of human AML. Gal-9-mediated stimulation of TIM-3 co-activated NF-κB and β-catenin signaling, pathways known to promote LSC self-renewal. These changes were further associated with leukemic transformation of a variety of pre-leukemic disorders and together highlight that targeting the TIM-3/Gal-9 autocrine loop could be a useful strategy for treating myeloid leukemias

Boc保護イミン前駆体としてのBoc保護アミナールの開発と合成反応への応用

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第17773号理博第3896号新制||理||1562(附属図書館)30580京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻(主査)教授 丸岡 啓二, 教授 大須賀 篤弘, 教授 時任 宣博学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDGA