Features of functioning of modern model of payment system of Ukraine

Представлена в роботі парадигма оновленої платіжної системи України передбачає всеохоплюючу діджиталізацію суспільства, розвиток фінтеху, максимально налаштованого на пропозицію та надання платіжних послуг, відкриття доступу до платіжних систем і послуг через спрощення регуляторних процедур і правил, а також їх законодавчого закріплення. Запропоновано забезпечити максимальну доступність і зручність платіжних сервісів для користувачів через створення широкої конкуренції у сфері платіжних послуг, що сприятиме виходу на платіжний ринок нових суб’єктів, а також модернізації та осучасненню платіжних систем у технічному, технологічному, інформаційному, безпековому плані. Представленими основними напрямами розвитку платіжної системи України через її реформування передбачається, що головним вектором реформи платіжної системи України, яку необхідно проводити з використанням методологічних підходів до її розробки та реалізації, повинно стати спрощення процедур доступу для надання платіжної послуги установам (компаніям, організаціям), отримання клієнтом якісної платіжної послуги та подальша інтеграція платіжної системи України у світову.The paradigm of the renewed payment system of Ukraine presented in the work envisages comprehensive digitalization of society, development of fintech, set up to offer and provide payment services, to open access to payment systems and services through simplification of regulatory procedures and rules and their legislative consolidation. It is proposed to ensure maximum availability and convenience of payment services for users by creating broad competition in the field of payment services, which shall facilitate the entry of new entities into the payment market, as well as modernize payment systems in technical, technological, informational and security spheres. The main directions of development of the payment system of Ukraine assume that the main vector of the reform of the payment system of Ukraine, that shall be carried out using methodological approaches to its development and implementation, shall be simplification of access procedures for provision payment services to institutions (companies, organizations), receipt by the client of high-quality payment service and further integration of the payment system of Ukraine into the world. Methodological and strategic tasks for reforming the payment system of Ukraine are developed, as well as mechanisms for their implementation are proposed. Based on the analysis of the functioning of payment systems of the national economy, legislative and regulatory framework, as well as inefficient principles and rules of their operation and regulation, updated methodological approaches to the functioning of the payment system of Ukraine are proposed to their further integration into the European and world payment space and provision of quality payment services, as well as with the involvement of new subjects. The conceptual and categorical apparatus for the updated payment sphere with reflection of the offered necessary changes is developed. The methodological bases of functioning of the renewed payment system of the country that provide formation of necessary criteria, mechanisms and techniques for successful realization of the author's study are developed. Criteria for the efficiency of payment systems are developed, as well as the method for determining the efficiency of the payment system (Еps). Proposed method shall help to make a comparative analysis of the payment systems of the same segment of the payment service. Proposals for licensing of payment system participants are developed, which shall stipulate that it is not necessary to require participation in the payment system or its creation in order to provide payment services. Legislative consolidation of this important provision is proposed. Payment service providers can become participants in a payment or settlement system under conditions of functional necessity to perform a payment transaction, which is an important aspect of the paradigm of updating the payment system of Ukraine. The role of the NBU in the renewed payment system of the country as a regulator is outlined and defined, the NBU shall be responsible for modifying the payment system of the country in order to modernize it and comply with European and international standards, that provides development and introduction of legislative proposals for the possibility of their further implementation in the practice of the payment sphere

NCAM regulates temporal specification of neural progenitor cells via profilin2 during corticogenesis

The development of cerebral cortex requires spatially and temporally orchestrated proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). The molecular mechanisms underlying cortical development are, however, not fully understood. The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been suggested to play a role in corticogenesis. Here we show that NCAM is dynamically expressed in the developing cortex. NCAM expression in NPCs is highest in the neurogenic period and declines during the gliogenic period. In mice bearing an NPC-specific NCAM deletion, proliferation of NPCs is reduced, and production of cortical neurons is delayed, while formation of cortical glia is advanced. Mechanistically, NCAM enhances actin polymerization in NPCs by interacting with actin-associated protein profilin2. NCAM-dependent regulation of NPCs is blocked by mutations in the profilin2 binding site. Thus, NCAM plays an essential role in NPC proliferation and fate decision during cortical development by regulating profilin2-dependent actin polymerization

Magnetite and maghemite nanocrystals: variation of synthesis and stabilization conditions

The effect of synthesis, growth, and stabilization conditions (temperature, heat treatment duration, concentration and ratios of ions) on characteristics of magnetite and maghemite particles have been studied. The influence of the synthesis conditions on the magnetite nanoparticle surface character has been investigated. The magnetic properties of colloid solutions have been characterized.Вивчено вплив умов синтезу, росту і стабілізації на характеристики частинок магнетиту та магеміту: температури, тривалості термічної обробки, концентрації та співвідношення іонів. Досліджено впливу умов синтезу на характер поверхні наночастинок магнетиту. Охарактеризовано магнітні властивості колоїдних розчинів.Изучено влияние условий синтеза, роста и стабилизации на характеристики частиц магнетита и магемита: температуры, времени термообработки, концентрации и соотношения ионов. Исследовано влияние условий синтеза на характер поверхности наночастиц магнетита. Охарактеризованы магнитные свойства коллоидных растворов

ECOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTION LAVELS OF WATER AND SEDIMENTS OF NIVKA RIVER NEAR THE AIRPORT «KYIV»

The results of hydrochemical analyses and biotesting of surface water and sediments of Nivka river near the airport «Kiev» are presented. Exceeding of maximum permissible values for a number of indexes (COD, BOD5, ammonia and nitrates) and considerable contamination of surface water and sediments by oil products and some of heavy metals is demonstrated

HEAVY METALS IN ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC COMPONENTS OF AQUACULTURE HYDROECOSYSTEM “ISHKHAN”

Purpose. To determine the heavy metal content in abiotic components (water and bottom sediments of tanks), feeds, organs and tissues of rainbow trout in the conditions of industrial aquaculture. Methodology. The materials for the study were 1+ rainbow trout cultivated in 2011–2012, which were produced from brood rainbow trout reared in the tank aquaculture farm “Ishkhan”. Experimental fish were collected from rearing tanks №№ 3–4. Mean fish weight was 466 g with mean fork length of 36 cm. Fish stocking density at the final stage of rearing was 50 kg/m3 or 100 fish/m2. Fish were kept according to standard salmon culture methods. Quantitative determination of heavy metal concentrations in water, bottom sediments and fish were performed by direct suction of solution in propane-butane-air flame with the aid of absorption spectrophotometer S-115-M1. Findings. The results of the performed studies include the determined ecological state of rearing tanks and quality of marketable rainbow trout of the fish farm “Ishkhan” by the above-mentioned characteristics. Main hydrochemical parameters, which characterized water quality, complied with aquaculture norms. However, a tendency for an increase in heavy metal content was noted in bottom sediments. In particular, an increased content of copper, nickel as well as toxic elements – lead and cadmium was observed. Originality. First study of the ecological state of rearing tanks of the fish farm “Ishkhan”. Practical value. The obtained results of the ecological state of rearing tanks of the fish farm “Ishkhan” will allow crating optimum conditions for fish rearing

PROBLEMATIC POLYPHARMACY IN OUTPATIENT THERAPY OF CHILDREN: POTENTIAL RISKS OF DRUG INTERACTIONS

Relevance. The development of medical and pharmaceutical technologies has allowed ensuring the quality of life of children even with severe chronic diseases, but often the treatment of such children is associated with polypharmacy. Objective is to assess the risks of drug interactions in children with polypharmacy. Materials and methods. The course of pharmacotherapy of 54 children with atopic diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, parasitic infestation, inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, etc. aged from birth to 17 years, who received simultaneously from 5 to 11 drugs (average 6.4 ± 1.5 drugs) Results. Problematic polypharmacy was founded in 31 children (75.0% of schoolchildren and 38.5% of preschool children) with polypharmacy. Among them, 22 patients (71.0%) had pharmacokinetic risks, and 17 children (54.8%) had pharmacodynamic interactions. Among the causes of pharmacokinetic interaction – the use of inhibitors (omeprazole, etc.) and inducers (phenobarbital, St. John's wort, etc.) metabolism, pharmacodynamic interaction – the simultaneous use of several glucocorticoids, drugs with similar organ toxicity, and more. Conclusions. Outpatient use of 5 or more drugs is combined in more than half of children at risk of their interaction, development of side effects or reduced effectiveness of treatment

Remediation Potential of Forest Forming Tree Species Within Northern Steppe Reclamation Stands

The aim of the research was to study the features of accumulation of heavy metals by assimilation apparatus of coniferous and deciduous arboreous plants. The research identified excess of factual concentrations for Arsenic in mining rock in relation to values stated in IPC (indicative permissible concentrations). It is stated that the metals can be divided into three groups according to their absolute content in unit of foliage biomass. The element of excessive concentration is Mn, medium concentration is characteristic for Pb and Zn and low concentration is observed for Sb, Cr, As, Cu, Ni and Sn. Calculation of coefficient of biological accumulation of the metals under research has shown its high values for Crimean pine. The data presented for Black locust indicate low values of coefficient of biological accumulation, which is best noticeable for Chromium, Antimony and Tin. It is determined that a small amount of Sb and Sn are a subject to uptake by Black locust leaves, whilst for Crimean pine needles, Sb and As are characterised by the lowest inflow. The average content of lead is 209.11 kg·ha−1 for Crimean pine in all age groups of trees, whilst for Black locust, this index is only 15.52 kg·ha−1, which is 13.5 times less. Zinc accumulation is better performed by Black locust leaves, and it gradually decreases with increasing age. No definite trend of redistribution and subsequent accumulation of copper depending on tree species and age was found

An All-Solution-Based Hybrid CMOS-Like Quantum Dot/Carbon Nanotube Inverter

The development of low-cost, flexible electronic devices is subordinated to the advancement in solution-based and low-temperature-processable semiconducting materials, such as colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Here, excellent compatibility of QDs and SWCNTs as a complementary pair of semiconducting materials for fabrication of high-performance complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-like inverters is demonstrated. The n-type field effect transistors (FETs) based on I- capped PbS QDs (V-th = 0.2 V, on/off = 10(5), SS-th = 114 mV dec(-1), mu(e) = 0.22 cm(2) V-1 s(-1)) and the p-type FETs with tailored parameters based on low-density random network of SWCNTs (V-th = -0.2 V, on/off > 10(5), SS-th = 63 mV dec(-1), mu(h) = 0.04 cm(2) V-1 s(-1)) are integrated on the same substrate in order to obtain high-performance hybrid inverters. The inverters operate in the sub-1 V range (0.9 V) and have high gain (76 V/V), large maximum-equal-criteria noise margins (80%), and peak power consumption of 3 nW, in combination with low hysteresis (10 mV)