Разработка методики количественного анализа целевого и побочных продуктов синтеза 1,3-бис(3,4-дицианофенокси)бензола методом ВЭЖХ

Objectives. Determination of target products and byproducts is necessary for the quality control of phthalonitrile monomer synthesis as well as production scaling and performing related kinetic studies. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a simple and affordable method for quantitative chemical analysis, which also verifies the quality of raw materials. The objective of this study was to develop an HPLC technique for determining the composition of the reaction mixture in the synthesis of 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene (DPB).Methods. Reversed-phase HPLC was used to quantitatively analyze the reaction mixture.Results. A simple and rapid method for the quantitative HPLC analysis of phthalonitrile monomers and their mixtures with reagents was developed. Reaction times and the accumulation of byproducts were also studied.Conclusions. The successful performance of the developed technique allows us to recommend it for practical applications. The results obtained for reactors of different sizes have good convergence, and DPB synthesis was successfully scaled up to intermediate scale equipment.Цели. Для аналитического контроля производства фталонитрильных мономеров, изучения масштабирования технологии их получения и проведения кинетических исследований актуальна задача по разработке способа определения концентрации целевого и побочных продуктов в присутствии реагентов. Наиболее простым и доступным методом количественного анализа рассматриваемых соединений является высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография (ВЭЖХ), позволяющая также проводить верификацию сырья и контроль качества готовой продукции. Цель данной работы заключалась в разработке методики количественного анализа компонентов реакционной смеси при синтезе 1,3-бис(3,4-дицианофенокси)бензола (ДБФ) методом ВЭЖХ.Методы. Для количественного анализа компонентов реакционной смеси использовали метод ВЭЖХ в обращенно-фазовом режиме.Результаты. Разработана простая и быстрая методика количественного анализа фталонитрильных мономеров и их смесей с реагентами методом ВЭЖХ. По данным исследования конверсии компонентов реакционной смеси сделан вывод о продолжительности реакции и накоплении побочных продуктов.Выводы. Успешная апробация позволяет рекомендовать разработанную методику для применения в аналитической практике. Результаты, полученные при переходе от реакции в колбе к реактору объемом 15 л, характеризуются хорошей сходимостью. Синтез ДФБ успешно масштабируется на оборудование промежуточного масштаба

Magnetic phenomena in co-containing layered double hydroxides

Magnetic behavior of CoII(n)AlIII layered double hydroxides (LDHs) (n=Co/Al=2 and 3) intercalated with nitrate was studied as a function of temperature. Both LDH compounds are paramagnetic above about 8K. A rapid increase of their magnetic moments occurs below this temperature until the moments reach the maximum values at Tmax of 4.0K and 3.2K for Co(2)Al-NO3 and Co(3)Al-NO3, respectively. Below Tmax, the zero-field-cooled and the field-cooled static magnetization curves are strongly different. Along with this low-temperature phenomena, Co(2)Al-NO3 and Co(3)Al-NO3 demonstrate anomalous behavior of their temperature dependence magnetic susceptibility in a highertemperature range: between 75 and 175K, both the paramagnetic Curie temperature and the effective magnetic moment change in a non-monotonous way. Possible structural reasons of the observed magnetic behavior of the CoII(n)AlIII LDHs are discussed.publishe

ВНУТРИПУЗЫРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ РАКА МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ

Intravesical chemo/immunotherapy is a constituent of combination treatment for bladder cancer and widely used after transurethral resection of the tumor. The goal of intravesical therapy is to reduce the risk of a recurrence and progression of the disease, by exerting a direct cytotoxic effect on malignancy. The unique properties of the bladder make it possible to constantly improve the existing local therapy options and to develop novel ones, such as intravesical electrophoresis, local hyperthermia, gene therapy, and the use of penetrants and magnetic particles. The given review combines the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, the histoarchitectonic features of the bladder, the present and future of intravesical therapy.Внутрипузырная химио-/иммунотерапия является составной частью комплексного лечения рака мочевого пузыря и широко применяется после трансуретральной резекции опухоли. Цель интравезикальной терапии состоит в снижении риска развития рецидива и прогрессии заболевания за счет прямого цитотоксического воздействия на злокачественное новообразование. Уникальные свойства мочевого пузыря позволяют постоянно совершенствовать существующие и создавать новые методы местного лечения, такие как внутрипузырный электрофорез, локальная гипертермия, генная терапия, применение веществ-пенетрантов и магнитных частиц. Представленный обзор объединяет физико-химические свойства и фармакокинетическую характеристику лекарств, особенности гистоархитектоники мочевого пузыря, настоящее и будущее внутрипузырной терапии

Production of {\pi}+ and K+ mesons in argon-nucleus interactions at 3.2 AGeV

First physics results of the BM@N experiment at the Nuclotron/NICA complex are presented on {\pi}+ and K+ meson production in interactions of an argon beam with fixed targets of C, Al, Cu, Sn and Pb at 3.2 AGeV. Transverse momentum distributions, rapidity spectra and multiplicities of {\pi}+ and K+ mesons are measured. The results are compared with predictions of theoretical models and with other measurements at lower energies.Comment: 29 pages, 20 figure

The BM@N spectrometer at the NICA accelerator complex

BM@N (Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron) is the first experiment operating and taking data at the Nuclotron/NICA ion-accelerating complex.The aim of the BM@N experiment is to study interactions of relativistic heavy-ion beams with fixed targets. We present a technical description of the BM@N spectrometer including all its subsystems.Comment: 34 pages, 47 figures, 6 table

The Phylogenetics and Ecology of the Orthopoxviruses Endemic to North America

The data presented herein support the North American orthopoxviruses (NA OPXV) in a sister relationship to all other currently described Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) species. This phylogenetic analysis reaffirms the identification of the NA OPXV as close relatives of “Old World” (Eurasian and African) OPXV and presents high support for deeper nodes within the Chordopoxvirinae family. The natural reservoir host(s) for many of the described OPXV species remains unknown although a clear virus-host association exists between the genus OPXV and several mammalian taxa. The hypothesized host associations and the deep divergence of the OPXV/NA OPXV clades depicted in this study may reflect the divergence patterns of the mammalian faunas of the Old and New World and reflect a more ancient presence of OPXV on what are now the American continents. Genes from the central region of the poxvirus genome are generally more conserved than genes from either end of the linear genome due to functional constraints imposed on viral replication abilities. The relatively slower evolution of these genes may more accurately reflect the deeper history among the poxvirus group, allowing for robust placement of the NA OPXV within Chordopoxvirinae. Sequence data for nine genes were compiled from three NA OPXV strains plus an additional 50 genomes collected from Genbank. The current, gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis reaffirms the identification of the NA OPXV as the nearest relatives of “Old World” OPXV and presents high support for deeper nodes within the Chordopoxvirinae family. Additionally, the substantial genetic distances that separate the currently described NA OPXV species indicate that it is likely that many more undescribed OPXV/NA OPXV species may be circulating among wild animals in North America

Measurements of π±\pi ^\pm , K±K^\pm , p and pˉ\bar{p} spectra in 7^7Be+9^9Be collisions at beam momenta from 19A to 150A GeV ⁣/ ⁣c{\mathrm{Ge} \mathrm{V}}\!/\!c with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS

The NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) studies the onset of deconfinement in hadron matter by a scan of particle production in collisions of nuclei with various sizes at a set of energies covering the SPS energy range. This paper presents results on inclusive double-differential spectra, transverse momentum and rapidity distributions and mean multiplicities of π ± π± , K ± K± , p and p ¯ p¯ produced in the 20% most central 7 7 Be+ 9 9 Be collisions at beam momenta of 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150A GeV/c GeV/c . The energy dependence of the K ± K± /π ± π± ratios as well as of inverse slope parameters of the K ± K± transverse mass distributions are close to those found in inelastic p+p reactions. The new results are compared to the world data on p+p and Pb+Pb collisions as well as to predictions of the Epos, Urqmd, Ampt, Phsd and Smash models