Selection of Therapeutic Strategies after Preoperative Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer

Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China, which is mainly middle and low rectal cancer. Due to the particularity of the physiological and anatomical location of the rectum and the neglect of the relevant clinical symptoms, patients with rectal cancer in real life often have the local progression stage. A large number of studies have shown that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy should be performed in such patients, to achieve tumor downstaging before rectal cancer surgery. In this study, different treatment measures for rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy are presented

Exploration of Treatment in Patients with T3 Rectal Cancer with EMVI

To explore the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, combined with surgery and direct surgery in patients with stage T3 rectal cancer combined with EMVI. Method: The clinical data of patients with extragastrointestinal middle and low rectal cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2015 to May 2019 were retrospective reviewed, including 59 patients in the neoadjuvant treatment group (neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy + surgical treatment) and 71 patients in the direct surgery group. Both groups underwent total rectal total membrane resection. Data and Methods:The concurrent chemotherapy regimens were all included in the XELOX regimen. The RT was performed by IMRT with D T 45 to 50.4 G y, from 1.8 to 2.0 G y each, for 25 to 28 sessions. Perioperative conditions, postoperative pathology and follow-up of the two groups were observed. Results: There was no significant difference in postoperative conditions (gastrointestinal function recovery time, postoperative drainage drainage, postoperative time of drainage removal) between the neoadjuvant treatment group and the direct surgery group (P> 0. 05); The length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly different (P <0.05); No significant operation time occurred between the neoadjuvant treatment group (264 min vs. 239 min) and the surgical group, (P> 0. 05)；The amount of intraoperative bleeding (85.7ml vs.110.0 ml), the number of lymph node dissection (11 vs. 13), the lymph node positive rate (27.12% vs.43.6%) betweenthe neoadjuvant treatment group and the direct surgery group had statistical significant (P＜0. 05); The 3-yearrecurrence-free survival (93.2 %) rate was higher in the neoadjuvant treatment group than in the direct surgery group (74.6 %), which was significant (P <0.05); The 3-year survival rate (98.30,% vs. 85.9 %) was significantly significant (P <0.05); There was no significant difference in the anal preservation rate (71.19% vs. 80.28%) (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: The neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy improves the recurrence-free survival rate of locally advanced rectal cancer, and has no obvious effect on the postoperative complications rate, anal preservation rate and gastrointestinal function recovery

Function analysis of GhWRKY53 regulating cotton resistance to verticillium wilt by JA and SA signaling pathways

WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in regulating the mechanism of plant self-defense. However, the function of most WRKY TFs in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is still unknown. Hence, studying the molecular mechanism of WRKY TFs in the resistance of cotton to Verticillium dahliae is of great significance to enhancing cotton disease resistance and improving its fiber quality. In this study, Bioinformatics has been used to characterize the cotton WRKY53 gene family. we analyzed the GhWRKY53 expression patterns in different resistant upland cotton cultivars treated with salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Additionally, GhWRKY53 was silenced using a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to determine the contribution of GhWRKY53 to V. dahliae resistance in cotton. The result showed that GhWRKY53 mediated SA and MeJA signal transduction pathways. After VIGS of the GhWRKY53, the ability of cotton to resist V. dahliae decreased, indicating that the GhWRKY53 could be involved in the disease resistance mechanism of cotton. Studies on the levels of SA and jasmonic acid (JA) and their related pathway genes demonstrated that the silencing of GhWRKY53 inhibited the SA pathway and activated the JA pathway, thereby reducing the resistance of plants to V. dahliae. In conclusion, GhWRKY53 could change the tolerance of upland cotton to V. dahliae by regulating the expression of SA and JA pathway-related genes. However, the interaction mechanism between JA and SA signaling pathways in cotton in response to V. dahliae requires further study

Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts nitrogen source preferences: Impact on sequential fermentation and wine volatile compounds profile

Nitrogen sources in the must are important for yeast metabolism, growth, and performance, and wine volatile compounds profile. Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) deficiencies in grape must are one of the main causes of stuck and sluggish fermentation. The nitrogen requirement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism has been described in detail. However, the YAN preferences of non-Saccharomyces yeasts remain unknown despite their increasingly widespread use in winemaking. Furthermore, the impact of nitrogen consumption by non-Saccharomyces yeasts on YAN availability, alcoholic performance and volatile compounds production by S. cerevisiae in sequential fermentation has been little studied. With a view to improving the use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in winemaking, we studied the use of amino acids and ammonium by three strains of non-Saccharomyces yeasts (Starmerella bacillaris, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and Pichia membranifaciens) in grape juice. We first determined which nitrogen sources were preferentially used by these yeasts in pure cultures at 28 and 20°C (because few data are available). We then carried out sequential fermentations at 20°C with S. cerevisiae, to assess the impact of the non-Saccharomyces yeasts on the availability of assimilable nitrogen for S. cerevisiae. Finally, 22 volatile compounds were quantified in sequential fermentation and their levels compared with those in pure cultures of S. cerevisiae. We report here, for the first time, that non-Saccharomyces yeasts have specific amino-acid consumption profiles. Histidine, methionine, threonine, and tyrosine were not consumed by S. bacillaris, aspartic acid was assimilated very slowly by M. pulcherrima, and glutamine was not assimilated by P. membranifaciens. By contrast, cysteine appeared to be a preferred nitrogen source for all non-Saccharomyces yeasts. In sequential fermentation, these specific profiles of amino-acid consumption by non-Saccharomyces yeasts may account for some of the interactions observed here, such as poorer performances of S. cerevisiae and volatile profile changes

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Rule Warehouse System For Knowledge Sharing And Business Collaboration

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy RULE WAREHOUSE SYSTEM FOR KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND BUSINESS COLLABORATION by Youzhong Liu August 2001 Chairman: Dr. Stanley Y. W. Su Cochairman: Dr. Herman Lam Major Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering In collaborative e-business, the business rules of different business partners need to be shared electronically and be used to solve business problems collaboratively. To achieve this, a neutral knowledge representation is needed to translate heterogeneous rules into the neutral representation so that: . Pair-wise translations between rule representations can be avoided

A metabolomic study of yeast/bacteria interactions

Le vin en tant qu’écosystème complexe est un modèle particulièrement intéressant pour l’étudie des interactions entre les microorganismes. L’interaction sans contact celluaire (interaction indirecte) entre la levure Saccharomyces cerevisae et la bactérie lactique Oenococcus oeni a un effect direct sur l’induction et l'achèvement de la fermentation malolactique (FML), une fermentation très importante pour la qualité du vin. Une souche levurienne peut être classée FML+ si elle stimule la croissance bactérienne et FML- si elle a un effet inhibiteur. Les métabolites connus qui inhibent ou stimulent la FML ne permettent pas toujours d’expliquer cette distinction phénotypique. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avon développé un workflow multidisciplinaire qui combine l’approche métabolomique non ciblée, l’analyse classique ciblée, les statistiques et les réseaux. L’objectif premier était de dévoiler des métabolites levuriens impliqués dans l’interaction entre levures et bactéries par une comparaison directe des exométabolome des deux phénotypes.À cet effet et pour la première fois dans l’éude d’interactions inter-espèces, la Spectrométrie de Masse à Résonance Cyclotronique des Ions et à Transformée de Fourier (FT-ICR-MS) et la Chromatographie Liquide couplée à la Spectrométrie de Masses (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) ont été combinées. Pour mieux visualiser les données à haut débit générées par les deux plate-formes, une méthode statistique non supervisée MetICA a été developpée et validée. Par rapport à l’analyse en composantes principales (ACP), cette nouvelle méthode peut réduire la dimension des données d'une façon plus robuste et fiable. Afin d’extraire des métabolites impliquées dans la distinction phénotypique, nous avons comparé différentes methodes de classification et choisi la meilleure pour chaque jeu de données. Les structures putatives de ces biomarqueurs ont été validés par la spectrométrie de masse MS/MS et leurs rôles physiologiques sur la croissance bactérienne ont été confirmées in vitro. La découverte de biomarqueurs a été complétée par l’analyse ciblée réalisées par Chromatographie en Phase Liquide à Haute Performance (HPLC). La complémentarité entre les différentes techniques métabolomiques a conduit à l’identification de nouveaux biomarqueurs de familles distinctes, comme des composés phénoliques, des sucres, des nucléotides, des acides aminés et des peptides. En outre , l'analyse des réseaux métaboliques a révélé des liens entre les biomarqueurs de levure et a suggéré des voies bactériennes influencés par l’exo-métabolome de levure.Notre workflow multidisciplinaire a révélé une réelle capacité à identifier des signatures moléculaires nouvelles et inattendues de l’interaction levure-bactérie.As a complex microbial ecosystem, wine is a particularly interesting model for studying interactions between microorganisms. Contact-independent interactions (indirect interactions) between the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae and the lactic acid bacterium Oenococcus oeni have a direct effect on malolactic fermentation (MLF), induction and completion, which is an important factor in wine quality. Yeast strains could be classified as MLF+ phenotype if it usually stimulates the bacterial growth or MLF- in the opposite case. The known metabolites that stimulate or inhibit the MLF cannot always explain the phenotypic distinction. In this work, a multidisciplinary workflow combining non-targeted metabolomics, targeted analysis, statistics and network was developed. The main objective was to unravel diverse yeast metabolites involved in yeast-bacteria interaction via a direct comparison of exo-metabolomes of MLF+ and MLF- phenotypes.To that purpose, and for the first time in the research of interspecies microbial interactions, two metabolomics platforms, Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance -Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) were used in combination. To better visualize the high-throughput data generated from the two platforms, a novel unsupervised statistical method, the MetICA was developed and validated. Compared to classical principal component analysis (PCA), the new method reduced the data dimension in a more robust and reliable way. To extract metabolic features involved in the phenotypic distinction, we have compared different statistical classifiers and selected the best one for each dataset. Putative structures of these biomarkers were validated via MS/MS fragmentation analysis and their physiological roles to bacteria were confirmed in vitro. The discovery of biomarkers was complemented by targeted HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis. The complementarities between different analytical techniques led to new biomarkers of distinct chemical families, such as phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, nucleotides, amino acids and peptides. Furthermore, metabolic network analysis has revealed connections between yeast biomarkers and suggested bacterial pathways influenced by yeast exo-metabolome.Our multidisciplinary workflow has shown its ability to find new and unexpected molecular evidence of wine yeast-bacteria interaction