The theory and phenomenology of constitutional dismemberment

One of the most spectacle features anchored in Richard Albert’s Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions is the theory of constitutional dismemberment. In his masterpiece, Albert proposes constitutional designers who are interested in preserving legal continuity to codify procedures for not only amendment but also dismemberment, namely, a fundamental break with the core commitments or presuppositions of the constitution. This contribution questions whether the objectivist, third-person perspective of constitutional designers can be a vantage viewpoint to assesses the socially transformative irruption of constitutional dismemberment. Should the phenomenon of constitutional dismemberment be analyzed without the relative-subjective perspective of peoples who are apart from constitutional designs but actually live under the practical interest of daily life? In tackling this question, the first section reveals that the objectively observable quantum of popular support in terms of the mutuality and symmetry between original ratification and constitutional dismemberment does not necessarily corresponds to the phenomenon that is perceived from the first-person plural person perspective of population. The second section then installs the relational principle of intentionality, which is synthesized at the static, genetic and generative levels, so that the practice of constitutional dismemberment can be grasped not only from the objectively theoretical viewpoint but also from the inter-subjective phenomenological perspective

Conventionality Control of Domestic Law

Through gaining lessons from the doctrine of constitutionality control, the book deals principally with conventionality control achieved by judicial adjudicators. This monograph fills the gap in comparative international human rights law by analysing the practice of conventionality control in Europe and Latin America. Based on the empirical data, the author normatively envisions a ‘trapezium’ model of conventionality control with the features of openness, substantivism and human-centrism, which overcomes the limits of the closed, formalist, and State-centric ‘pyramid‘ model. Author: Yota Negishi, Associate Professor of Public International Law, Seinan Gakuin University, Fukuoka, Japan.PublishedThrough gaining lessons from the doctrine of constitutionality control, the book deals principally with conventionality control achieved by judicial adjudicators. This monograph fills the gap in comparative international human rights law by analysing the practice of conventionality control in Europe and Latin America. Based on the empirical data, the author normatively envisions a ‘trapezium’ model of conventionality control with the features of openness, substantivism and human-centrism, which overcomes the limits of the closed, formalist, and State-centric ‘pyramid‘ model. Author: Yota Negishi, Associate Professor of Public International Law, Seinan Gakuin University, Fukuoka, Japan

Autoridades relativas: resistencias constitucionales razonables en contra de las doctrinas de la Corte Interamericana

This article illustrates the constitutional reasoning upon which domestic courts exhibit resistance to relativize Inter-American Court’s doctrines. The San José Court has given constitutional reasoning in a dual dimension, the doctrine of corpus juris internacional, and the doctrine of control de convencionalidad. Constitutional reasonable resistance against such Inter-American authoritative doctrines has become manifest in recent cases concerning amnesty in transitional justice, conflicting rights between private parties, and the invalidation of domestic decisions. To overcome mutual backlashes between Inter-American and domestic judges, this paper seeks their potential of a more harmonious, democracy-oriented interaction on the basis of shared constitutional reasoning.Este artículo ilustra el razonamiento constitucional sobre el cual los tribunales nacionales muestran resistencia a relativizar las doctrinas de la Corte Interamericana. La Corte de San José ha dado un razonamiento constitucional en una doble dimensión, la doctrina del corpus juris internacional, y la doctrina del control de convencionalidad. La resistencia constitucional razonable contra tales doctrinas autorizadas interamericanas se ha manifestado en casos recientes relativos a la amnistía en la justicia transicional, los derechos conflictivos entre partes privadas y la invalidación de las decisiones internas. Para superar las reacciones recíprocas mutuas entre jueces interamericanos y nacionales, este artículo busca su potencial de una interacción más armoniosa y orientada a la democracia sobre la base del razonamiento constitucional compartido

国内法の条約適合性統制 地域的人権条約の実施における国際裁判の立憲化と憲法裁判の国際化

早大学位記番号:新7445早稲田大

The theory and phenomenology of constitutional dismemberment

One of the most spectacle features anchored in Richard Albert’s Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions is the theory of constitutional dismemberment. In his masterpiece, Albert proposes constitutional designers who are interested in preserving legal continuity to codify procedures for not only amendment but also dismemberment, namely, a fundamental break with the core commitments or presuppositions of the constitution. This contribution questions whether the objectivist, third-person perspective of constitutional designers can be a vantage viewpoint to assesses the socially transformative irruption of constitutional dismemberment. Should the phenomenon of constitutional dismemberment be analyzed without the relative-subjective perspective of peoples who are apart from constitutional designs but actually live under the practical interest of daily life? In tackling this question, the first section reveals that the objectively observable quantum of popular support in terms of the mutuality and symmetry between original ratification and constitutional dismemberment does not necessarily corresponds to the phenomenon that is perceived from the first-person plural person perspective of population. The second section then installs the relational principle of intentionality, which is synthesized at the static, genetic and generative levels, so that the practice of constitutional dismemberment can be grasped not only from the objectively theoretical viewpoint but also from the inter-subjective phenomenological perspective.Uma das características mais espetaculares ancoradas no livro de Richard Albert (Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions) é a teoria do desmembramento constitucional. Em sua obra-prima, Albert propõe aos projetistas constitucionais interessados em preservar a continuidade jurídica que codifiquem os procedimentos não só de emenda, mas também de des-membramento, ou seja, uma ruptura fundamental com os compromissos ou pressupostos fundamentais da constitui-ção. Esta contribuição questiona se a perspectiva objetivista dos designers constitucionais pode ser um ponto de vista vantajoso para avaliar a irrupção socialmente transforma-dora do desmembramento constitucional. O fenômeno do desmembramento constitucional deve ser analisado sem a perspectiva subjetiva-relativa de povos afastados dos desígnios constitucionais, mas que vivem sob o interesse prático do cotidiano? Ao lidar com esta questão, a primeira seção revela que o quantum objetivamente observável de apoio popular em termos de mutualidade e simetria entre a ratificação original e o desmembramento constitucional não corresponde necessariamente ao fenômeno que é percebido da perspectiva da população de primeira pessoa no plural. A segunda seção, então, instala o princípio relacional da intencionalidade, que é sintetizado nos níveis estático, genético e generativo, de modo que a prática do desmembramento constitucional possa ser apreendida não apenas do ponto de vista teórico objetivo, mas também da perspectiva fenomenológica intersubjetiva

Search for intermediate-mass black hole binaries in the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

International audienceIntermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) span the approximate mass range 100−105 M⊙, between black holes (BHs) that formed by stellar collapse and the supermassive BHs at the centers of galaxies. Mergers of IMBH binaries are the most energetic gravitational-wave sources accessible by the terrestrial detector network. Searches of the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo did not yield any significant IMBH binary signals. In the third observing run (O3), the increased network sensitivity enabled the detection of GW190521, a signal consistent with a binary merger of mass ∼150 M⊙ providing direct evidence of IMBH formation. Here, we report on a dedicated search of O3 data for further IMBH binary mergers, combining both modeled (matched filter) and model-independent search methods. We find some marginal candidates, but none are sufficiently significant to indicate detection of further IMBH mergers. We quantify the sensitivity of the individual search methods and of the combined search using a suite of IMBH binary signals obtained via numerical relativity, including the effects of spins misaligned with the binary orbital axis, and present the resulting upper limits on astrophysical merger rates. Our most stringent limit is for equal mass and aligned spin BH binary of total mass 200 M⊙ and effective aligned spin 0.8 at 0.056 Gpc−3 yr−1 (90% confidence), a factor of 3.5 more constraining than previous LIGO-Virgo limits. We also update the estimated rate of mergers similar to GW190521 to 0.08 Gpc−3 yr−1.Key words: gravitational waves / stars: black holes / black hole physicsCorresponding author: W. Del Pozzo, e-mail: [email protected]† Deceased, August 2020