Evaluation of the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi infection in three aromatic plants

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the production of secondary metabolites in Petroselinum crispum, Salvia officinalis and Dysphania ambrosioides. Three treatments were established: Control (C), commercial inoculum (CI) and native inoculum (NI). Every 15 days height, stem diameter and number of leaves were measured. The percentage of colonization was assessed by staining of roots, and identification of flavonoids through TLC thin layer chromatography, finally the concentration of total phenols was evaluated by spectrophotometry from the ethanol extracts of each plant. The results of development of biomass and the percentage of colonization show statistically significant difference for the three variables evaluated (P≤0.05) from each culture in the treatment of NI with respect to control, showing a greater effect on plants of S. officinalis (51% and 91%, respectively). Chromatography reveals the presence of flavonoids in the three plants; however this is more intense for the treatment of NI, showing increased production of total phenols in S. officinalis. Finally, the chemical characterization of the substrate shows a higher assimilation of nitrogen and phosphorus (0.11% and 0.35 mg / kg respectively) in S. officinalis associated with a native inoculum (NI).

Caracterización fisicoquímica de residuos orgánicos del Estado de Chiapas, México, destinados a la producción de biogás

In this paper were studied the physicochemical characteristics of organic waste generated in the municipality of Suchiapa, Chiapas, México. The objective was to characterize fruit and vegetable residues: pumpkin peel, tamarind peel, corn cob leaves and livestock fecal residues: cattle, sheep and poultry manure, to determine their optimal use in biogas and methane production. The parameters analyzed were humidity, ashes, pH, total solids (ST), total volatile solids (STV), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), applying the methods of the Official Mexican Standards (NMX-AA-016 to the NMX -AA-025). The results obtained from the calculation of STV, estimated a theoretical production of 850 L of methane/kg of STV through the use of pumpkin peel, being the best residue to guarantee biogas production. In this way, with the physicochemical characterization of the waste, it is possible to revalue their potential for the production of biogas.En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las características fisicoquímicas de residuos orgánicos generados en el municipio de Suchiapa, Chiapas, México. El objetivo fue caracterizar residuos frutihortícolas: cáscara de calabaza, cáscara de tamarindo, hojas de mazorca de maíz y residuos fecales ganaderos: estiércol de ganado bovino, ovino y aves de corral, para determinar su uso óptimo en la producción de biogás y metano. Los parámetros analizados fueron humedad, cenizas, pH, sólidos totales (ST), sólidos totales volátiles (STV), carbón (C) y nitrógeno (N), aplicando los métodos de las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas (NMX-AA-016 a la NMX-AA-025). Los resultados obtenidos del cálculo de STV, estimaron una producción teórica de 850 L de metano/kg de STV mediante el uso de cáscara de calabaza, siendo el mejor residuo para garantizar la producción de biogás. De este modo, con la caracterización fisicoquímica de los residuos se permite revalorizar el potencial de éstos para la producción de biogás. In this paper were studied the physicochemical characteristics of organic waste generated in the municipality of Suchiapa, Chiapas, México. The objective was to characterize fruit and vegetable residues: pumpkin peel, tamarind peel, corn cob leaves and livestock fecal residues: cattle, sheep and poultry manure, to determine their optimal use in biogas and methane production. The parameters analyzed were humidity, ashes, pH, total solids (ST), total volatile solids (STV), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), applying the methods of the Official Mexican Standards (NMX-AA-016 to the NMX -AA-025). The results obtained from the calculation of STV, estimated a theoretical production of 850 L of methane/kg of STV through the use of pumpkin peel, being the best residue to guarantee biogas production. In this way, with the physicochemical characterization of the waste, it is possible to revalue their potential for the production of biogas.

Caracterización fisicoquímica de residuos orgánicos del Estado de Chiapas, México, destinados a la producción de biogás

En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las características fisicoquímicas de residuos orgánicos generados en el municipio de Suchiapa, Chiapas, México. El objetivo fue caracterizar residuos frutihortícolas: cáscara de calabaza, cáscara de tamarindo, hojas de mazorca de maíz y residuos fecales ganaderos: estiércol de ganado bovino, ovino y aves de corral, para determinar su uso óptimo en la producción de biogás y metano. Los parámetros analizados fueron humedad, cenizas, pH, sólidos totales (ST), sólidos totales volátiles (STV), carbón (C) y nitrógeno (N), aplicando los métodos de las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas (NMX-AA-016 a la NMX-AA-025). Los resultados obtenidos del cálculo de STV, estimaron una producción teórica de 850 L de metano/kg de STV mediante el uso de cáscara de calabaza, siendo el mejor residuo para garantizar la producción de biogás. De este modo, con la caracterización fisicoquímica de los residuos se permite revalorizar el potencial de éstos para la producción de biogás

Diversidad de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares en maíz con cultivo de cobertura y biofertilizantes en Chiapas, México

The present work was conducted with the objective of know the density, abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizalfungi (AMF) associated with maize (Zea mays L.) in plots that have been managed with low incomes of external inputsgreen manure/cover crop (AVCC) and biofertilizers. The work was conducted in seven farmer plots with maize crop, ofwhich three have been managed with nescafe bean (Mucuna deeringiana Merr.) as AVCC and four without such antecedentof managing. In each plot were established four treatments of biofertilization: 1) inoculation with AMF, 2) foliar applicationof organic fertilizer, 3) mycorrhizal inoculation with foliar organic fertilizer, and 4) control, which were ordered under arandomized complete block design with seven replications. In total we identified 23 morphospecies, 14 of which werecarried at level of species, being Glomus and Acaulospora the dominant genera. The number of species in plots with AVCCwas 50% higher than without AVCC. In the plots with AVCC was found 91.3% of morphospecies of AMF, while in plotswithout AVCC the 60.9%. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization was not significantly different (p=0.7630) betweenplots with and without AVCC, but the colonization level was higher with mycorrhizal inoculation (86.6%) that in the control(71%). We conclude that AVCC and inoculation with mycorrhizae had a positive effect on species diversity of AMF androot colonization, respectively.El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo conocer la densidad, abundancia y diversidad de especies de hongos micorrízicosarbusculares (HMA) asociadas al cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) en parcelas que han sido manejadas con bajos ingresos deinsumos externos y evaluar su respuesta a la aplicación de abono verde/cultivo de cobertura (AVCC) y biofertilizantes. Eltrabajo se realizó en siete parcelas de productores de maíz, de las cuales tres han sido manejadas con frijol nescafé (Mucunadeeringiana Merr.) como AVCC y cuatro sin dicho antecedente de manejo. En cada una de las parcelas se establecieroncuatro tratamientos de biofertilización: 1) inoculación con micorriza arbuscular, 2) aplicación de fertilizante orgánico foliar,3) inoculación con micorriza + fertilizante orgánico foliar, y 4) testigo, los cuales se ordenaron bajo un diseño de bloquescompletos al azar con siete repeticiones. En total se identificaron 23 morfoespecies, de las cuales 14 se llevaron a nivelde especie, siendo Glomus y Acaulospora los géneros predominantes. El número de especies con AVCC superó en 50%al obtenido sin AVCC. En las parcelas con AVCC se encontró el 91,3% de morfoespecies de HMA, mientras que enlas parcelas sin AVCC el 60,9%. El porcentaje de colonización micorrízica no varió significativamente (p=0,7630) entreparcelas con y sin AVCC, sin embargo el nivel de colonización fue más alto con inoculación de micorrizas (86,6%) que enel testigo (71%). Se concluye que el AVCC y la inoculación con micorrizas tuvieron un efecto positivo en la diversidad deespecies de HMA y en la colonización de la raíz, respectivamente

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SOCIEDAD. SABERES LOCALES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLas comunidades indígenas de la sierra norte de Oaxaca México, habitan un territorio extenso de biodiversidad. Sin que sea una área protegida y sustentable, la propia naturaleza de la región ofrece a sus visitantes la riqueza de la vegetación caracterizada por sus especies endémicas que componen un paisaje de suma belleza

Impacto de la biofertilización y aplicación de abonos orgánicos en la productividad de maíz (Zea mays L.) en Chiapas

San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México : El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 2012