The efficacy of active warming in preventing unplanned hypothermia during perioperative period in pediatric surgery patients in a tertiary care center

Aim: To investigate the effects of using the active warming method on children with hypothermia in the perioperative period and examining the effects of hypothermia on awakening time, pain, shivering and hospital stay. Methods: This study included patients 18 years of age and younger who underwent surgery in the pediatric surgery department of a tertiary hospital. The active warming group consisted of 28 patients and the control group consisted of 29 patients. The first group of patients was actively warmed during the surgery and the second group was treated as the control group and did not actively receive any warming therapy. Preoperative body temperatures of the cases were measured. In addition, body temperatures were recorded every 15 minutes in the intraoperative and postoperative periods. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative body temperature between the control group and the active warming group. When body temperature were examined in the intraoperative period, there was no significant difference between the groups at the first 15 minutes of operation; however, the mean of the body temperature in active warming group was significantly higher than the control group at the 30th, 45th , and 60th minutes of operation. It was determined that patients in the control group had a longer stay in the hospital and the amount of time for waking at the end of the anesthesia was shorter in the active heating group than in the control group. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that active heating with a carbon fiber resistant system is an effective method to prevent unplanned hypothermia in operated children

The effect of iron supplementation on GSH levels, GSH-Px, and SOD activities of erythrocytes in L-thyroxine administration

Our aim was to study the effect of iron supplementation on the following aspects of erythrocyte metabolism in experimental hyperthyroidism: glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Hyperthyroidism induced by L-thyroxine administrations significantly raised erythrocyte GSH, GSH-Px and SOD levels of the rats (P &#60; 0.001). Likewise, we observed that iron supplementation induced significant rises in erythrocyte GSH, GSH-Px and SOD levels (P &#60; 0.001) as compared with the control group. The erythrocyte GSH, GSH-Px and SOD levels of hyperthyroidism-induced iron-supplemented animals were significantly higher when compared with either the iron-supplemented group (P &#60; 0.001) or the only L-thyroxine-administered hyperthyroid group (P &#60; 0.001, P &#60; 0.05, P &#60; 0.01, respectively). The results of this study show that L-thyroxine administration and/or iron supplementation increases GSH, GSH-Px and SOD levels of erythrocytes.</p

Estimating mortality and disability in Peru before the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of the Disease Study 2019

"Background: Estimating and analyzing trends and patterns of health loss are essential to promote efficient resource allocation and improve Peru’s healthcare system performance. Methods: Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (2019), we assessed mortality and disability in Peru from 1990 to 2019. We report demographic and epidemiologic trends in terms of population, life expectancy at birth (LE), mortality, incidence, prevalence, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by the major diseases and risk factors in Peru. Finally, we compared Peru with 16 countries in the Latin American (LA) region. Results: The Peruvian population reached 33.9 million inhabitants (49.9% women) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, LE at birth increased from 69.2 (95% uncertainty interval 67.8–70.3) to 80.3 (77.2–83.2) years. This increase was driven by the decline in under-5 mortality (−80.7%) and mortality from infectious diseases in older age groups (+60 years old). The number of DALYs in 1990 was 9.2 million (8.5–10.1) and reached 7.5 million (6.1–9.0) in 2019. The proportion of DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increased from 38.2% in 1990 to 67.9% in 2019. The all-ages and age-standardized DALYs rates and YLLs rates decreased, but YLDs rates remained constant. In 2019, the leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), ischemic heart disease, road injuries, and low back pain. The leading risk factors associated with DALYs in 2019 were undernutrition, high body mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and air pollution. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Peru experienced one of the highest LRIs-DALYs rates in the LA region. Conclusion: In the last three decades, Peru experienced significant improvements in LE and child survival and an increase in the burden of NCDs and associated disability. The Peruvian healthcare system must be redesigned to respond to this epidemiological transition. The new design should aim to reduce premature deaths and maintain healthy longevity, focusing on effective coverage and treatment of NCDs and reducing and managing the related disability.

Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95$7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019; 293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95$43·1 billion in development assistance was provided to maintain or improve health. The pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in development assistance targeted towards health; in 2020 and 2021, $1·8 billion in DAH contributions was provided towards pandemic preparedness in LMICs, and$37·8 billion was provided for the health-related COVID-19 response. Although the support for pandemic preparedness is 12·2% of the recommended target by the High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP), the support provided for the health-related COVID-19 response is 252·2% of the recommended target. Additionally, projected spending estimates suggest that between 2022 and 2026, governments in 17 (95% UI 11–21) of the 137 LMICs will observe an increase in national government health spending equivalent to an addition of 1% of GDP, as recommended by the HLIP. Interpretation There was an unprecedented scale-up in DAH in 2020 and 2021. We have a unique opportunity at this time to sustain funding for crucial global health functions, including pandemic preparedness. However, historical patterns of underfunding of pandemic preparedness suggest that deliberate effort must be made to ensure funding is maintained

Serum ?-Carotene Levels of the Local Black Cattle in Lactation Period, Dry Period and Different Ages, Seasons-2019

β-carotene in carotenoIds group is the primary Ingredient of vitamin A and is widely found in green leafy plants. Cattle provide β-Carotene by eating grass and feeds since they cannot synthesize. β-carotene deficiency causes many metabolic disorders in animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of season, age, lactation and dry period on β-Carotene level at Local Black Cattle whIch are only breed In AnatolIa. This study was carrIed out in native cattle race (Local Black) that breds in our country, 80 of which belong to the protection flocks that are grown in the northern parts of Central Anatolia. The groups were arranged as group 1, 1-3 months calves (n=20); group 2, 12-24 months heIfers (n=20); group 3, 3-7 years old cattle In the fIrst 10 weeks perIod of lactation (n=20), group 4, 3-7 years old cattle In the last 2 month of pregnancy (dry perIod) (n=20). β-Carotene levels were measured from the serum samples which was obtaIned from the same anImals blood that was taken from the summer and wInter. In summer, β-carotene levels of the lactatIng cattle, heIfer and cattle In dry perIod were hIgher than wInter. Also, serum β-carotene was the hIghest In lactatIng group both summer and wInter. As a result, our results showed that season, age, lactation and pregnancy were effective on serum β-carotene levels. Also, reference values of the Local Black were obtained

Effects of bisphenol A, diethylhexyl phthalate and pentabrominated diphenyl ether 99 on steroid synthesis in cultured bovine luteal cells

KABAKCI, Ruhi/0000-0001-9131-0933; YIgit, Ayse Arzu/0000-0001-5837-6877WOS:000520762900001PubMed: 32125030Bisphenol A (BPA), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and pentabrominated diphenyl ether 99 (PBDE 99) are environmental toxicants belonging to the endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). They exert adverse effects on the various physiological systems, especially the reproductive system of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BPA, DEHP and PBDE 99 on progesterone (P4) synthesis in cultured bovine luteal cells. The bovine luteal cells isolated from the mid-luteal corpora lutea were exposed to different concentrations of BPA (1, 3, 10 and 30 mu M), DEHP (1, 3, 10 and 30 mu M) and PBDE 99 (0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 mu M) in a serum-free culture media for 48 and 96 hr. At 48 hr, the P4 level in the luteal cells decreased after treatment with all concentrations of BPA; 3, 10 and 30 mu M of DEHP; and 3 mu M of PBDE 99 compared to the control (p < .05). Treatment of cells with 3-30 mu M of BPA, 1-30 mu M of DEHP and 1-3 mu M of PBDE 99 for 96 hr resulted in reduction in P4 synthesis (p < .05). However, lower concentrations of PBDE 99 (0.1 and 0.3 mu M) increased P4 levels at 48 and 96 hr. Synthesis of P4 was lower at 96 hr compared to the 48 hr in the groups treated with BPA (30 mu M), DEHP (1-30 mu M), PBDE 99 (0.3-3 mu M) and control group. Our results showed that BPA, DEHP and PBDE 99 are able to alter luteal steroidogenesis in bovine cells and can disrupt hormonal balance in the ovary. However, it is necessary to evaluate the exact mechanism underlying these effects in future studies.Kirikkale University, Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitKirikkale University [2015/129]Kirikkale University, Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, Grant/Award Number: 2015/12

Can Luteal Cell Co-Cultures be an Alternative for Reduction of the Immunorejection in Islet Transplants?

/0000-0002-3453-2967WOS: 000453220100140

Effects of cholesterol and cAMP on progesterone production in cultured luteal cells isolated from pseudopregnant cat ovaries

WOS: 000269418700024PubMed: 19135321The present study was designed to incubate luteal cells isolated from pseudopregnant cats and to investigate the effects of cholesterol and cAMP on luteal progesterone production. Corpora lutea were collected from the cats on days 10 and 15 of pseudopregnancy. Luteal cells were isolated from the ovaries by collagenase digestion. Steroidogenic luteal cells were stained for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity. Cells (2 x 10(4)) staining positive for 3 beta-HSD were cultured for up to 7 days. The cells were treated with 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22R-HC) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) on days 1, 3 and 7. Treatment of cells with 22R-HC resulted in a dose-dependent increase (p < 0.001) in progesterone production. When 22R-HC was used at a concentration of 10 mu g/ml, it resulted in 2.7- and 5.1-fold increases in progesterone production on days 3 and 5, respectively. When the dose was doubled (20 mu g/ml), treated cells produced four times more progesterone on days 3 and 7, and three times more on day 5. By day 7, progesterone production increased up to 9.1 times more than the control. Incubation of cells with both concentrations of dbcAMP (0.1 mM and 1 mM) resulted in significant stimulations of progesterone on days 5 and 7 (p < 0.001). However, on day 3, only higher doses of dbcAMP (1 mM) resulted in significant stimulation (p < 0.05). Progesterone production was increased up to 2- and 2.9-fold of the control when cells were treated with lower concentration of dbcAMP (0.1 mM) on days 5 and 7. respectively. Incubation of cells with 1 mM concentrations of dbcAMP induced a 3.2-fold increase on day 5 and a 5-fold increase on day 7. In conclusion, a successful incubation was performed for long-life culturing of luteal cells collected from pseudopregnant cats. The method works well and allows for optimal growth and development of cells in the culture. The present study also demonstrated that incubating cat luteal cells with 22R-HC and dbcAMP induces a significant increase in luteal progesterone synthesis. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-1050129]Financial support for the present project was provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). Project No.: TOVAG-1050129. The authors would like to thank Dr. Hakan Kalender for his assistance in collecting the ovaries from the cats

The Influence of Pentabrominated Diphenylether 99 on Progesterone Secretion by Bovine Luteal Cells

KABAKCI, Ruhi/0000-0001-9131-0933WOS: 000419806200211…KU [SRPCU: 2015/129]Supported by the KU SRPCU: 2015/129 and this report is a part of the PhD thesis of R KABAKC

The Effects the Rat Luteal Cells on Islet Cells Revascularization and Immune Response

/0000-0002-3453-2967WOS: 000419806200059…KU [SRPCU: 2015/128]; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [2214A]Supported by the KU SRPCU: 2015/128 and TUBITAK 2214A and this report is a part of the PhD thesis of G BOYU