The radial Tully-Fisher relation for spiral galaxies - I

We find a new Tully-Fisher-like relation for spiral galaxies holding at different galactocentric radii. This radial Tully-Fisher relation allows us to investigate the distribution of matter in the optical regions of spiral galaxies. This relation, applied to three different samples of rotation curves of spiral galaxies, directly proves that: (i) the rotation velocity of spirals is a good measure of their gravitational potential and both the rotation curve's amplitudes and profiles are well predicted by galaxy luminosity, (ii) the existence of a dark component, less concentrated than the luminous one, and (iii) a scaling law, according to which, inside the disc optical size: M-dark/M-lum = 0.5(L-B/10(11) L-B circle dot)(-0.7)

The Universal Rotation Curve of Spiral Galaxies. II The Dark Matter Distribution out to the Virial Radius

In the current LambdaCDM cosmological scenario, N-body simulations provide us with a Universal mass profile, and consequently a Universal equilibrium circular velocity of the virialized objects, as galaxies. In this paper we obtain, by combining kinematical data of their inner regions with global observational properties, the Universal Rotation Curve (URC) of disk galaxies and the corresponding mass distribution out to their virial radius. This curve extends the results of Paper I, concerning the inner luminous regions of Sb-Im spirals, out to the edge of the galaxy halos.Comment: In press on MNRAS. 10 pages, 8 figures. The Mathematica code for the figures is available at: http://www.novicosmo.org/salucci.asp Corrected typo

Barium and Yttrium abundance in intermediate-age and old open clusters

Barium is a neutron capture element, that, in open clusters, is frequently over-abundant with respect to the Iron. A clear explanation for this is still missing. Additionally, its gradient across the Galactic disk is poorly constrained. We measure the abundance of yttrium and barium using the synthetic spectrum method from UVES high-resolution spectra of eight distant open clusters, namely Ruprecht 4, Ruprecht 7, Berkeley 25, Berkeley 73, Berkeley 75, NGC 6192, NGC 6404, and NGC 6583. The barium abundance was estimated using NLTE approximation. We confirm that Barium is indeed over-abundant in most clusters, especially young clusters. Finally, we investigated the trend of yttrium and barium abundances as a function of distance in the Galaxy and ages. Several scenarios for the barium over-abundance are then discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

On the subject of the Ba overabundance in the open clusters stars

For eight distant open clusters, namely Ruprecht 4, Ruprecht 7, Berkeley 25, Berkeley 73, Berkeley 75, NGC 6192, NGC 6404, and NGC 6583, we determined the yttrium and barium abundances using the UVES, VLT spectra (ESO, Chile). The stars of one young cluster (Ruprecht 7) demonstrate significant barium overabundance( 3c0.55 dex) that can not be due to the determination error. We have considered the Ba abundance determination errors due to LTE approach, saturation of the lines, synthetic and observed barium line fitting, and the causes of the Ba overabundance associated with the Galactic disc enrichment or the origin of open clusters. Possible explanation for this overabundance can be the origin of n-capture elements enrichment of the clusters (galactic or extragalactic) or additional sources of the Ba production

EAS spectrum in the primary energy region above 10 to the 15th power eV by the Akeno and Yakutsk array data

The extensive air showers spectrum on scintillation desity Rko in primary energy region E sub approx. 10 to the 15th power - 10 to the 20th power eV on the Yakutsk array data and recent results of the Akeno is given

Spherical symmetry in f(R)f(R)-gravity

Spherical symmetry in $f(R)$ gravity is discussed in details considering also the relations with the weak field limit. Exact solutions are obtained for constant Ricci curvature scalar and for Ricci scalar depending on the radial coordinate. In particular, we discuss how to obtain results which can be consistently compared with General Relativity giving the well known post-Newtonian and post-Minkowskian limits. Furthermore, we implement a perturbation approach to obtain solutions up to the first order starting from spherically symmetric backgrounds. Exact solutions are given for several classes of $f(R)$ theories in both $R =$ constant and $R = R(r)$.Comment: 13 page

Halos of Unified Dark Matter Scalar Field

We investigate the static and spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein's equations for a scalar field with non-canonical kinetic term, assumed to provide both the dark matter and dark energy components of the Universe. In particular, we give a prescription to obtain solutions (dark halos) whose rotation curve v_c(r) is in good agreement with observational data. We show that there exist suitable scalar field Lagrangians that allow to describe the cosmological background evolution and the static solutions with a single dark fluid.Comment: 19 pages LaTeX file; minor corrections made affecting Eqs.(52)-(56

Вентилятор-ассоциированная пневмония: диагностика, профилактика, лечение (cовременное состояние вопроса)

By analyzing the data available in the Russian and foreign literature and their many years’ experience, the authors review the state-of-the-art of the problem associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units. The etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia, the possibilities and limitations of its prevention and diagnostic methods, successes and difficulties and treatment of this pathology are described in detail.Представлен обзор современного состояния проблемы вентилятор-ассоциированной пневмонии в отделениях реанимации на основании анализа данных современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы, собственного многолетнего опыта работы. Подробно изложены вопросы этиологии, эпидемиологии, патогенеза вентилятор-ассоциированной пневмонии, возможности и ограничения способов ее профилактики и методов диагностики, успехи и трудности лечения этой патологии

Оценка фармацевтической эквивалентности таблетированных форм препаратов «Метадоксил» и «Алкодез ІС» с использованием теста «Растворение»

На сегодняшний день очевидна актуальность проблемы рационального использования теста «Растворение» при изучении фармацевтической эквивалентности лекарственных средств на разных этапах их регистрации и перерегистрации. В статье изложена методика проведения теста «Растворение» с целью оценки фармацевтической эквивалентности таблетированных форм воспроизведенного препарата «АЛКОДЕЗ® ІС» (ОДО «ИНТЕРХИМ», Украина) и референтного препарата «Метадоксил» (“Laboratori Baldacci S.p.A”, Италия). Результаты проведенного исследования демонстрируют подобие профилей растворения изучаемого генерического и референтного препаратов, что доказывает их фармацевтическую эквивалентность.Today relevance of the problem of rational use of test “Dissolution” in the study of pharmaceutical equivalence of drugs in different stages of registration and re-registration is obvious. The purpose of this work is to develop the methodology of the test “Dissolution” to assess the pharmaceutical equivalence of the generic drug “ALKODES® ІC” 0.5 g tablets (SLC “INTERHIM”, Ukraine), and the reference product “Metadoxil” 0.5 g tablets (“Laboratori Baldacci S.p.A”, Italy). The test was performed on 12 tablets of each series of drugs. For determining the dissolution of tablets the paddle apparatus was used. As dissolution media it was used 0.1 M hydrochloric acid; acetate buffer pH 4.5; 0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The samples were collected at 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 min after starting the test. Amount of metadoxine (active ingredient) was released from the tablet in standard media and was determined spectrophotometrically by method of standart. The equivalence of dissolution profiles were evaluated by calculating the similarity factor (f2). Values of coefficient of similarity (50<f2<100) demonstrate the similarity of dissolution profiles studied generic and reference products, which proves their pharmaceutical equivalence

Clonal micropropagation of essential oil rose cultivars and breeding samples at long-term subcultivation

The development of explants of 12 cultivars and breeding samples of essential oil rose (obtained with the participation of Rosa damascena Mill., R. gallica L., R. alba L.) during long-term micropropagation was investigated. At the second multiplication stage 5 subcultures were carried out. Increase of the studied morphometric parameters of explants to 3-4th subcultures was established. In some genotypes, the maximum multiplication index was in the third subculture (сultivars ‘Raduga’, ‘Zolushka’, ‘Lada’, ‘Krymskaya Krasnaya’, ‘Lany’, ‘Vesna’ and samples N37-24, M215), while in others (сultivar ‘Kazanlykskaya’ and samples N138, G2168, N37-2) – in the fourth. The largest increase of the multiplication index in 3-4th subcultures compared to the first (3.0-4.8 times) was found in the cultivars ‘Lada’, ‘Lany’, ‘Raduga’, ‘Krymskaya Krasnaya’ and sample N37-24. In the fifth subculture the multiplication index decreased. However, in most cultivars and breeding samples it was higher than in the first subculture. The best morphogenetic potential was noted for сultivar ‘Raduga’ and samples G2168, N37-2, in which the multiplication index reached 14.2, 14.4 and 11.8, respectively. The minimal ability to propagation in vitro was in samples M215 and N138 – their multiplication index did not exceed 1.1 - 4.0