Considerations on the Return Trajectories from the Moon to the Earth

Moon to earth return trajectory analysi

Subpixel Detection of Spectrum Images by Photodiode Structures

The present paper is devoted to the issues of enhancing the photometer’s resolving power when the spectrum images are detected by linear image sensors on emission spectrometers. Here we focus our attention on the case where the size of a photodiode structure pixel exceeds the width of the point-spread function of an optical device. It is shown that a combination of the parallel detection of all points of an image with its successive shift relative to a recording structure ensures proper recording of thus obtained image, hence the optical section of the device with an arbitrarily large sensor pixel having no loss of resolution. The problem pertaining to measurement data handling reduces to finding a solution to the inconsistent set of linear equations. An algorithm is suggested for solving the derived system of equations. The results illustrating the operation of this particular algorithm are herewith shown.Работа посвящена вопросам повышения разрешающей способности фотометра при регистрации изображений спектров фотодиодными линейками на эмиссионных спектрометрах. Рассматривается случай, когда размер пиксела фотодиодной структуры превосходит размеры пятна замытия оптического прибора. Показано, что сочетание параллельного способа регистрации всех точек изображения с последовательным его смещением относительно регистрирующей структуры позволяет зарегистрировать полученное таким образом изображение без потери разрешающей способности оптической части прибора при произвольно большом пикселе детектора. Задача обработки результатов измерений сводится к решению несовместной системы линейных уравнений. Предлагается алгоритм решения полученной системы уравнений и приводятся результаты, иллюстрирующие действие этого алгоритма.Робота присвячена питанням покращання роздільної здатності фотометра при реєстрації зображень спектрів лінійками фотодіодів на емісійних фотометрах. Розглянуто випадок, коли розмір піксела фотодіодної структури перевищує розміри плями розмитості оптичного приладу. Показано, що поєднання паралельного способу реєстрації усіх точок зображення з його послідовним зміщенням відносно фотодіодної структури дозволяє зареєструвати одержане таким чином зображення без втрати роздільної здатності оптичної частини приладу за довільно великого піксела детектора. Задача обробки результатів вимірювання зводиться до розв'язання несумісної системи лінійних рівнянь. Запропоновано алгоритм розв'язання одержаної системи рівнянь та наведено результати, що ілюструють дію цього алгоритму

Results of medical studies during long-term manned flights on the orbital Salyut-6 and Soyuz complex

Results of tests made on the crews of the Salyut-6 and Soyuz complex are presented. The basic results of studies made before, during and after 96-day and 140-day flights are presented in 5 sections: characteristics of flight conditions in the orbital complex; the cardiovascular system; the motor sphere and vestibular analyzer; biochemical, hematologic and immunologic studies; and recovery measures in the readaptation period

An Important Contribution to Space Medicine - Some Results of the Experiment on the AES ''cosmos-110''

Physiological indices of orbiting dogs on Cosmos satellit

Novel Polymer Nanocomposite with Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles

Polyimides rank among the most heat-resistant polymers and are widely used in high temperature plastics, adhesives, dielectrics, photoresists, nonlinear optical materials, membrane materials for separation, and Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films, among others. While there is a variety of high temperature polyimides, there is a demand for utilizing these materials at higher and higher temperatures in oxidizing and aggressive environments. Therefore, we sought to use materials which do not oxidize to enhance properties of the polyimide composition maintaining polyimide weights and processing advantages. In this paper we introduced results of utilizing inorganic nanostructured silicon carbide particles to produce an inorganic particle filled polyimide

Cyclic nucleotides in tissues during long-term hypokinesia

Male Wistar rates were kept hypokinetic by placing them in small containers for 22 days. Blood plasma cAMP content was subsequently found increased, and cGMP content decreased, in the experimental animals. Liver and thymus cAMP content was similar in the control and experimental animals. There was a 20 and 38% decrease of cAMP content in the kidneys and spleen, respectively. Hypokinesia's reduction of cyclic nucleotides seems to inhibit RNA and protein synthesis

Experimental investigation of the role of thyrocalcitonin in the prophylaxis of disturbances in the water-salt and mineral metabolism during a 30-day hypokinesia

The effect of thyrocalcitonin (TCT) injections on the metabolism of water and electrolytes in free-moving and immobilized chinchilla hares is described. Calcium excretion from immobilized animals was elevated, but normalized in those also receiving TCT injections. TCT also normalized water content and excretion rates

Novel Polymer Nanocomposite with Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles

Polyimides rank among the most heat-resistant polymers and are widely used in high temperature plastics, adhesives, dielectrics, photoresists, nonlinear optical materials, membrane materials for separation, and Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films, among others. While there is a variety of high temperature polyimides, there is a demand for utilizing these materials at higher and higher temperatures in oxidizing and aggressive environments. Therefore, we sought to use materials which do not oxidize to enhance properties of the polyimide composition maintaining polyimide weights and processing advantages. In this paper we introduced results of utilizing inorganic nanostructured silicon carbide particles to produce an inorganic particle filled polyimide

Drought and smut resistance of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) seedlings

The aim of the work was to study the impact of drought on the millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) seed germination and morphological parameters of seedlings and to identify millet genotypes with balanced rhizo- and organogenesis under arid conditions. Since the soil drought weakens plant immunity during seed germination and provokes development of various diseases, especially smut (Sorosporium destruens (Schlecht) Yanki), it is necessary to identify plant genotypes with high resistance to virulent smut races. We studied resistance of 28 millet varieties to 13 smut races registered in Ukraine. The osmotic PEG 6000 (23 %) was used to simulate soil drought during the seed germination. After six days of incubation, seed germinability was assessed and the length of shoots and roots of seedlings was measured. The stress resistance of millet varieties was evaluated by the root length/shoot length ratio (R/S). Water deficit in the soil decreased seed germinability to 50.12 %. Morphological changes were more pronounced in shoots (decrease in length by 77.3 %) than in roots (decrease by 37.7 %). Under favorable weather conditions, the rhizo- and organogenesis in seedlings was even (R/S=0.75±0.02). In case of soil drought, the ratio R/S dropped to 2.19±0.03. Most of the varieties were resistant to smut races Rs 1, Rs 5–Rs 7, and Rs 9–Rs 11; in addition, around 10 % of the studied varieties was highly resistant (9–8 points) to smut races Rs 2, Rs 8, Rs 12, and Rs 13. Millet genotypes resistant to Rs 3 smut race were not found. Thus, the varieties with R/S ratio around one and higher should be considered the most valuable genetic material in selection for drought resistance. High R/S ratios were observed in the varieties Zapovitne (1.77), Zolushka (1.54), Olitan (1.4), Skado (1.79) and Danilo (1.79). The varieties Olitan and Danilo were highly resistant to the smut races Rs 1, Rs 4, Rs 7, Rs 9–Rs 11, while the varieties Novokyivske 0.1 (2.17) and Konstantynivske (2.22) to the smut races Rs 1, Rs 4–Rs 7, Rs 9–Rs 12. The variety Bila Altanka was not affected by the most virulent smut races Rs 2, Rs 8 and Rs 13. We recommend to include these millet genotypes in selection for drought and smut resistance

Exotic foods reveal contact between South Asia and the Near East during the second millennium BCE

Aunque el papel clave del comercio a larga distancia en la transformación de las cocinas en todo el mundo está bien documentado desde al menos la época romana, la prehistoria del comercio de alimentos euroasiático es menos visible. Con el fin de arrojar luz sobre la transformación de las cocinas del Mediterráneo oriental durante la Edad del Bronce y la Edad del Hierro Temprana, analizamos los microrestos y las proteínas conservadas en el cálculo dental de individuos que vivieron durante el segundo milenio a. Nuestros resultados proporcionan evidencia clara del consumo de alimentos básicos esperados, como cereales (Triticeae), sésamo ( Sesamum ) y dátiles ( Phoenix ). Además, informamos evidencia del consumo de soja ( glicina ), probable banano ( Musa ) y cúrcuma (Curcuma ), que hace retroceder la evidencia más antigua de estos alimentos en el Mediterráneo por siglos (cúrcuma) o incluso milenios (soja). Descubrimos que, desde principios del segundo milenio en adelante, al menos algunas personas en el Mediterráneo oriental tuvieron acceso a alimentos de lugares distantes, incluido el sur de Asia, y esos productos probablemente se consumieron en forma de aceites, frutos secos y especias. Estos conocimientos nos obligan a repensar la complejidad y la intensidad del comercio indo-mediterráneo durante la Edad del Bronce, así como el grado de globalización en la cocina del Mediterráneo oriental temprano. Although the key role of long-distance trade in the transformation of cuisines worldwide has been well-documented since at least the Roman era, the prehistory of the Eurasian food trade is less visible. In order to shed light on the transformation of Eastern Mediterranean cuisines during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, we analyzed microremains and proteins preserved in the dental calculus of individuals who lived during the second millennium BCE in the Southern Levant. Our results provide clear evidence for the consumption of expected staple foods, such as cereals (Triticeae), sesame (Sesamum), and dates (Phoenix). We additionally report evidence for the consumption of soybean (Glycine), probable banana (Musa), and turmeric (Curcuma), which pushes back the earliest evidence of these foods in the Mediterranean by centuries (turmeric) or even millennia (soybean). We find that, from the early second millennium onwards, at least some people in the Eastern Mediterranean had access to food from distant locations, including South Asia, and such goods were likely consumed as oils, dried fruits, and spices. These insights force us to rethink the complexity and intensity of Indo-Mediterranean trade during the Bronze Age as well as the degree of globalization in early Eastern Mediterranean cuisine