Physiological indices of orbiting dogs on Cosmos satellit

Gurovskiy, N.

Kiselev, A. A.

Pravetskiy, V.

Yegorov, B. B.

English

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Goddard Space Flight Center 
Contract No. NAS-5-9299 
ST  - PR - SM .. 10489 
AN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO SPACE MEDICINE: 
SOME RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT ON THE 
AES "COSMOS - 110" 
V. Pravetskiy 
N= Gurovskiy 
B. Yegorov 
A. Kiselov 
(USSR) 
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19 M A Y  1966 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19670002872 2020-03-16T16:57:31+00:00Z
ST - PR - SM - 10489 
AN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO SP  ACE MEDICIN E: 
SOME RESULTS O F  THE E XPERIMENT ON THE 
AES "COSMOS - 11Q I I  
A TASS COMMUNIQUE 
From newspaper, PRAVDA, 
No. 137 (17 454), p. 6, 
MOSCOW, 17 May 1966 
by V. Pravetskiy 
N. Gurovskiy 
B. Yegorov 
A. Kiselev 
Flights of Soviet and American astronauts have shown that a compara- 
tively short stay of men under weightlessness cmditicns is not attended by sig- 
nificant organism variations hazardous for life. 
data were obtained on the appearance in astronauts of some unfavorable symp- 
toms: capable of leading, as flight duration increases, to the disruption of cer- 
tain physiological functions. The lowering of the so-caiied orthostatic stability 
is  the principle of these symptoms, that is the weakening of the regular func- 
tion of the cardiovascular system at passage from the horizontal to vertical 
position of the body. The second symptom is the increased discharge ~f cal- 
cium salts at  their sufficient admission with the food. This is evidence of ionic 
equilibrium variation and of water-salt exchange. 
Thus, the lengthy space raids and the working out of means of protection 
f rom their possible unfavorable effect have confronted the space medicine with 
certain questions, the solution of which must necessarily be based upon the un- 
derstanding of the weightlessness mechanisms acting upon the organisms. 
should be noted that the information obtained from manned flights is to some ex- 
tent limited a s  a consequence of methodical peculiarities of investigations. 
periments with animals broaden considerably the possibility of studying the phy- 
siological experiment on animals in space flight is  an important stage for the 
solution of a ser ies  of problems of space medicine. 
tionable interest. 
state of weightlessness. 
regime for animals was determined in flight allowing to assume standing, lying, 
and sitting postures. 
However, a t  the same time, 
It 
Ex- 
/ 
The results on the AES "Cosmos-110" constitute in this regard an unques- 
Important first of al l  is the lengthy stay of animals in the 
It should be s t ressed that a sufficiently hard fixation 
The utilization of a ser ies  of new methodical approaches 
VAZHNYY V K I A D  V KOSMICHESKUYU MEDITSINU . . . 
2. 
was found to be quite justified. 
subjected to forced feeding, which allowed a s t r ic t  ration control. Over spe- 
cific flight trajectories action by pharmacological means and electric current 
was made possible by the introduction of sondes and electrodes. Physiological 
indicators were telemetered to radiocommunication channels in the course of 
the entire flight and they were fixed by the registering devices on board. 
further processing and analysis. 
piled at present. 
motor apparatus were noted in animals, that is a decrease in the volume of the 
muscular mass ,  and the disruption in movement coordination. These pheno- 
mena were quickly liquidated; however, the complete coordination of move- 
ments was restored to the pre-flight level only 8-10 days after landing. It 
is not excluded that such a muscular state might become the causein the varia- 
tion of the operation of other systems of the organism. 
During the first day after flight there was observed in the urine and blood 
of the animals an increased calcium content. 
organisms of Ugolek and Veterok was corroborated by X-ray investigation of 
their bones. 
data on calcium exchange disruption in condition of long flight. This fact re- 
quires further study. 
Attentim xras also drawn to a rather sharp thinning of animals. A t  the 
same-time it should be noted that the investigation of the functions of the liver 
and other organs attested to sufficient feeding of animals during flight. Con- 
sequently, the losses of weight mainly took place at  the expense of the muscu- 
l a r  mass and of dehydration. 
tion to the analysis of the cardiovascular system's activity under the influence 
of overloads, weightlessness, and other factors of space flight. 
the function of this important system, obtained in the experiment with Veterok 
and Ugolek offer a substantial interest. 
heart  contractions were observations. 
of the dogs decreased and stabilized a t  usual figures. Therefore, the impres- 
sion was created of the development of an adaptation process of the cardiovas- 
cular system to weightlessness conditions. 
After flight a certain increase in pulse frequency was again noted. 
normal activity of the blood-circulatory apparatus was restored by the 4th-5th 
day of stay on the ground. 
shifts in the morphological composition of the blood of experimental animals. 
P e r  contra, on the third, and more particularly on the fifth day, a rather s ig-  
nificant increase was noted in the erythrocite sedimentary reaction and in the 
As is well known, Ugolek and Veterok were 
The information obtained f rom Cosmos- 110 is enormous and requires 
However, some results may already be com- 
Immediately upon flight termination rather significant disruptions of the 
The calcium "washoutt1 f rom the 
Therefore, experiment w-ith anircals confirmed more clearly the 
Soviet and foreign scientists give in their numerous works great atten- 
The data on 
A t  the beginning of the flight rather sharp frequency oscillations of the 
After 10- 14 days the pulse frequency 
The 
The first day of the after-flight survey did not indicate any substantial 
3. 
number of leucocythes. 
of the organism to normal gravitation conditions upon return f rom such a 
prolonged space flight. 
corroborate this assumption to  a known degree. 
the phenomena themselves is still  insufficiently studied. Obtained also a re  
data attesting to variations of the ferment-forming function of the intestinal 
tract. The impression is created that this was linked with the transition to 
the ground diet from the cosmic rationing to which the animals have already 
become accustomed. The gastr&ntestinal disruptions observed in both ani- 
mals upon landing ceased after 6-8 days. 
This is apparently linked with the general reaction 
Microbiological and immunobiological investigations 
However, the mechanism of 
As to the general estimate of the data obtained, it may be noted that the 
observed variations a r e  reversible. 
ation of the initial data in a relatively short period. 
noted that the return from space and the first days on the ground became for 
Veterok and Ugolek filled with considerable s t ress  having induced the deter- 
ioration of certain indicators by comparison with those in flight. Hence, the 
conclusion may be derived that during space flights of long duration the or- 
ganism's transition to ground conditions may be attended by well expressed 
shifts in the activity of its main systems. 
This is evident from the integral restor- 
It should, however, be 
In conclusion, we should particularly s t ress  the fact that the transfer- 
ence to men of data obtained in the experiments with animals must be effected 
with great  care. Some regularities of general nature, however, may be noted. 
It is still  not clear at present whether o r  not the prolonged stay in space 
in the state of weightlessness may so modify the functional state of the organism 
that the reearn to the normal co~ditions of its gravitational field may be too 
great  a stress.  
tions in some of the organism's systems continued to accrue during the f i rs t  
few days as  i f  a new adjustment to  ground conditions had taken place. 
then it should not be forgotten that during flight the animals were in far  heav- 
ie r  conditions than men would be, and this naturally aggravated a ser ies  of 
the noted variations. 
phenomena vanished after a comparatively short  lapse of time. 
As was shown by the flight of Ugolek and Veterok, the varia- 
But 
However, the important circumstance is that all these 
Contract No. NAS-5-9299 
Consultants & Designers, Inc. 
933 North Kenmore Street 
Arlington, Virginia 
Translated by 
ANDRE L. BRICHANT 
on 
19 May 1966 
Distribution is identical to that of 10456. 


An Important Contribution to Space Medicine - Some Results of the Experiment on the AES ''cosmos-110''

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