Moringa Oleifera Ameliorates Cardiotoxicity and Improves Antioxidants in Breast Cancer- induced Rats Treated with Doxorubicin: A Preliminary Study.

Moringa Oleifera (MO) is a miracle plant of huge medical significance. It could be used to suppress the aggressiveness of various tumors as well as ameliorate the consequences of chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study; 49 albino rats were used to evaluate the effect of MO nanoparticles (MONPs) in DMBA-induced breast cancer rats (BC-induced) treated with doxorubicin (DOX). Cardiotoxicity, antioxidant markers, and protein profile were evaluated. Serum and mammary glands samples were collected for both biochemical and histopathological examinations. Rats were classified into control and BC-induced rats. The last group was further divided into 6 groups to evaluate the synergistic and prophylactic effects of MONPs. There was a significant reduction in the levels of tumor, and cardiotoxicity markers with a significant increase in the antioxidants/oxidants and proteins profile in BC-induced rats treated synergistically or/and prophylactically with MONPs and DOX. In conclusion, the prophylactic use of MONPs and synergistic use of MONPs and DOX induced a magnificent resistance against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin and ameliorated the aggressiveness of breast cancer as well as the oxidative stress induced in rats

Selective Calpain Inhibition Improves Functional and Histopathological Outcomes in a Canine Spinal Cord Injury Model

Calpain activation has been implicated in various pathologies, including neurodegeneration. Thus, calpain inhibition could effectively prevent spinal cord injury (SCI) associated with neurodegeneration. In the current study, a dog SCI model was used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a selective calpain inhibitor (PD150606) in combination with methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) as an anti-inflammatory drug. SCI was experimentally induced in sixteen mongrel dogs through an epidural balloon compression technique. The dogs were allocated randomly into four groups: control, MPSS, PD150606, and MPSS+PD150606. Clinical evaluation, serum biochemical, somatosensory evoked potentials, histopathological, and immunoblotting analyses were performed to assess treated dogs during the study. The current findings revealed that the combined administration of MPSS+PD150606 demonstrated considerably lower neuronal loss and microglial cell infiltration than the other groups, with a significant improvement in the locomotor score. The increased levels of inflammatory markers (GFAP and CD11) and calcium-binding proteins (Iba1 and S100) were significantly reduced in the combination group and to a lesser extent in MPSS or PD150606 treatment alone. Interestingly, the combined treatment effectively inhibited the calpain-induced cleavage of p35, limited cdk5 activation, and inhibited tau phosphorylation. These results suggest that early MPSS+PD150606 therapy after acute SCI may prevent subsequent neurodegeneration via calpain inhibition

Ammonia toxicity in Nile tilapia: Potential role of dietary baicalin on biochemical profile, antioxidant status and inflammatory gene expression

The privileges of dietary baicalin intervention as a prophylaxis were assessed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) pre and post-acute ammonia challenge. The experimental trial lasted for 4 weeks, the first group served as a control (fed a basal diet), while, the second group received diet supplemented with baicalin (0.8 g/kg diet). The third group was fed a basal diet and exposed to acute ammonia toxicity in the last week. Meanwhile, the fourth group fed diet supplemented with baicalin (0.8 g/kg diet), then exposed to unionized ammonia challenge (5 mg/L) in the last week. Dietary baicalin notably augmented immune indicators (lysozyme, respiratory burst activity, phagocytic activity assay, and immunoglobulin (Ig) and tissue antioxidant biomarkers (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)). Meanwhile, it decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), hepato-renal indicators (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, uric acid, creatinine), and stress indicators including glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and cortisol. Ammonia exposure significantly elevated stress parameters and MDA, but lessened SOD, GSH, CAT, and TAC levels in liver, gills, and kidneys tissue. Dietary baicalin and ammonia exposure induced interaction impacts on urea, creatinine, cortisol, glucose, lysozyme, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Prior to ammonia exposure, baicalin administration clearly decreased urea. Fish fed enriched diet with - baicalin showed no changes in stress biomarkers before ammonia exposure, meanwhile reduced it after the ammonia challenge. Dietary baicalin alleviated fluctuations induced by ammonia in all above-mentioned parameters. And alleviated the altered gene expression for Hsp70, Nf-κB, Myd88, traf6, Nrf2, Ho-1, Il-1β, Il-8, TNF-α, and TLR-4 induced by ammonia toxicity. Taken together, it has been recommended to use baicalin for 3 weeks to mitigate ammonia-induced-oxidative damage, immune impairment, stress condition, hepato-renal failure, antioxidant and inflammatory gene expression in O. niloticus