Knowledge levels of fetal rights in Turkish pediatric nurses

BACKGROUND Fetal rights are violated due to acts such as negligence, ignorance, false beliefs and substance addiction. Pediatric nurses, as defenders of the fetus, should inform pregnant women and the family about the rights of the fetus and assist the family in the decision-making process. This study aims to determine the knowledge levels of pediatric nurses on fetal rights. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 121 nurses working in the pediatric clinic of a training and research hospital. Data about characteristics of pediatric nurses and knowledge levels about fetal rights were collected. Statistical analyses were made with SPSS package program. Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test was used to analyse the data. RESULTS In this study, it was found that 76.9% of the pediatric nurses participating in the study did not have prior knowledge about fetal rights. There was a statistically significant difference between the participants’ mean scores of knowledge levels about fetal rights and their age, educational status, status of prior knowledge about fetal rights and where this knowledge was gained (p<0.05). CONCLUSION As a result, it was found that most of the pediatric nurses did not have prior knowledge about fetal rights, and that their knowledge about fetal rights was lacking. Considering that pediatric nurses, as the defenders of the fetus, have a duty to inform the family about fetal rights, it is recommended to plan trainings on fetal rights for pediatric nurses

Correction of Angular Deformities with Ilizarov External Fixator in Dogs

In this study, ten dogs with different breed, ages and genders were used for treathment of angular deformities. The limb deformities were discovered from the mediolateral and craniocaulal images of the preoperative radiographs. Apex of the deformity and the deformity plane were determined using graphical methods. Following ulnar ostectomy, rings were fixed to the distal and proximal segment of radius mall cases. After fixation of the wires to the ring. radial osteotomy was performed. Deformations were corrected immediately in two case and progressively in eight cases. Latency period ranged from 3-7 days (in immature dogs 3-5 days, mature dogs 5-7 days). A distraction rate of 1 mm day(-1) was used in all dogs. Distraction was performed twice daily in all dogs. Minor wire track inflamation occured in eight dogs with three dogs also having wire track infection. No post-operative neurological impairment was observed in any dogs. Follow-up evalution by clinical and radiological examination ranged from 95-150 days. Limb functions were assessed to be excellent in four dogs, good in four dogs and fair in two dogs

Paratracheal air cysts: prevalence and relevance to pulmonary emphysema and bronchiectasis using thoracic multidetector CT

PURPOSEWe aimed to determine the prevalence of paratracheal air cysts (PTACs) and the relationship of PTACs with emphysema and bronchiectasis through retrospective analysis of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings.METHODSMDCT findings of 1027 consecutive patients who underwent routine thorax examination between January 2012 and January 2013 were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of PTACs. Localization of the PTACs, as well as their size, shape, and relationship with the trachea were examined. Presence of emphysema and bronchiectasis was recorded, and bronchiectasis severity index was calculated when present. We randomly selected 80 patients who had no visible PTACs as the control group. The findings of patients with and without PTACs were compared.RESULTSPTACs were determined in 82 of 1027 patients (8%), in 8.8% of females and 7.3% of males. The presence of PTACs was determined to be independent of gender (P = 0.361). Eighty-one PTACs (98.8%) were located in the right side of the trachea and 56.1% had a tracheal connection. The presence of PTACs significantly correlated with the presence and severity of bronchiectasis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.005 respectively). There was no significant relationship between the presence of PTACs and the presence of emphysema on CT images (P = 0.125).CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of PTACs was determined as 8% in this study. There was significant association between PTACs and bronchiectasis

Prevalence, classification and dental treatment requirements of dens invaginatus by cone-beam computed tomography

Background. This study aimed the evaluation of the prevalence, characteristics, types of dens invaginatus (DI) and co-observed dental anomalies to understand dental treatment requirements in anterior teeth that are susceptible to developmental anomalies by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. In this retrospective study, the anterior teeth of 958 patients were evaluated by using CBCT for the presence of DI. The demographic features, types of DI and treatment requirements were also recorded. The association between sex and the presence of DI was evaluated using chi-squared test. Results. Seventy-three DI anomalies were detected in the anterior teeth of 49 patients (18 females, 31 males). The frequency of DI was 5.11% and the most frequently involved teeth were lateral (57.53%). Forty-six teeth were classified as Type I (63.01%), 24 as Type II (32.87%), and three as Type III (4.10%). Apical pathosis was found to be 20.54% in all DIs detected and accounted for all Type III and one-third of Type II. Conclusions. CBCT imaging can be effective in the detection of dental anomalies such as DI and planning for root canal therapy and surgical treatments. Prophylactic interventions might be possible to prevent apical pathosis with the data obtained from CBCT images

Clinical Study Comparison of Efficiencies of Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, Neurothesiometer, and Electromyography for Diagnosis of Diabetic Neuropathy

Aim. This study compares the effectiveness of Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), neurothesiometer, and electromyography (EMG) in detecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes type 2. Materials and Methods. 106 patients with diabetes type 2 treated at the outpatient clinic of Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital Department of Endocrinology between September 2008 and May 2009 were included in this study. Patients were evaluated by glycemic regulation tests, MNSI (questionnaire and physical examination), EMG (for detecting sensorial and motor defects in right median, ulnar, posterior tibial, and bilateral sural nerves), and neurothesiometer (for detecting alterations in cold and warm sensations as well as vibratory sensations). Results. According to the MNSI score, there was diabetic peripheral neuropathy in 34 (32.1%) patients (score ≥2.5). However, when the patients were evaluated by EMG and neurothesiometer, neurological impairments were detected in 49 (46.2%) and 79 (74.5%) patients, respectively. Conclusion. According to our findings, questionnaires and physical examination often present lower diabetic peripheral neuropathy prevalence. Hence, we recommend that in the evaluation of diabetic patients neurological tests should be used for more accurate results and thus early treatment options to prevent neuropathic complications

Effectiveness of a multidimensional approach for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 11 adult intensive care units from 10 cities of Turkey: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional approach on the reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in adult patients hospitalized in 11 intensive care units (ICUs), from 10 hospitals, members of the INICC, in 10 cities of Turkey. Methods: A prospective active before-after surveillance study was conducted to determine the effect of the INICC multidimensional approach in the VAP rate. The study was divided into two phases. In phase 1, active prospective surveillance of VAP was conducted using the definitions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Health Safety Network, and the INICC methods. In phase 2, we implemented the multidimensional approach for VAP. The INICC multidimensional approach included the following measures: (1) bundle of infection control interventions, (2) education, (3) outcome surveillance, (4) process surveillance, (5) feedback of VAP rates, and (6) performance feedback of infection control practices. We compared the rates of VAP obtained in each phase. A time series analysis was performed to assess the impact of our approach. Results: In phase 1, we recorded 2,376 mechanical ventilator (MV)-days, and in phase 2, after implementing the multidimensional approach, we recorded 28,181 MV-days. The rate of VAP was 31.14 per 1,000 MV-days during phase 1, and 16.82 per 1,000 MV-days during phase 2, amounting to a 46 % VAP rate reduction (RR, 0.54; 95 % CI, 0.42-0.7; P value, 0.0001.) Conclusions: The INICC multidimensional approach was associated with a significant reduction in the VAP rate in these adult ICUs of Turkey. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009

The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Detecting pain in people with dementia : A literature review of nursing care

Background: Pain can be a constant problem in many older people's daily life, associated with particular physical and social disability, depression and poor quality of life. Dementia diseases are often associated with old age. Communication difficulties are one of the consequences of the disease, which clarifies the role of nursing staff in detecting and assessing pain. Objective: The aim was to compile knowledge about how nursing staff can identify pain in people with dementia. Method: A systematic literature review, where data were collected through manual and database searches. Databases Cinahl, Pubmed and electronic journal Health in the Nordic countries were used. Results: The results showed that pain-identification can be improved by knowing how the pain is reflected in different forms through physical and psychological reactions. Nursing staff knowledge and beliefs were essential for reliable pain assessment. It was also important to be able to see the relationship between cognitive function and pain perception, and to have access to pain assessment tools adapted to individual conditions. Conclusion: Living with constant pain can lead to unnecessary suffering and reduced quality of life. It’s important to be alert to changes in behaviours and habits of daily life. To provide good care, requires knowledge and engagement in caring for people with dementia.Bakgrund: Smärta som kan vara ett ständigt problem i många äldres dagliga liv, förenad medbland annat fysiska och sociala handikapp, depression samt dålig livskvalitet.Demenssjukdom innefattar skador i hjärnan som ofta är förknippade med hög ålder.Kommunikationssvårighet är en av sjukdomens konsekvenser, vilket tydliggörvårdpersonalens roll i att upptäcka och bedöma smärta. Syfte: Syftet var att sammanställakunskap om hur vårdpersonalen kan identifiera smärta hos personer med demenssjukdom.Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie, där datainsamling genomfördes via manuella ochdatabassökningar. Databaser Cinahl, Pubmed och elektronisk tidskriften Vård i Nordenanvändes. Resultat: Resultatet visade att smärtidentifiering kan förbättras genom att kännatill hur smärta speglar sig i olika uttryck genom fysiska och psykosociala reaktioner.Vårdpersonalens kunskap och förståelse var grundläggande förutsättningar för att uppnåadekvat bedömning och behandling av smärta. Viktigt var det också att kunna se sambandmellan kognitiv funktion och smärtupplevelse samt att ha tillgång tillsmärtskattningsinstrument som är anpassade efter individers behov och möjligheter.Slutsats: Att leva med ständig smärta kan leda till onödigt lidande och försämrad livskvalitet.Det är viktigt att vara uppmärksam på förändringar i beteende, vanor och mönster i detdagliga livet. För att kunna ge en god omvårdnad, krävs det kunskap samt engagemang ivårdande av personer med demenssjukdom

How does reimbursement status affect smoking cessation interventions? A real-life experience from the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey

onal, ozgur/0000-0001-6514-2120WOS: 000457575200005PubMed: 31582917INTRODUCTION in the last decade, outpatient smoking cessation clinics (SCCs) in Turkey have been extended countrywide. Initially, only counseling was covered under health insurance. in 2011 and 2015, free varenicline and bupropion preparations were distributed to SCCs, periodically. in the current study we aimed to compare outcomes between the free and paid medication periods. METHODS Patients applied to the local SCC in a secondary health care unit between June 2014 and June 2017. They were evaluated for SC interventions and had phone visits after their third month; these records were included in the study. Patients were grouped and evaluated according to medication's reimbursement status: free medication period (FP) and paid medication period (PMP). RESULTS in total, 733 patients applied to the SCC, 77.7% of them had applied during the FP. Analyses were made involving 417 patients who had records of third-month phone visit. Mean age of the patients was 44.0 +/- 13.7 years with the majority of patients (65%) being male. Sociodemographic characteristics of patients in both groups were not statistically different, while the percentage of patients with comorbid diseases was lower in the FP group (p<0.05). Treatment choices were different-the bupropion-prescribed group's rate was similar in both periods (53.5% in PMP vs 52.0% in FP), however varenicline was mostly prescribed in the FP (35.8% vs 14.1%) while nicotine replacement therapy was mostly prescribed in the PMP (32.4% vs 12.1%) (p<0.05). Patients who used the advised treatment for at least 30 days (treatment adherent) and the rate of quitters at the third month were higher in FP (p<0.05) from univariate analysis, however these differences were not statistically significant when a multivariate analysis was performed. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the free medication period increased the quit attempts but the increased in treatment adherence and quit success of the participating smokers was not obvious