Small and medium-sized business in Malaysian economy: case of Turkish entrepreneurs in Kuala Lumpur

Small and medium-sized businesses (SMSB) become increasingly important for the whole world with their compatibility and flexibility structures. These small and Medium-sized business, which provide a large portion of production with their adaptability features in changes, which play a significant role in economies in the rapidly changing and intense competition world as well. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the common problems of Turkish origin SMSB operating in the capital city Kuala Lumpur of Malaysia will be examined in terms of governance and efficiency. The subject matter will be investigated theoretically on the basis of business through conducting survey and questionnaire methods which will be analyzed by SPSS. Keywords: Turkish Investors; Entrepreneurship; Management; Organization; Malaysian Economy. JEL Codes: A11, L26, F21 and O5

THE EFFECTS OF UNDER GRADUATE STUDENTS' MENTAL (PSYCHOLOGİCAL) TOUGHNESS ON THE LEADERSHİP LEVEL

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between mental endurance and leadership levels of the candidates who are studying in Erciyes University School of Physical Education and Sports Inspection. The student's universe consists of 436 students of Physical Education and Sports. As means of data collection in the survey were used Mental (psychological) endurance scale, Leadership orientation scale and Personal information form. Statistical analyzes were performed with the SPSS 20.0 package of data obtained from Personal Information Form, Mental (Psychological) endurance and Leadership orientation scale. The personal information and inventory total scores and factor scores for the candidates were determined by determining frequency (f) and percent (%) values. Multiple regression analysis was applied to determine whether Pearson Moments Multiplication Correlation analysis (r) and their scores were predictive in order to reveal the relationship between scores obtained from the scales. (Β). While there is a low level of positive relationship between self-confidence and human resources framework and negative environmental and structural environmental scores, there was no significant relationship between attention control, visualization, level of motivation, positive energy and attitude control scores, structural environment, human resources framework, political environment and symbolic environmental scores. The model presents a meaningful relationship between negative energy and leadership orientations. When the t-test results on the significance of the regression coefficient are examined, structural environment leadership orientation, mental stability and 13% of the total variance. There was no significant relationship between self-confidence, attention control, visualization, motivation level, positive energy and attitude control, and leadership orientation, and mental stability was not predictive of leadership orientations. As a result; It is thought that the individuals with high mental stability show effective leadership behaviors and the positive attitudes and behavioral behaviors demonstrated by the leadership strengthen the mental endurance of the individuals

The role of cash waqf in property alleviation: case of Malaysia

Poverty alleviation has always been one of the biggest challenges faced by the Malaysian government. Since the establishment of the New Economic Policy in the 1970s, the battle faced by the Malaysian government against poverty continues up till today. Although the current government policies used for eradicating poverty have lead to favourable results, the government, private sector and NGOs are always in the lookout for other new strategies that could be used as one of the tools to alleviate poverty. The emergence of cash waqf in Malaysia, gives a different light to the formulation of strategies that can be used in improving the quality of lives of the ones burdened by poverty. The rapid development of cash waqf in Malaysia has reached great lengths in these recent years. The increasing awareness among the general public is one of the contributing factors to this phenomenon. The religious state department and waqf centers in Malaysia are also active in developing more contemporary waqf instruments that are beneficial to the general public. This increases the prospects of cash waqf to play a more prominent role in poverty alleviating initiatives in Malaysia. In the light if this issue, the objective of this paper is to look into the potential of integrating cash waqf with the poverty alleviation initiatives in Malaysia. Besides that, this paper also attempts to analyze other forms of cash waqf utilization, beyond religious purposes. Keywords: Poverty alleviation, cash waqf, Malaysia, tools, strategie

The role of cash waqf in property alleviation: case of Malaysia

Poverty alleviation has always been one of the biggest challenges faced by the Malaysian government. Since the establishment of the New Economic Policy in the 1970s, the battle faced by the Malaysian government against poverty continues up till today. Although the current government policies used for eradicating poverty have lead to favourable results, the government, private sector and NGOs are always in the lookout for other new strategies that could be used as one of the tools to alleviate poverty. The emergence of cash waqf in Malaysia, gives a different light to the formulation of strategies that can be used in improving the quality of lives of the ones burdened by poverty. The rapid development of cash waqf in Malaysia has reached great lengths in these recent years. The increasing awareness among the general public is one of the contributing factors to this phenomenon. The religious state department and waqf centers in Malaysia are also active in developing more contemporary waqf instruments that are beneficial to the general public. This increases the prospects of cash waqf to play a more prominent role in poverty alleviating initiatives in Malaysia. In the light if this issue, the objective of this paper is to look into the potential of integrating cash waqf with the poverty alleviation initiatives in Malaysia. Besides that, this paper also attempts to analyze other forms of cash waqf utilization, beyond religious purpose

Comparison of results of conservative method and plate fixation method for the treatment of Ruedi/allgower type 1 Pilon fractures

The aim of this study was to compare the results of cast application and plate fixation in the management of Ruedi/Allgower type I Pilon fracturesPatients and methods: Forty-two patients (24 females, 18 males) with Ruedi/Allgower type I Pilon fractures were retrospectively reviewed. Sixteen patients (Group 1) (10 females, 6 males; mean age 43 years; range 18-56) had been treated with cast application and 26 patients (Group 2) (14 females, 12 males; mean age 37.7 years; range 19-52) had been treated with plate fixation. All patients were diagnosed with X-ray. Radiologic examinations were made using Ovadia and Beal’s criteria. Long term functional results of foot and ankle were evaluated according to the Tenny and Wiss citeria. The mean follow-up period was 28 months (range 12-44) in Group 1 and 31 months (range 16-46) in Group 2.Results: Mean reduction quality score was 12 points in Group 1, and 10 points in Group 2. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). Mean long term functional results of foot and ankle scored 84 and 86 in Group 1, and Group 2, respectively (p>0.05). Time to union was not different between both groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: Although the quality of reduction obtained with cast application was not as satisfactory as plate fixation; good results could be obtained in both groups regarding long term functions

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. Methods We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. Findings Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. Interpretation As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed