Efecto ortopédico del arco extraoral con férula acrílica y tracción accipital: una opción para el manejo de clase II

This malocclusion in growth is altered by affecting the skeletal, dental, functional and aesthetic relations of the individual. Aesthetics being the main reason for treatment of patients with this malocclusion. There are different mechanisms for the correction of this alteration, it can be the use of braces to orthognathic surgery. The report of this case corresponds to a female patient of 7 years old, skeletal class II by mandibular retrusión, gingival smile and neutral growth pattern. In the treatment was used a extraoral arch with acrylic splint and occipital traction, with 500 g of force per side for 12 hours a day for 2 years. Among the most outstanding results was: mandibular growth, decrease the overjet and gingival smile.En esta maloclusión se altera el crecimiento por lo que se afectan las relaciones esqueléticas, dentales, funcionales y estéticas del individuo. Siendo la estética la principal razón de tratamiento de los pacientes con esta maloclusión. Existen diferentes mecanismos para la corrección de este tipo de alteraciones, desde el uso de aparatos ortopédicos hasta la cirugía ortognática. El reporte de este caso corresponde a una paciente femenina de 7 años , clase II esqueletal por retrusión mandibular, sonrisa gingival y crecimiento neutro, se le indicó el usos de arco extraoral con férula de acrílico y tracción occipital, con 500 g de fuerza por lado durante 12 horas al día por 2 años. Dentro de los resultados mas sobresalientes fue: crecimiento mandibular, disminución de la sobremordida horizontal, sonrisa gingival y armonía en el perfil facial

Índice Colectivo de Fluorosis dental en una escuela secundaria del municipio de Tepic, Nayarit

Determine the index group of dental Fluorosis in a secondary school in Tepic. Material and methods: The universe of study was made for the realization of this research it was 794 students 12-15 years of age, belonging to the Technical Secondary School No. 1 Jesus Romero Flores, the morning shift, the municipality of Tepic Nayarit. Inclusion criteria were: students from 12 to 15 years old with fully erupting permanent teeth submit a letter of informed parental or guardian, who were born and reside in Tepic Nayarit consent. Exclusion criteria were: students with orthodontic treatment or rehabilitation of the buccal surfaces of the teeth. Results: Found 142 students without fluorosis, contentious in 144 students, very light at 123 students, light 34 students, moderate fluorosis in 8 students and only 1 student dental was intense. The collective index of dental fluorosis was 0.8.Determinar el índice Colectivo de Fluorosis dental en una escuela secundaria de Tepic. Material y métodos: El universo de estudio que se tomó para la realización de esta investigación fue de 794 estudiantes de 12 a 15 años de edad, pertenecientes a la Escuela Secundaria Técnica número 1, Jesús Romero Flores, del turno matutino, del municipio de Tepic Nayarit, del ciclo escolar 2012 – 2013. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estudiantes de 12 a 15 años edad con dentición permanente totalmente erupcionado, que presenten carta de consentimiento informado de los padres o tutor, que hayan nacido y radiquen en Tepic Nayarit. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: estudiantes con tratamiento de ortodoncia o rehabilitaciones de las caras vestibulares de los dientes. Resultados: Se encontraron 142 estudiantes sin fluorosis, discutible en 144 estudiantes, muy ligera en 123 estudiantes, ligera en 34 estudiantes, moderada en 8 estudiantes y tan sólo en 1 estudiante la fluorosis dental fue intensa. El Índice colectivo de fluorosis dental fue de 0.8

Prevalencia de Fluorosis dental en una escuela secundaria del municipio de Tepic, Nayarit

In Mexico the dental fluorosis has been reported mainly in the States of the north and center of the country, There are few reports of the prevalence of fluorosis in the State of Nayarit. Material and methods: The universe of study taken to carry out this research was 794 students from 12 to 15 years of age, belonging to the Escuela Secundaria Técnica número 1, Jesús Romero Flores, of the morning shift, the municipality of Tepic Nayarit, in the 2012-2013 school year. The inclusion criteria were: students from 12 to 15 years old with permanent dentition, presenting letter of consent from parents or guardians, who were born and are in Tepic Nayarit. Exclusion criteria were: students with braces or the expensive teeth vestibular rehabilitation. Results: the 68.8% study population with dental fluorosis. The female population presented the 71.98% fluorosis and the men of the 65.59%.En México la fluorosis dental ha sido reportada principalmente en los estados del norte y centro del país, existen pocos reportes de la prevalencia de fluorosis en el estado de Nayarit. Material y métodos: El universo de estudio que se tomó para la realización de esta investigación fue de 794 estudiantes de 12 a 15 años de edad, pertenecientes a la Escuela Secundaria Técnica número 1, Jesús Romero Flores, del turno matutino, del municipio de Tepic Nayarit, del ciclo escolar 2012 – 2013. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estudiantes de 12 a 15 años edad con dentición permanente totalmente erupcionada, que presenten carta de consentimiento informado de los padres o tutor, que hayan nacido y radiquen en Tepic Nayarit. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: estudiantes con tratamiento de ortodoncia o rehabilitaciones de las caras vestibulares de los dientes. Resultados: Se encontró un 68.8% de la población de estudio con fluorosis dental. La población del sexo femenino presento el 71.98% de fluorosis y los hombres el 65.59%

Diverse Cell Death Mechanisms Are Simultaneously Activated in Macrophages Infected by Virulent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>

Macrophages are necessary to eliminate pathogens. However, some pathogens have developed mechanisms to avoid the immune response. One of them is modulating the cell death mechanism to favor pathogen survival. In this study, we evaluated if virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) can simultaneously activate more than one cell death mechanism. We infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in vitro with avirulent (H37Ra) and virulent (H37Rv) strains, and then we measured molecules involved in apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Our data showed that H37Rv infection increased the BCL-2 transcript and protein, decreased the BAX transcript, and increased phosphorylated BCL-2 at the protein level. Moreover, H37Rv infection increased the expression of the molecules involved in the necroptotic pathway, such as ASK1, p-38, RIPK1, RIPK3, and caspase-8, while H37Ra increased caspase-8 and decreased RIPK3 at the transcriptional level. In addition, NLRP3 and CASP1 expression was increased at low MOI in both strains, while IL-1β was independent of virulence but dependent on infection MOI, suggesting the activation of pyroptosis. These findings suggest that virulent M. tb inhibits the apoptosis mediated by BCL-2 family molecules but, at the same time, increases the expression of molecules involved in apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis at the transcriptional and protein levels, probably as a mechanism to avoid the immune response and guarantee its survival

Consultorías empresariales y negocios internacionales

On entrepreneurship, innovation, competitiveness, logistic performance, sales, marketing, among other everyday concepts of the economic world, you can continue writing full pages for the enjoyment of a reader, but achieve interact experiences of entrepreneurships that have the chapters of the book along with the The conformation of the foreign trade observatories (OCE) is a contribution with non-everyday ingredients to a task with many edges for understanding. Research to identify the factors that determine the logistics performance of SMEs in the logistics operator sector will provide the reader with a clear summary of a field work. Entrepreneurship and innovation as key factors in competitiveness are broken down between expectations and challenges of business development. The authors show us the perspective of the social and corporate fabric from the disruptive scenarios of recovery. In the chapters referring to the three experiences with a descriptive approach: identify the weaknesses and business development of the productive units of the beekeeping sector in the Department of Sucre, Colombia. Analyze the negotiating profile of sales employees of the hardware sector in Valledupar and shared the design of the marketing-based organizational philosophy for the tourism association (ATAV) in the village of Agua de la Virgen, jurisdiction of Ocaña, Norte de Santander Colombia Undoubtedly, the conformation of the foreign trade observatories (OCE) as a strategic academic body for universities corresponds to the best argument of diligent propositive alliances for the benefit of the regional and national economic sector in Colombia with the product of research has been the Response to the challenges of trade. For the previous comments and with the certainty that the narrations of the book will catch you, I invite you to enjoy it. My thanks to the Costa Atlántica Polytechnic, the Latin American University Corporation, the University of the Coast, the American University Corporation, the Simón Bolívar University and the Caribbean University Corporation, for the invitation deference, clarification from the observer's platform, their personal efforts and with The confidence for a better memory in alliances to continue with his legacy to the community.Sobre emprendimiento, innovación, competitividad, desempeño logístico, ventas, marketing, entre otros conceptos cotidianos del mundo económico se podrán seguir escribiendo páginas completas para el disfrute de un lector, pero lograr interactuar las experiencias de emprendimientos que muestran los capítulos del libro junto con la conformación de los observatorios de comercio exterior (OCE) es un aporte con ingredientes no cotidiano a una tarea de muchas aristas para el entendimiento. La investigación para Identificar los factores que determinan el desempeño logístico de las pymes del sector de operadores logísticos proporcionará al lector con claridad el resumen de un trabajo de campo. El emprendimiento e innovación como factores claves en la competitividad se desglosan entre expectativas y retos del desarrollo empresarial. Nos muestran sus autores la prospectiva del tejido social y corporativo a partir de los escenarios disruptivos de recuperación del mismo. En los capítulos referido a las tres experiencias con enfoque descriptivo: identifican las debilidades y fortalecimiento empresarial de las unidades productivas del sector apícola en Departamento de Sucre, Colombia.&nbsp; Analizan del perfil negociador de los empleados de ventas del sector ferretero en Valledupar y comparten el diseño de la filosofía organizacional basado en el marketing para la asociación de turismo (ATAV) en la vereda del Agua de la Virgen, jurisdicción de Ocaña, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Sin duda, la conformación de los observatorios de comercio exterior (OCE) como un organismo académico estratégico para las Universidades corresponde&nbsp; el mejor argumento de alianzas propositivas diligentes para el beneficio del sector económico Regional y Nacional en Colombia con el producto de las investigaciones&nbsp; ha sido la respuesta a los retos del comercio. Por los comentarios anteriores y con la seguridad que las narraciones del libro lo atraparan,&nbsp;&nbsp; le invito a disfrutarlo. Mis agradecimientos al Politécnico Costa Atlántica, la Corporación Universitaria Latinoamericana, la Universidad de la Costa, Corporación Universitaria Americana, Universidad Simón Bolívar y a la Corporación Universitaria Del Caribe, &nbsp;por la deferencia de invitarme, aclamo desde la tribuna del observador, sus gestiones&nbsp; individuales&nbsp; y&nbsp; con la confianza por un mejor porvenir en&nbsp; alianzas&nbsp; para continuar&nbsp; con su legado a la comunidad.&nbsp;&nbsp

CONSULTORIAS EMPRESARIALES Y NEGOCIOS INTERNACIONALES

The purpose of this document is to present the analysis of the negotiating profileof the employees of the sales area of a hardware store in the city of Valledupar inwhich 31 salespeople were surveyed according to the criteria of the profile of thenegotiator of the Marrero and Ortiz model. It was possible to identify through anexploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis that the orientation of the employeesof the company was directed to the collaboration and satisfaction of the collectiveneeds of the individuals involved, in the same way it was established that in theemployees of this union the Compliance with duty with responsibility and ethicsplays a very important role when it comes to establishing negotiations.El prop´osito del presente documento es el de exponer el an´alisis del perfil negociadorde los empleados del ´area de ventas de una ferreter´ıa en la ciudad de Valleduparen la que se encuestaron a 31 vendedores de acuerdo a los criterios del perfil delnegociador del modelo de Marrero y Ortiz (2016). Se logr´o identificar mediante unan´alisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio que la orientaci´on de los empleadosde la empresa estaba dirigida a la colaboraci´on y a la satisfacci´on de las necesidadescolectivas de los individuos involucrados, de la misma manera se estableci´o que enlos empleados de este gremio el cumplimiento del deber con responsabilidad y ´eticajuega un papel muy importante a la hora de establecer negociaciones

A low steady HBsAg seroprevalence is associated with a low incidence of HBV-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Mexico: a systematic review

To address the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity and HBV-related liver diseases in Mexico. Research literature reporting on HBsAg and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) prevalence in Mexican study groups were searched in NLM Gateway, PubMed, IMBIOMED, and others. Weighted mean prevalence (WMP) was calculated from the results of each study group. A total of 50 studies were analyzed. Three nationwide surveys revealed an HBsAg seroprevalence of less than 0.3%. Horizontal transmission of HBV infection occurred mainly by sexual activity and exposure to both contaminated surgical equipment and body fluids. High-risk groups exposed to these factors included healthcare workers, pregnant women, female sex workers, hemodialysis patients, and emergency department attendees with an HBsAg WMP ranging from 1.05% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–1.43) to 14.3% (95% CI, 9.5–19.1). A higher prevalence of anti-HBc in adults than those younger than 20 years was associated with the main risk factors. Anti-HBc WMP ranged from 3.13% (95% CI, 3.01–3.24) in blood donors to 27.7% (95% CI, 21.6–33.9) in hemodialysis patients. A heterogeneous distribution of HBV infection was detected, mainly in native Mexican groups with a high anti-HBc WMP of 42.0% (95% CI, 39.5–44.3) but with a low HBsAg WMP of 2.9% (95% CI 2.08–3.75). Estimations of the Mexican population growth rate and main risk factors suggest that HBsAg seroprevalence has remained steady since 1974. A low HBsAg prevalence is related to the low incidence of HBV-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) previously reported in Mexico

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified