Combined Effects of Dietary Bacillus subtilis and Trans-cinnamic Acid on Growth Performance, Whole Body Compositions, Digestive Enzymes and Intestinal bacteria in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In this study, the combined effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis (BS, 10 7 g/cfu) and different levels (0.025%, 0.050%, 0.075% and 0.150%) of trans-cinnamic acid (CA) on fish growth performance, whole body compositions, digestive enzymes, intestinal bacteria and internal organ index of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Six different experimental groups including control group (C), C+BS, 0.025%CA+BS, 0.050%CA+BS, 0.075CA+BS, 0.150%CA+BS) were established. According to the results obtained, growth performance, whole body compositions and digestive pH were not statistically significant among groups. Further, no significant differences were found between experimental groups in terms of the intestinal enzymes (trypsin, alkaline phosphatase and lipase) and gastric pepsin. Significantly higher levels of intestinal amylase were found in the control+BS, 0.025%CA+BS, 0.050% CA+BS, and 0.075%CA+BS compared to the control and 0.150%CA+BS groups. Moreover, coliform and Enterobacteriaceae counts were highest in the control+B. subtilis and lowest in the 0.150% CA + B. subtilis groups

The efficacy of active warming in preventing unplanned hypothermia during perioperative period in pediatric surgery patients in a tertiary care center

Aim: To investigate the effects of using the active warming method on children with hypothermia in the perioperative period and examining the effects of hypothermia on awakening time, pain, shivering and hospital stay. Methods: This study included patients 18 years of age and younger who underwent surgery in the pediatric surgery department of a tertiary hospital. The active warming group consisted of 28 patients and the control group consisted of 29 patients. The first group of patients was actively warmed during the surgery and the second group was treated as the control group and did not actively receive any warming therapy. Preoperative body temperatures of the cases were measured. In addition, body temperatures were recorded every 15 minutes in the intraoperative and postoperative periods. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative body temperature between the control group and the active warming group. When body temperature were examined in the intraoperative period, there was no significant difference between the groups at the first 15 minutes of operation; however, the mean of the body temperature in active warming group was significantly higher than the control group at the 30th, 45th , and 60th minutes of operation. It was determined that patients in the control group had a longer stay in the hospital and the amount of time for waking at the end of the anesthesia was shorter in the active heating group than in the control group. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that active heating with a carbon fiber resistant system is an effective method to prevent unplanned hypothermia in operated children

Odnos ızmeđu boje bazena ı prırasta mlađı evropskog brancına (dıcentrarchus labrax)

Dizajn sistema za gajenje riba je veoma bitan za održivu i visoko profitabilnu proizvodnju u akvakulturi. Različitim vrstama riba potrebani su drugačije dizajnirani sistemi i veštačke sredine. Sistemi u zatvorenom prostoru su korisni za mrestilišta a tankovi su veštačka staništa za vrste gajene u tim sistemima. Prethodna istraživanja pokazuju da boja zida bazena utiče na nivo stresa kod riba (Rotlant et al., 2003) i parametre koji utiču na rast, a dobrobit riba može da bude ugrožena u stresnim uslovima (De Silva and Anderson 1994). Cilj ovog istraživanja je da ispita efekte koje različite boje zidova tankova imaju na prirast mlađi Evropskog brancina (Dicentrarchus labrax). 480 jedinki mlađi nasumice su raspoređene u 12 identičnih plastičnih tankova (40 jedinki po tanku). Zapremina svakog bazena iznosila je 40 litara. U triplikatu su korišćene četiri različite boje bazena (crvena, zelena, plava i svetlo žuta). Riba je hranjena komercijalnom hranomn za brancina 2 puta dnevno u period od 60 dana. Najveći prirast dostigla je riba gajena u crvenim bazenima, dok je riba gajena u žutim bazenima imala najmanji prirast. Prethodna istraživanja su pokazala da boja zida bazena utiče na prirast ribe u uslovima gajenja i da je različitim vrstama riba potrebna drugačija boja bazena da bi postigle najbolji prirast (Duray et al., 1996; Rotland et al., 2003; Imanpoor and Abdollahi, 2011). Rezultati pokazuju da boja bazena utiče na prirast riba u uslovima gajenja

MDP based Decision Support for Earthquake Damaged Distribution System Restoration

As the society becomes more dependent on the presence of electricity, the resilience of the power systems gains more importance. This paper develops a decision support method for distribution system operators to restore electricity after an earthquake to the maximum number of customers in the minimum expected duration. The proposed method employs Markov Decision Process (MDP) to determine the optimal restoration scheme. In order to determine the probability of the field component damage due to the earthquake, the Probability of Failure ($P_f$) of structures are calculated using the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values recorded by observatories and earthquake research centers during the earthquake

Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbine Towers with Different Designs by Finite Elements Method

It is known that the use of renewable energy has an increasing trend in whole world. Wind energy is one of the renewable energy types, as well is among the cleanest and most economical energy sources. Nowadays, in order to provide much more energy from wind, turbine towers are being built higher and the turbine blades have begun to be manufactured longer. Due to these applications, tower and turbine weights are continuously increasing. For this reason, it is necessary to optimize the materials used as well as the dimensions of the turbine towers. In the present study, behavior of TLP floating wind turbine towers with three different designs under wave, hydrostatic and static loads were investigated. In order to clarify the effect of these loads, turbine designs were analyzed in the ratio of 1/5 using finite elements method. Steel, reinforced concrete and hybrid (reinforced concrete and steel) wind turbine towers tied to sea floor at a depth of 10 meters rigidly by TLP floating method. In this context, 10-meter-high turbine towers having three different designs which static analyzed previously were used for investigate effects of wave and hydrostatic loads. Turbine structures analyzed with ABAQUS finite elements model. The deformations and stress values of underwater turbine structures were obtained and compared with each other. As it can be seen from analysis results, compared to the reinforced concrete design, the displacement of steel tower design decreased 77.84%. It is seen that the torsion effect was dominant in the steel tower design. However, the decreasing displacement value for steel design was recorded as 44.43% compared to the hybrid tower design

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Growth And Feed Consumption Of Young Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Exposed To Different Photoperiods

A feeding experiment was carried out in a brackish water (18 ppt) flow-through system to deter- mine the effects of different photoperiods (light hours/dark hours; L/D) on feed intake and growth performance of young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Duplicate groups of fish (35.32 g avg body wt) were exposed to a natural photoperiod, a long photoperiod (16L/8D) or a continu- ous photoperiod (24L/0D) for 60 days and fed to satiation twice a day. The growth rate, daily feed intake and feeding rate in the natural photoperiod were significantly lower (p0.05) from the natural photoperiod. Survival was not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the treatment. For better growth and a lower food conversion rate, the long photoperiod is recommended for young rainbow trout

Changes In Blood Ion Levels And Mortality Rates In Different Sized Rainbow Trout (Oncorhychus Mykiss) Following Direct Transfer To Sea Water

Plasma ion values and mortality rates were compared for 450 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of three sizes following direct transfer from fresh water to Black Sea water of about 18 ppt. In fish of 14.29±0.30 g, plasma Na+, Cl- and K+ levels significantly (p<0.05) rose above ini- tial values five days after the transfer and peaked at 178.6±5.66, 153.9±0.14 and 1.14±0.04 mM/l, respectively. In 20.45±0.48 g fish, these values also rose significantly, reaching 172.4±4.24, 151.8±6.65 and 0.98±0.04 mM/l by day 5. In fish of 29.91±0.99 g, however, plasma Na+ and Cl- concentrations peaked 19 days after transfer, reaching only 165.5±6.43 and 142.9±8.34 mM/l, while plasma K+ reached its highest concentration of 1.02±0.06 mM/l on day 12, All three concentrations dropped to near initial values on day 26. In all groups, the plasma Ca2+ level rose significantly (p<0.05) above the initial value five days after transfer and then declined while the plasma P5+ concentration dropped on day 5, reaching a minimum on day 12 and recovering the initial level on day 26. The lowest mortality (8.0±1.89%) was recorded in the 30 g group, followed by 19.3±0.94% and 24.7±0.94% in the 20 g and 14 g groups. The failure of the smallest fish to adapt after direct transfer to sea water was likely due to excessively high plasma Na+ and Cl- concentrations and tissue dehydration, indicating that fish of 30 g best adapt to a seawater environment of 18 ppt

The Protein Sparing Effects Of High Lipid Levels In Diets For Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss, W. 1792) With Special Reference To Reduction Of Total Nitrogen Excretion

This research sought to develop low-protein, high-energy (less-polluting) diets for rainbow trout to properly utilize protein and reduce total nitrogen excretion. Duplicate groups of rainbow trout were fed one of four experimental diets with a protein to energy (P:E) ratio of 25, 24, 22 or 19 mg/kJ and a lipid content of 12, 13, 17 or 26%, respectively. The diets were given to fish with a mean initial weight of 181 g for 70 days. At the conclusion of the trial, mean weights ranged from 353.17 g (94% weight gain) to 394.75 g (118% weight gain) with 100% survival in all treat- ments. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein retention increased as the dietary lipid content increased and as the P:E ratio decreased. Fish fed the 22 mg protein/kJ energy diet (17% lipid, 44% protein, 20.34 kJ/g gross energy) performed best. This indicates that the protein content in practical trout feeds can be reduced from the currently used 47% to around 44% without reduc- ing the growth rate and feed efficiency, if high quality protein is used and the gross energy is increased by lipid to about 20.34 kJ/g diet. The low-protein, high-energy diets reduced the total nitrogen excretion from the rainbow trout by 27%