649 research outputs found
Consumer protection in Turkey: law, informality and the role of the media. Monash University, Workplace and Corporate Law Research Group, Working Paper No. 21
This report is part of a University of Oxford John Fell funded collaborative project: Informality and the Media in Consumer Protection in Emerging Economies. This pilot project seeks to shed light upon consumer complaint behaviour through social media in emerging economies
Detection of eight different tospovirus species by a monoclonal antibody against the common epitope of NSs protein
Rabbit antisera against the nucleocapsid protein (NP) have been commonly used for detection of tospoviruses and classification into serogroups or serotypes. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with high specificity to the NPs have also been widely used to identify tospovirus species. Recently, a serogroup-specific MAb against the NSs protein of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) was produced by our laboratory to react with five members of WSMoV serogroup, i.e., WSMoV, Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV), Peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV) and Watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV). The epitope recognized by the NSs MAb was determined and the comparison with the reported sequences of tospoviral NSs proteins revealed that the epitope is highly conserved at the N-terminal region of NSs proteins among members of WSMoV and Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) serogroups, and Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV) serotype. When the NSs MAb was further used to react with the crude antigens of MYSV serotype, IYSV and Tomato yellow ring virus (TYRV) of IYSV serogroup, strong serological reactions, both in ELISA and western blotting, were observed. Thus, our results indicated that the NSs MAb is a useful and convenient tool for detection of the eight tospovirus species. It is also suggested that these eight Asian-type tospoviruses, i.e., WSMoV, CaCV, CCSV, PBNV, WBNV, MYSV, IYSV and TYRV, may share a common evolutionary ancesto
Impact of Subleading Corrections on Hadronic B Decays
We study the subleading corrections originating from the 3-parton (q\bar q g)
Fock states of final-state mesons in B decays. The corrections could give
significant contributions to decays involving an \omega or \eta^{(\prime)} in
the final states. Our results indicate the similarity of \omega K and \omega
\pi^- rates, of order 5\times 10^{-6}, consistent with the recent measurements.
We obtain a_2(B\to J/\psi K)\approx 0.27+0.05i, in good agreement with data.
Without resorting to the unknown singlet annihilation effects, 3-parton Fock
state contributions can enhance the branching ratios of K\eta' to the level
above 50\times 10^{-6}.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, revtex4; some typos corrected, a new figure and a
reference added, more explanations for the calculation provided, to appear in
Phys. Rev.
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Non-paraxial Split-step Finite-difference Method for Beam Propagation
A method based on symmetrized splitting of the propagation operator in the finite difference scheme for non-paraxial beam propagation is presented. The formulation allows the solution of the second order scalar wave equation without having to make the slowly varying envelope and one-way propagation approximations. The method is highly accurate and numerically efficient. Unlike most Padé approximant based methods, it is non-iterative in nature and requires less computation. The method can be used for bi-directional propagation as well
Threshold resummation for exclusive B meson decays
We argue that double logarithmic corrections need to be
resumed in perturbative QCD factorization theorem for exclusive meson
decays, when the end-point region with a momentum fraction is
important. These double logarithms, being of the collinear origin, are absorbed
into a quark jet function, which is defined by a matrix element of a quark
field attached by a Wilson line. The factorization of the jet function from the
decay is proved to all orders. Threshold resummation for
the jet function leads to a universal, {\it i.e.}, process-independent, Sudakov
factor, whose qualitative behavior is analyzed and found to smear the end-point
singularities in heavy-to-light transition form factors.Comment: 10 pages, more details are include
Spectral hardness evolution characteristics of tracking Gamma-ray Burst pulses
Employing a sample presented by Kaneko et al. (2006) and Kocevski et al.
(2003), we select 42 individual tracking pulses (here we defined tracking as
the cases in which the hardness follows the same pattern as the flux or count
rate time profile) within 36 Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) containing 527
time-resolved spectra and investigate the spectral hardness, (where
is the maximum of the spectrum), evolutionary
characteristics. The evolution of these pulses follow soft-to-hard-to-soft (the
phase of soft-to-hard and hard-to-soft are denoted by rise phase and decay
phase, respectively) with time. It is found that the overall characteristics of
of our selected sample are: 1) the evolution in the rise
phase always start on the high state (the values of are always
higher than 50 keV); 2) the spectra of rise phase clearly start at higher
energy (the median of are about 300 keV), whereas the spectra of
decay phase end at much lower energy (the median of are about 200
keV); 3) the spectra of rise phase are harder than that of the decay phase and
the duration of rise phase are much shorter than that of decay phase as well.
In other words, for a complete pulse the initial is higher than the
final and the duration of initial phase (rise phase) are much
shorter than the final phase (decay phase). This results are in good agreement
with the predictions of Lu et al. (2007) and current popular view on the
production of GRBs. We argue that the spectral evolution of tracking pulses may
be relate to both of kinematic and dynamic process even if we currently can not
provide further evidences to distinguish which one is dominant. Moreover, our
statistical results give some witnesses to constrain the current GRB model.Comment: 32 pages, 26 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in New
Astronom
Analysis of Supersymmetric Effects on B -> phi K Decays in the PQCD Approach
We study the effects of the MSSM contribution on B -> phi K decays using the
perturbative QCD approach. In this approach, strong phases can be calculated,
so that we can predict the values of CP asymmetries with the MSSM contribution.
We predict a large relative strong phase between the penguin amplitude and the
chromomagnetic penguin amplitude. If there is a new CP violating phase in the
chromomagnetic penguin amplitude, then the CP asymmetries may change
significantly from the SM prediction. We parametrize the new physics
contributions that appear in the Wilson coefficients. We maximize the new
physics parameters up to the point where it is limited by experimental
constraints. In the case of the LR insertion, we find that the direct CP
asymmetries can reach about 85% and the indirect CP asymmetry can reach about
-30%.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, REVTeX, Minor changes, Version to appear in
Phys. Rev.
The Synthesis and Characterization of LiFeAs and NaFeAs
The newest homologous series of superconducting As-pnictides, LiFeAs (Li111)
and NaFeAs (Na111) have been synthesized and investigated. Both crystallize
with the layered tetragonal anti-PbFCl-type structure in P4/nmm space group.
Polycrystalline samples and single-crystals of Li111 and Na111 display
superconducting transitions at ~ 18 K and 12-25 K, respectively. No magnetic
order has been found in either compound, although a weak magnetic background is
clearly in evidence. The origin of the carriers and the stoichiometric
compositions of Li111 and Na111 were explored.Comment: submitted for publication in Physica C special issue on Fe-pnictide
Patterns of carbon footprints of main grains production in China: a comparison between main and non-main producing areas
Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of carbon footprints (CFs) of grains production is important to formulate regional heterogeneous greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies. This study evaluates the CFs, farm CFs (FCFs: CFs of per unit area), and production CFs (PCFs: CFs of per unit yield) of main grains production in China based on a new scale data set: agricultural statistics data of over 300 prefecture-level regions. A comparison of CFs of main grains production between main producing area (MPA) and non-main producing area (NMPA) are firstly discussed on a totally new scale. Results show that the CFs of main grains production of MPA accounts for 54-57% of country's total although the area of farmland of MPA only accounts for 42%. The PCF and FCF of rice production are higher in MPA, while those of wheat and maize production are lower in MPA. It implies that there are less GHG emission of rice (main paddy grain) productions in NMPA and less GHG emission of wheat and maize (main dryland grains) production in MPA. In additional, the PCF of rice shows growth, while that of wheat and maize shows decline from 2008 to 2017. The growth of PCF of rice is mainly driven by the rise of PCF in MPA. Findings are expected to improve the understanding patterns of China's CF of main grains production and subsequently contribute to GHG mitigation.Industrial Ecolog
Charmless Decays in QCD Factorization
The two body charmless decays of meson to light vector mesons are
analyzed within the framework of QCD factorization. This approach implies that
the nonfactorizable corrections to different helicity amplitudes are not the
same. The effective parameters for helicity states receive
different nonfactorizable contributions and hence are helicity dependent,
contrary to naive factorization approach where are universal and
polarization independent. The branching ratios for decays are
calculated and we find that branching ratios of some channels are of order
, which are measurable at future experiments. The transverse to total
decay rate is also evaluated and found to be very small for
most decay modes, so, in charmless decays, both light vector
mesons tend to have zero helicity.Comment: 16pages. Typos and mistakes fixed. Numerical results change
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