Evolución histórica de las metáforas en el concepto de función

El conocimiento matemático está constituido por conceptos, metáforas, procesos y hábitos o actitudes, y se puede decir que un texto es bueno o un programa es completo cuando todos estos elementos son adecuadamente atendidos. Desde que Lakoff y Johnson (1991) pusieron de manifiesto la importancia del pensamiento metafórico, entendido como la interpretación de un campo de experiencias en términos de otro ya conocido, el papel de este en la formación de los conceptos matemáticos, es un tema que cada vez tiene más relevancia para la investigación en didáctica de las matemáticas. En este trabajo, enmarcado en un Proyecto de Investigación sobre los Obstáculos Epistemológicos, se analiza y discute la evolución histórica de las metáforas ligadas al concepto de función, en particular las asociadas a la gráfica de una función

New Methodology for the Classification of Gravel Beaches: Adjusted on Alicante (Spain)

[EN] In this article, a methodology is presented for the classification of gravel beaches, which can be applied internationally. Such beaches¿ defence against the energy of incoming water flow is due to their steep slopes and the high permeability of infiltration, but that defence is reduced with increasing sand fraction. The objective of this research was to understand the variables involved in the formation of gravel beaches, to classify them according to the distribution and position of sediment along the transversal profile, and to obtain a discriminant function. To apply the methodology, 34 gravel beaches in the province of Alicante, Spain, were first classified visually into five different types: Type 1: Sand and gravel beaches, Type 2: Sand and gravel separated beaches, Type 3: Gravel and sand beaches, Type 4: Gravel and sand separated beaches, and Type 5: Pure gravel beaches. In addition, a major study was performed to reduce the number of variables because one of the concerns was to find the variables that characterize and classify the beaches. Thus, the 45 variables, grouped according to material characteristics, wave, boundary conditions, and geometry of the beach, were first reduced to 25 by making comparisons among them and the type of beach and were finally reduced to 14 using the discriminant method. Note the use of the important variable Posidonia oceanica in the Mediterranean area, which, because of the changes produced in the swell, was actively involved in the classification. Finally, the discriminant function obtained was validated.Aragones, L.; Lopez, I.; Villacampa, Y.; Serra Peris, JC.; Saval, J. (2018). New Methodology for the Classification of Gravel Beaches: Adjusted on Alicante (Spain). Journal of Coastal Research. 31(4):1023-1034. doi:10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14-00140.1S1023103431

Statistical analysis of soy cultivation in Argentina

Argentina are analyzed. The main objective is to obtain information that will be useful for the analysis of the environmental consequences of the progress of this crop in the country. This has been made by a descriptive statistical analysis and a factor analysis was used to identify factors which characterize the soybean crop and also a classification or clustering between provinces with similar characteristics. The information parameters studied were: the tendency and dispersion measures for soybean yield of 15 provinces in which it was grown between the 2001/02 and 2010/11 or from 2001/02 to 2010/11; the correlations between area harvested acreage, seeded area, production and performance, and the factors that bind some variables that characterize the soybean crop that allows a grouping between provinces with similar characteristics. Analyses were performed by using data obtained from: 1) MinAgri (last 10 seasons) b) 2001 National Census c) CNA 2002. From a group of variables: region extension (ha); population density 2001; population of the region in 2001; NBI 2001, literate people older than 10 years 2001; illiterate people older than 10 years 2001; permanent workers in the farming sector 2002; seeded area (ha) 2002; cultivated area of oily plants (ha) 2002; tractors 2002; harvesters 2002; seeded area (ha) 2001/02; harvested area (ha) 2001/02; production (Tn) 2001/02.Fil: Miranda del Fresno, Ma. Carolina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Villacampa, Y.. Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Qui­mica Orgánica; EspañaFil: Navarro Gonzalez, F. J.. Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Qui­mica Orgánica; EspañaFil: Sastre Vazquez, P.. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia; Argentin

Alicante Coastal Management for Sustainable Development

Human intervention on the coast has been intense, due to the source of wealth that the coastal areas represent, especially in the form of tourism, which has resulted in a rapid erosion of its beaches. This paper discusses the current state of beach management in the various competent public administrations on the Costa Blanca (SE Spanish-Mediterranean), in relation to urban development and regression on the waterfront. To this end, an analysis has been carried out of the responses to a survey of those responsible for managing each of the 19 coastal municipalities of the Alicante coast, covering 244 km of coastline, 91 beaches and their personnel. Also, an investigation has been conducted as to whether this management’s aim is to protect the coastline and maintain the flora and fauna or just to manage recreation as the main economic activity is tourism. The analysis shows that the beach is simply regarded as a product or service offered to the user thereof. However, local authorities have not detected problems, possibly for two reasons: they do not have sufficient knowledge and this is understandable, given their lack of responsibilities in this area. This causes many beaches to have a high occupancy rate and there is a shift of users towards natural beaches. The study gives us information about the complex administrative process in the coastal system that often proves ineffective on this narrow strip of land

Sustainable development city-beach in Alicante

[EN] Tourism development in recent decades has involved a large urban development in coastal areas, with different anthropogenic structural interventions on the coast such as the construction of commercial buildings and marinas, which has led to intense erosion and large imbalances in the last century. This situation also affects the city of Alicante, with the area between the port of Alicante and the Huertas Cape, one of the most depressed areas of the city, due to various actions carried out since the 70s, for anthropic example fillers for building marinas, jetties and broken in poor condition because they are made of sandstone, and a bad connection between the two parts of the city. In this work the creation of a new promenade that communicates both zones is proposed, creating new beaches eliminating anthro- pogenic fillings and the remains of breakwaters along the coast, the union of diverse marine area in one marina, and the insertion of an artificial reef multipurpose. With all this it is to improve the attraction of the area, and increase the mobility of the city on the coast.Aragonés, L.; García-Barba, J.; Villacampa, Y.; López, I.; Gómez Martín, ME.; Pagán, J. (2017). Sustainable development city-beach in Alicante. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning. 12(4):704-712. doi:10.2495/SDP-V12-N4-704-712S70471212

Stabilization of myeloid-derived HIFs promotes vascular regeneration in retinal ischemia

The retinal vasculature is tightly organized in a structure that provides for the high metabolic demand of neurons while minimizing interference with incident light. The adverse impact of retinal vascular insufficiency is mitigated by adaptive vascular regeneration but exacerbated by pathological neovascularization. Aberrant growth of neovessels in the retina is responsible for impairment of sight in common blinding disorders including retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Myeloid cells are key players in this process, with diverse roles that can either promote or protect against ocular neovascularization. We have previously demonstrated that myeloid-derived VEGF, HIF1, and HIF2 are not essential for pathological retinal neovascularization. Here, however, we show by cell-specific depletion of Vhl in a mouse model of retinal ischemia (oxygen-induced retinopathy, OIR) that myeloid-derived HIFs promote VEGF and bFGF expression and enhance vascular regeneration in association with improved density and organization of the astrocytic network

Don Pasqual de Villacampa y Pueyo, caua[llero] del orden de Montesa ... Presidente del honrado Concejo de la Mesta ... y nos los cavalleros, escuderos ... q[ue] nos juntamos con dicho señor presidente, ... en cada vn año, en las Estremaduras, como al presente lo estamos en esta villa de Navalcarnero Hazèmos saber à todos ... como en nuestro Ayuntamie[n]to y Junta General que se celebró en esta villa de Navalcarnero donde se hizo remate, y arrendamie[n]to de todas las re[n]tas y Derechos à Nos perteneci[n]tes ... de dicho partido de palenzia y su adelantamiento ... en Dª Manuela Nuñez, D. Pedro Villanueva ...

Impreso con espacios en blanco para anotaciones ms.Tít. tomado de comienzo de textoTít. en h. 4v: "Recudimiento para el parado de Palenzia"Texto fechado en Navalcarnero, 10 de mayo de 1720Texto firmado por: "Pascual de Villacampa y Pueyo" "José de Olivares" "Pedro Fernández de Ocaranza"Sing.: []\p4\

New methodology for describing the equilibrium beach profile applied ti teh Valencia's beachs

[EN] Nuevo metodo de determinación de la profundidad de cierre del prfil de playa y su aplicación para ajustar el volumen de arenas de aportación en alimentaciones artificialesAragones, L.; Serra Peris, JC.; Villacampa, Y.; Saval, JM.; Tinoco, H. (2016). New methodology for describing the equilibrium beach profile applied ti teh Valencia's beachs. Geomorphology. 259:1-11. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.049S11125

Prevalence and correlates of frailty in an older rural African population:findings from the HAALSI cohort study

Background: Frailty is a key predictor of death and dependency, yet little is known about frailty in sub-Saharan Africa despite rapid population ageing. We describe the prevalence and correlates of phenotypic frailty using data from the Health and Aging in Africa: Longitudinal Studies of an INDEPTH Community cohort. Methods: We analysed data from rural South Africans aged 40 and over. We used low grip strength, slow gait speed, low body mass index, and combinations of self-reported exhaustion, decline in health, low physical activity and high self-reported sedentariness to derive nine variants of a phenotypic frailty score. Each frailty category was compared with self-reported health, subjective wellbeing, impairment in activities of daily living and the presence of multimorbidity. Cox regression analyses were used to compare subsequent all-cause mortality for non-frail (score 0), pre-frail (score 1–2) and frail participants (score 3+). Results: Five thousand fifty nine individuals (mean age 61.7 years, 2714 female) were included in the analyses. The nine frailty score variants yielded a range of frailty prevalences (5.4% to 13.2%). For all variants, rates were higher in women than in men, and rose steeply with age. Frailty was associated with worse subjective wellbeing, and worse self-reported health. Both prefrailty and frailty were associated with a higher risk of death during a mean 17 month follow up for all score variants (hazard ratios 1.29 to 2.41 for pre-frail vs non-frail; hazard ratios 2.65 to 8.91 for frail vs non-frail). Conclusions: Phenotypic frailty could be measured in this older South African population, and was associated with worse health, wellbeing and earlier death

Meta-analysis of the space flight and microgravity response of the Arabidopsis plant transcriptome

15 p.-8 fig.-2 tab.Spaceflight presents a multifaceted environment for plants, combining the effects on growth of many stressors and factors including altered gravity, the influence of experiment hardware, and increased radiation exposure. To help understand the plant response to this complex suite of factors this study compared transcriptomic analysis of 15 Arabidopsis thaliana spaceflight experiments deposited in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s GeneLab data repository. These data were reanalyzed for genes showing significant differential expression in spaceflight versus ground controls using a single common computational pipeline for either the microarray or the RNA-seq datasets. Such a standardized approach to analysis should greatly increase the robustness of comparisons made between datasets. This analysis was coupled with extensive cross-referencing to a curated matrix of metadata associated with these experiments. Our study reveals that factors such as analysis type (i.e., microarray versus RNA-seq) or environmental and hardware conditions have important confounding effects on comparisons seeking to define plant reactions to spaceflight. The metadata matrix allows selection of studies with high similarity scores, i.e., that share multiple elements of experimental design, such as plant age or flight hardware. Comparisons between these studies then helps reduce the complexity in drawing conclusions arising from comparisons made between experiments with very different designs.This work was coordinated through the GeneLab Plant Analysis Working Group and was supported by NASA grants 80NSSC19K0126, 80NSSC18K0132 and 80NSSC21K0577 to S.G. and R.B., through NASA 80NSSC19K1481 to S.W., NNX15AG55G to C.W., and NNX15AG56G to L.D. and N.L., from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación grant RTI2018-099309-B-I00 and ESA 1340112 4000131202/20/NL/PG/pt to R.H. Contributions from P.J. and P.G. were partially supported by funds from the Oregon State University, NSF awards 1127112 and 1340112 and the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. The Qlik software used in this work is provided under a free-to-use educational license from Qlik Technologies Inc. GeneLab datasets were obtained from https://genelab-data.ndc.nasa.gov/genelab/projects/, maintained by NASA GeneLab, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.Peer reviewe