Differential utilization of proteins in Anabas testudineus(Bloch) exposed to brief and prolonged fasting

In the present study total proteins were investigated and estimated in Anabas testudineus (Bloch) which was exposed to brief (15days) and prolonged fasting (60days).Method developed by Lowry et.al (1951) was adopted to estimate the total proteins. Six tissues were selected for the study. The results showed differential utilization of protein in selected tissues. (liver, kidney, brain, accessory respiratory organ, pectoral and lateral line muscle).There was an overall decline observed in the protein levels in most of tissues, with the exception being liver, brain and accessory respiratory organ which showed an increase in protein levels. This increase also was not found to be uniform. Liver and brain showed an elevation only during long term fasting and accessory respiratory organ showed an insignificant increase during both the fasting regimes. This significant depletion of total proteins in most of the tissues of Anabas during both the fasting regimes, suggests protein utilization to satisfy the energy demands and to combat the stressful condition and thus prolonging the longevity of the starving Anabas

Design Analysis and Development of Inverter Topologies for Industries

This paper presents the most common inverter topologies and its design, analysis and development schemes. The main objective is to design and compare the three topologies of multilevel inverter for industries. These three topologies are mostly effectively and efficiently for quality improvement of the output voltage waveform of inverter. Photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation (WPG) i.e. the renewable energy systems are playing a vital role in energy production. But, solar photovoltaic power (PV) has the prospective to develop one of the foremost suppliers to the future electricity supply. Therefore, Low voltage solar PV systems need a high voltage expansion converter for units of grid connection with multilevel inverter. The multilevel inverter topologies are being used in applications of medium and high power such as an active power filter, FACTS devices and a machine current due to their various merits in terms of power supplies low power dissipation, low harmonic distortion in voltage output waveform. Therefore, the simulation of multilevel inverter topologies is done and finalized that cascade multilevel inverter topology is more suitable as compared to other two by using MATLAB/SIMULINK

A Novel Approach of Controlling the Solar PV Integrated Hybrid Multilevel Inverter

The part of renewable energy systems like solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation (WPG) is playing an energetic role in energy production. The power electronics technology growths have directed to the progresses in the solar power generation and solar PV sources have the potential to progress one of the key providers to the upcoming electricity. Lower voltage rating of solar PV systems requires a high voltage progress converter for parts grid associating with a DC-AC inverter. The solar energy acquired from the solar panel varies with times and solar irradiation. The boost DC/DC converter is used to sustain the constant output voltage achieved from the solar panel using MPPT algorithm and is operated according to the requirement. A 1-Ф cascade 13-level inverter is used to produce 13-level output voltage from the DC supply voltage achieved from PV panels. It offers better-quality sinusoidal output voltage and current waveforms and lower total harmonic distortion. In this paper, the proposed model is designed and the results are verified through simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK tool

On Chaplygin’s Method For First Order Neutral Differential Equation

In this paper we discuss the existence of a solution of a first order neutral differential equation with piecewise constant argument. We extend the method of Chaplygin’s sequence to obtain two sided bounds for the solution. These bounds are in the form of sequences of functions which are solutions of associated linear neutral differential equations with piecewise constant argument. This construction of monotonic sequences of upper and lower functions approximate, with increasing accuracy, the desired solution of the neutral differential equation with piecewise constant argument. Further we show that these sequences converge uniformly and monotonically to the unique solution of the equation.The error estimate obtained is better than the corresponding one for ordinary differential equations

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF DONEPEZIL HYDROCHLORIDE

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop the formulation and in vitro evaluation of Orodispersible tablets by wet granulation method using Donepezil HCl as a model drug to enhance patient compliance. Methods: In the wet granulation method, a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were used along with superdisintegrants, i.e., croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone. The prepared granules were subjected to both pre and post-compression evaluation parameters including; FTIR spectroscopy, micromeritics properties, tablet weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro drug release. Results: FTIR studies indicated that there was nointeraction between the drug and the excipients used. The formulation containing high concentration of crospovidone and mixture as the best formulation F2 based on in vitro drug release characteristics of tablet formulation. Conclusion: The results of this work suggested that orodispersible tablets of Donepezil hydrochloride with rapid disintegration time, fast drug release and good hardness can be efficiently and successfully formulated by wet granulation method

Phytosociological Assessment of Vegetation at Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) Campus at New Delhi

The paper aims to investigate the phytosociological attributes the vegetation of the managed campus area of Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) situated at New Delhi in India. The purpose of the study was to understand the diversity pattern of vegetation for its characterization. The vegetation sampling and data analysis were undertaken by adopting universally standard procedures. The findings of the study demonstrated that the study area had a total of 116 species of plants which belonged to 28 different families. Out of which 55 species of trees, 29 species of shrubs and 32 species of herbs were taken on record. The most common plant species based on importance value in tree, shrub and herb layers were found to be Azadiracta indica (IVI-66.87), Matricaria chamomilla (RVI-51.89) and Cynodon dactylon (RVI- 106.11), respectively. Amongst families, Fabaceae was found to be the most dominant. Results reflect dominance of higher trees over ground floras. This study provides baseline information for future studies on the managed and natural forest patches exiting in the campus, and suggests that suitable conservation and management of biodiversity can improve the natural floral and faunal value of institutional campus

Dynamics of steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside-A) with growth and development of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

In the present investigation, the dynamics of steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside-A) of Stevia rebaudiana with their growth stages were studied. The study aimed to examine the best stage of harvesting (month of the year) the crop with respect to maximum accumulation of stevioside and rebaudioside-A content in different plant parts (leaves, green stem and woody stem). The results showed that the maximum stevioside content in leaves (8.55%) was found in June month (vegetative stage). Rebaudioside-A content in leaves (7.00%) was at its peak in August (vegetative stage). Whereas, higher stevioside and rebaudioside-A content was found for green stem (0.93%) and woody stem (0.18%) during September month (flowering stage). Leaves showed maximum yields of stevioside (17.60g) and rebaudioside-A (13.75g) per plant in July month. The study indicated that it is economical to harvest the leaves of S. rebaudiana rather than harvesting whole aerial biomass in vegetative phase (July month)

Toxic Effect of Synthetic Pyrithroid Pesticide (Cypermethrin) and an Organo Phospate Pesticide (Chlorpyrifos) on Certain Parameters of fresh water Carp Fish Labeo rohita

Aquatic ecosystems are vulnerable to the detrimental effects of variousagrochemicals, including synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates. In thisstudy, we investigated the toxicity of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos on acommonly found freshwater fish species Labeo rohita,. The fish Labeo rohita weretreated for acute toxicity with cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos, separately and incombination for 7 days with 1/10th of the LC50 dosage for individual treatment(0.015ppm and 0.042ppm respectively) and 1/20th of the LC50 of cypermethrin andchlorpyrifos for combined treatment (i.e., 0.0075ppm and 0.021ppm respectively).Individual and combined treatment resulted in a significant (p<0.05) change inglucogen, proteins and lipid contents in muscle, liver and kidney tissues wererecorded. Muscle shows the greatest loss of protein followed by liver and kidney.Liver shows significant reduction of lipid and glycogen in comparison with otherselected tissues of the experimental fish species. The changes were greater incombination than individual treatment, possibly because of a synergistic effect ofcypermethrin and chlorpyrifo

REVIEW ON CUBOSOMES

Cubosomes are stable nanostructured liquid crystalline particles which are made of a specific group of amphiphilic lipids in definite proper ratio in water and then stabilised by biocompatible substances like triblock polymer. Cubosomes are curved bicontinuous cubic phase liquid crystals and they can split to form thermodynamically stable particulate dispersions. Cubosomes have biocompatible and bio-adhesive properties andare capable of loading 3D bilayered structure resembling honeycomb (carvenous) like structure by encapsulating lipophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic substances. Cubosomes are administered through different ways such as orally, parenterally and percutaneously. Cubosomes are versatile systems in their structure for drug delivery systems

Effect of varieties and storage on the quality parameters of nectarine (Prunus persica)-based intermediate moisture food (IMF) products

Fruits play an important role in maintaining a healthy life. Nectarine is a hybrid fruit of peach and plum, wherein efforts were made to develop intermediate moisture food products (jam and jelly) from nectarine varieties (May Fire, Snow Queen, and Silver King). The study aimed to determine the effect of storage on the nutritional (TSS, pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, and sugars) and sensory parameters (color, taste, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability) of jam and jelly at different storage intervals. Storage had a nonsignificant effect on the total soluble solids, with reported mean values of 69.670 Brix, while the pH content of jam varied significantly from 2.90-2.20 during 6 months of storage. The values for acidity and total sugars increased (P≤0.05) significantly from 1.92-2.03 percent and 57.04 to 56.93 percent, respectively. However, the ascorbic acid content decreased significantly from 4.64 - 1.66 mg/100 g. In the case of jelly, the total soluble solids and pH decreased from 67.78 – 67.440 Brix and 2.70 – 2.48, respectively, during storage for 6 months at ambient temperature. The ascorbic acid content decreased from 4.56-2.10 mg/100 g. Among cultivars, there was a nonsignificant difference in the nutritional parameters of jam, but in the case of jelly, different cultivars had a significant effect on TSS, pH, and ascorbic acid content. Organoleptically, the nectarine jam was rated as ‘liked very much’, while the jelly ‘liked slightly’, with good storage acceptance up to 6 months. Being nectarine as a superfood can be explored to develop speciality food products for vulnerable sections of society