On the structure and evolution of planets and their host stars −- effects of various heating mechanisms on the size of giant gas planets

It is already stated in the previous studies that the radius of the giant planets is affected by stellar irradiation. The confirmed relation between radius and incident flux depends on planetary mass intervals. In this study, we show that there is a single relation between radius and irradiated energy per gram per second ($l_-$), for all mass intervals. There is an extra increase in radius of planets if $l_-$ is higher than 1100 times energy received by the Earth ($l_\oplus$). This is likely due to dissociation of molecules. The tidal interaction as a heating mechanism is also considered and found that its maximum effect on the inflation of planets is about 15 per cent. We also compute age and heavy element abundances from the properties of host stars, given in the TEPCat catalogue (Southworth 2011). The metallicity given in the literature is as [Fe/H]. However, the most abundant element is oxygen, and there is a reverse relation between the observed abundances [Fe/H] and [O/Fe]. Therefore, we first compute [O/H] from [Fe/H] by using observed abundances, and then find heavy element abundance from [O/H]. We also develop a new method for age determination. Using the ages we find, we analyse variation of both radius and mass of the planets with respect to time, and estimate the initial mass of the planets from the relation we derive for the first time. According to our results, the highly irradiated gas giants lose 5 per cent of their mass in every 1 Gyr.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables. Accepted by MNRA

High-pressure, low-abundance water in bipolar outflows. Results from a Herschel-WISH survey

(Abridged) We present a survey of the water emission in a sample of more than 20 outflows from low mass young stellar objects with the goal of characterizing the physical and chemical conditions of the emitting gas. We have used the HIFI and PACS instruments on board the Herschel Space Observatory to observe the two fundamental lines of ortho-water at 557 and 1670 GHz. These observations were part of the "Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel" (WISH) key program, and have been complemented with CO and H2 data. We find that the emission from water has a different spatial and velocity distribution from that of the J=1-0 and 2-1 transitions of CO, but it has a similar spatial distribution to H2, and its intensity follows the H2 intensity derived from IRAC images. This suggests that water traces the outflow gas at hundreds of kelvins responsible for the H2 emission, and not the component at tens of kelvins typical of low-J CO emission. A warm origin of the water emission is confirmed by a remarkable correlation between the intensities of the 557 and 1670 GHz lines, which also indicates the emitting gas has a narrow range of excitations. A non-LTE radiative transfer analysis shows that while there is some ambiguity on the exact combination of density and temperature values, the gas thermal pressure nT is constrained within less than a factor of 2. The typical nT over the sample is 4 10^{9} cm^{-3}K, which represents an increase of 10^4 with respect to the ambient value. The data also constrain within a factor of 2 the water column density. When this quantity is combined with H2 column densities, the typical water abundance is only 3 10^{-7}, with an uncertainty of a factor of 3. Our data challenge current C-shock models of water production due to a combination of wing-line profiles, high gas compressions, and low abundances.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in A&

Risk factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth in Turkey

OBJECTIVE: this study examined factors associated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress (PTS) following childbirth in women with normal, low-risk pregnancies in Nigde, Turkey. DESIGN: a prospective longitudinal design where women completed questionnaire measures at 20+ weeks' gestation and 6-8 weeks after birth. SETTING: eligible pregnant women were recruited from nine family healthcare centres in Nigde between September 2013 and July 2014. PARTICIPANTS: a total of 242 women completed questionnaires at both time points. MEASURES: PTS symptoms were measured using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) 6-8 weeks after birth. Potential protective or risk factors of childbirth self-efficacy, fear of childbirth, adaptation to pregnancy/motherhood, and perceived social support were measured in pregnancy and after birth. Perceived support and control during birth was measured after birth. Demographic and obstetric information was collected in pregnancy using standard self-report questions. FINDINGS: PTS symptoms were associated with being multiparous, having a planned pregnancy, poor psychological adaptation to pregnancy, higher outcome expectancy but lower efficacy expectancy during pregnancy, urinary catheterization during labour, less support and perceived control in birth, less satisfaction with hospital care, poor psychological adaptation to motherhood and increased fear of birth post partum. Regression analyses showed the strongest correlates of PTS symptoms were high outcome and low efficacy expectancies in pregnancy, urinary catheterization in labour, poor psychological adaptation to motherhood and increased fear of birth post partum. This model accounted for 29% of the variance in PTS symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: this study suggests women in this province in Turkey report PTS symptoms after birth and this is associated with childbirth self-efficacy in pregnancy, birth factors, and poor adaptation to motherhood and increased fear of birth post partum. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: maternity care services in Turkey need to recognise the potential impact of birth experiences on women's mental health and adaptation after birth. The importance of self-efficacy in pregnancy suggests antenatal education or support may protect women against developing post partum PTS, but this needs to be examined further

Evaluation of type C fly ash in the production of composite material

Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Malta, 16-18 July, 2012.In this study, the availability as a new composite material of the class C fly ashes which have negative effects on environment was investigated. First of all, the properties of fly ash and polypropylene have been identified. By making use of the obtained results, the availability of fly ash and polypropylene materials was investigated in production of a new composite material. For this purpose, by using type C fly ash of thermal power plants in mass ratios of 10% - 60%, a new composite material was produced. To determine mechanical and physical properties of the produced composite samples, thermal conductivity, compressive strength, water absorption capacity, and abrasive loss were performed. From the results, it was witnessed that both environmental problems can be reduced and economical profit can be achieved by means of energy saving.dc201

CAST: Recent results & future outlook

Çetin, Serkant Ali (Dogus Author) -- Ezer, Cemile (Dogus Author) -- Yıldız, Süleyman Cenk (Dogus Author) -- Conference full title: 6th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, PATRAS 2010; Zurich; Switzerland; 5 July 2010 through 9 July 2010.The CAST (CERN Axion Solar Telescope) experiment is searching for solar axions by their conversion into photons inside the magnet pipes of an LHC dipole. The analysis of data taken so far has shown no signal above the background, thus implying an upper limit to the axion-photon coupling of ga < 0.85 × 10-10GeV -1 at 95% CL for ma < 0.02 eV/c2. Ongoing measurements, with the magnet bores filled with a buffer gas (3He), are improving the sensitivity of the experiment for higher axion masses towards 1 eV/c2. Recent results, new ideas for Axion-Like Particle (WISPs) searches with CAST in the near future and the prospects of a new generation Helioscope are presented here

Stratejik kentsel planlama ve gelecek çalışmaları : dünya örnekleri ve yöntemler

Gelismekte olan ülkelerde görülen mega-kentler ve dünya ekonomisi açısından odak olusturan ve gelismis ülkelerde bulunan New York, Londra, Paris, Frankfurt, İstanbul, Tokyo gibi “küresel kentler”, ekonomik ve kültürel çekim noktaları, yeniliklerin yasanması için merkezler, ve kaynakların verimli kullanımı için uygun alanlar olarak büyük bir birikime sahiptirler. Bununla birlikte, yoksulluk, esitsizlik, issizlik, altyapı ve hizmet sektöründeki yetersizlik, trafik karmasası, suç, siddet gibi birçok sorun içinde bir potansiyel merkez durumundadırlar.publisher versio

Determination of Growth Curve with Different Model in the Karacabey Merinos x Kıvırcık Crossbred Lambs Raised in Tekirdağ Provinces

Bu çalışma ile Karacabey Merinosu x Kıvırcık melezi kuzuların doğum - 101 günlük yaşlar arası dönemde göstermiş oldukları canlı ağırlıklar kullanılarak büyümenin zamana göre değişimini ifade eden çeşitli büyüme eğrilerine ilişkin parametrelerin tahmini ve büyüme modellerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Gompertz, Logistik ve doğrusal model kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan modeller içinden hangisinin daha uygun olup olmadığı konusunda belirleme katsayıları (R2 ) ile her modele ilişkin canlı ağırlık ortalamalarının gözlenen ve tahminlenen değerleri arasındaki sapmalarının kareleri toplamından (SKT) yararlanılmıştır. Analizler cinsiyet faktörünün etkisi dikkate alınarak erkek, dişi ve genel olmak üzere üç grup halinde değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda sapma kareler toplamı dişi kuzularda Gompertz modelde 3.14, Logistik modelde 4.47 ve doğrusal modelde ise 4.73, erkek kuzular için ise sapma kareler toplamı Gompertz modelde 7.06 Logistik modelde 15.83 ve doğrusal modelde ise 15.85 olarak bulunmuştur.This study is aimed for estimation of variation of growth by time as the form of several growth curves of the data of Karacabey Merinos x Kıvırcık crossbred lambs raised in Tekirdağ province of Turkey. The Gompertz , Logistic and linear models were used to evaluate the best fit model. The best model was selected according to the values of determination coefficient (R2 ) and sum of squares of differences between observed and estimated values obtained as average live weights of lambs and values obtained by equation of interest for the same period of growth respectively. Data were divided three groups according to sexes and general groups. Sum of square differences were found 3,14 (Gompertz model), 4,47 ( Logistic model), 4,73 (Linear model) for female lambs. Similarly sum of square differences were found 7,06 (Gompertz model), 15,83 ( Logistic model), 15,85 (Linear model) for male lambs

Use of Lactobacillus farciminis to improve antioxidant status of Tuj lambs

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus farciminis on growth traits and antioxidant status in preweaning and postweaning Tuj lambs. Twenty lambs were divided into four groups, regardless of gender, with a mean live weight of 7.81 ± 0.50 kg. At the start of the experiment, the average age of the lambs was seven days. During the six-week preweaning period, control (C) lambs were fed with colostrum only, and Lactobacillus farciminis was given orally to the treated lambs at 1 g/day/lamb (L1), 2 g/day/lamb (L2) or 4 g/day/lamb (L3). The experiment continued for a total of 22 weeks. During the first six weeks, bodyweight (BW) increased significantly in L1 at the sixth week. Also during this period, bodyweight gain (BWG) in L2 at 2 - 3 weeks and in L3 at 5 - 6 weeks differed from C. In the subsequent period, BW and BWG were not affected by probiotic supplementation. The effects of probiotic supplementation on malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were significant throughout the experiment, with the effect on glutathione (GSH) also being important in the first six weeks. Thus, Lactobacillus farciminis provided orally to Tuj breed lambs could be used to improve their antioxidant status without compromising growth