Water and H 2 O Difference in Terms of International Relationship

ABSTRACT It is "True" to say that water literally and scientifically is composed of some elements (H 2 O). But this is to miss the reality of what water REALLY is. It is also -True‖ to say that the definition very much depends on where you look from. Geopolitical changes, rapid development, water-energyfood-environment nexus, securitisation of water, climate change etc. force us to define its actual meaning especially in terms of international relationship. From this approach, the meaning of this word is gaining a wider and deeper definition not a word but a "concept". Water is a general term to describe the stuff you drink and bathe with, and it, even in the purest and other social, socio-political, economical, socio-economical, international, strategical impurities in what we call -water‖. This bulk -water‖ will play very important role for the future of the world under the of systems, has much else than just hydrogen and oxygen. Therefore there are all sorts of minerals climate change impacts as well as increasing global inequality. This requires more attention to difference between Water term and H 2 O in terms of international relationship. Society of 21 st Century must be aware of the higher degree of social accountability of -water‖ than before. A higher degree of geopolitical, social, strategical and international accountability of water is therefore need to built into the process, with a wider recognition that water cannot be described on scientific and technological terms alone as H 2 O. -Water‖ means more than H 2 O in this respect since the half of 20th Century. In this paper, I will examine this difference by looking more closely at the social and hydro political notion of water

International Water Issues Need More Than Cooperation

ABSTRACT UN Secretary-General Ban ki-Mun pointed out extremely important and extraordinary points in his remark at Opening of the 7th World Water Forum held in Daegu, Gyeongbuk, The Republic of Korea in 12 April 2015. He said that; "Instead of seeing scarce water as a reason for competition or conflict, we have to treat it as a challenge to collaborate, a challenge to engage in innovative hydrodiplomacy. In today"s world, we must be more aware of the risks of water conflict." It is important to note the emphasis on "collaboration and innovative hydro-diplomacy" in his remarks. While speaking on the occasion of World Water Day 2013, the Secretary General had also said, "Water scarcity threatens economic and social gains … And it is a potent fuel for wars and conflict." Secretary General Ban Ki-moon"s warnings were reflected in the offcial definition of water security provided by the United Nations University-IWEH, which says. "The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of and acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being, and socio-economic development, for ensuring protection against water-borne pollution and water-related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability." It is important to note the emphasis on "in a climate of peace and political stability" in this definition. The concerns of the United Nations are justified as the world faces an era of depleting water resources. The World Water Development Report of UNESCO, released in March 2015 warns us of serious depletion of water supplies by 2050, while at the same time, significant increase in demand due to population growth, economic development and urbanisation, among other factors. Different effects of climate change are today contributing to even more water scarcity and greater security risks. It shows us that we need an effective and mutually beneficial solution of water resources-related problems. At the global scale, the effective and mutually beneficial solution of water World Scientific News 12 (2015) 70-80 -71-resources-related problems underlie peace, security and stability. But this can become a reality only if we change our conceptual approaches to domestic and transboundary water management

Composition and Phase Analysis on Glazed Tiles of Southeast Anatolia: Production Process Identification

The analytical characterization of cultural heritage materials has a great importance in terms of gaining the scientific knowledge which provides guidance for conservation applications covering the re-integration and re-production processes needed in protection. In this study, the glazed tile samples of a 15th century monument located in southeast Anatolia are investigated and a comprehensive archaeometric data for restoration and conservation is created. XRF and EDX were used to reveal the chemical composition of tile bodies and particularly the glazes. SEM and petrography analyses were employed to examine the micro and macro structural features of the bodies, respectively. Samples were exposed to X-ray diffraction for characterization of the mineral/phase contents. Furthermore, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry were the complementary methods. The mineralogical content of the samples suggested a firing temperature of ca 850-900oC. The chemical composition of the tile fabrics indicated use of calcareous raw materials due to relatively high CaO content. It was deduced that the alkaline and lead oxides were the main components of the glazes, with low lead oxide (˂5 wt.%) for the samples PS-2, PS-4, PS-5 and PS-6. It was also seen that the blue/green turquoise colors were obtained with copper, whereas blue itself was due to cobalt. Tin was occasionally detected in chemical composition of some glazed surfaces, and its presence was mostly attributed to the purpose of gaining opaqueness

Savaş ve Görselleşen Savaş Arasındaki İkilem: WPP’nin Ödüllendirdiği Savaş Fotoğrafları Üzerine Bir Analiz

Wars, having negative effects on local, national and global scales, violate the fundamental rights of living beings and, in general, cause irreversible casualties. War is a phenomenon that affects life itself and the entire social structure and institutions. Although death, physical injury, or psychological consequences are well known to war, their macro-level damage to the social structure is often overlooked. The mass media also tend to focus on the obvious consequences of the war while ignoring its structural impact on society.This research applies content analysis to the images of the war theme awarded in various categories by the World Press Photo Organization, towards inquiring to what extent possible impacts and consequences of wars are represented via such images. The study concludes that usually Western photojournalists create war narrative while the geography of conflict depicted is mostly non-Western. It also concluded that the war was visualized by themes such as death, injury and disability, displacement, hunger, and deprivation, that the moments of war are highlighted while its long-term implications are ignored; that war is portrayed without subjects by symbolic images, often indirect; and that war is viewed as a hierarchical field in terms of the perpetrator and the victim. Savaş, yerel, ulusal ve küresel düzlemlerde güçlü olumsuz etkileri olan, canlıların temel haklarını ihlal eden ve çoğunlukla da geri dönüşü olmayan felaketlere yol açan bir durumdur. Savaş, etkilerini toplumsal yapının bütün yaşam alanlarında ve kurumlarında hissettiren bir olgudur. Savaş, ölüm, yaralanma, bedensel ve ruhsal etkiler bırakma gibi etkileriyle bilinen ama çoğu kez toplumsal yapı üzerindeki makro ölçekli hasarlarının ihmal edildiği bir çatışma sürecidir. Medya da sunumları ile savaşa ilişkin bu genel bakış açısını, yani ölüm ve yaralanma gibi durumları öne çıkarma ve toplum üzerindeki makro etkileri/sonuçları da ihmal etme eğilimindedir.Bu çalışma, Dünya Basın Fotoğrafı Vakfı (World Press Photo Organisation [WPP]) tarafından çeşitli kategorilerde ödüllendirilen savaş temalı fotoğraflara içerik analizi uygulayarak, savaşların olası etkilerini ve sonuçlarını bu görseller aracılığıyla ne ölçüde temsil ettiğini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Analiz, uluslararası alanda savaş anlatısının çoğunlukla Batılı foto-muhabirleri tarafından inşa edildiğini, savaşın coğrafyası olarak ise Batılı olmayan bölgelerin gösterildiği sonucuna varmıştır. Ayrıca foto-muhabirlerinin savaşı görselleştirirken ağırlıklı olarak ölüm, yaralanma ve engellilik, yer değiştirme, açlık ve yoksulluk gibi temalar üzerinden kurduğu; savaş esnasına odaklanarak uzun erimli sonuçları genel olarak ihmal ettikleri; savaşı öznesiz göstererek anlatımı büyük ölçüde dolaylı-sembolik imgeler üzerinden kurdukları sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır

İlkokul 1. Sınıfta Uzaktan Eğitimle Okuma Yazma Sürecine İlişkin Veli Görüşleri

Bu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul 1. sınıf velilerinin, çocuklarının Covid-19 sürecinde uzaktan eğitimle okuma yazma öğrenme sürecine ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında Sivas ili Merkez ilçesinde çocuğu uzaktan eğitimle okuma yazma öğrenen 46 veli oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan velilerin belirlenmesinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formunda katılımcıların görüşlerini almak amacıyla toplam 9 tane açık uçlu soru yer almaktadır. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler “içerik analizi” yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda görüşmeye katılan velilerin görüşleri doğrultusunda Covid-19 sürecinin 1. sınıfta okuma yazmayı öğrenme sürecinde çocukları ve ailelerini olumsuz yönde etkilediği; okuma ve yazmayı öğrenme sürecinde seslerin, hecelerin öğrenilmesinde çocukların ve velilerin pek çok zorlukla karşılaştığı; çocukların uzaktan eğitim derslerinde bilgisayar, tablet, telefon vb. karşısında uygun pozisyonda uzun süre oturamadığı ve canlı derslere kısmen odaklanabildiği; uzaktan eğitimdeki ders sürelerinin yeterli olduğu; uzaktan eğitimle okuma yazmayı öğrenme sürecinde çocukların ve velilerin teknoloji kullanımı konusuyla ilgili pek çok sorun yaşadığı; bunun yanındaMillî Eğitim Bakanlığının internet ve EBA TVüzerindenyapılan uzaktan eğitim derslerine ilişkin velilerin görüşlerinin olumlu yönde olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır

Evaluation of cardiac biomarkers and right ventricular dysfunction in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

Objective: Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) with myocardial damage may lead to fatal complications in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Cytoplasmic heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (HFABP) and the N-terminal fragment of its prohormone (NT-proBNP) are sensitive and specific biomarkers of myocardial damage. We evaluated RVD and cardiac biomarkers for myocardial damage and short-term mortality in patients with acute PE. Methods: We analyzed 41 patients (24 females, 17 males) with confirmed acute PE prospective. Three groups (massive, submassive, and nonmassive) of patients were defined, based on systemic systolic blood pressure measured on admission and RVD by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Also, systolic (s) and mean (m) pulmonary artery pressures (PAPs) were recorded by TTE, and plasma concentrations of cardiac troponin T (cTn-T), NT-proBNP, and HFABP were evaluated 6 month follow-up. Results: Seventeen (41.5%) patients experienced a complicated clinical course in the 6-month follow-up for the combined end-point, including at least one of the following: death (n=12, 29.3%; 3 PE-related), chronic PE (n=4, 9.8%), pulmonary hypertension (n=2, 4.9%), and recurrent PE (n=1, 2.4%). Multivariate hazard ratio analysis revealed HFABP, NT-proBNP, and PAPs as the 6-month mortality predictors (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01- 1.05; HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.04; and HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.02-1.05, respectively). Conclusion: HFABP, NT-proBNP, and PAPs measured on admission may be useful for short-term risk stratification and in the prediction of 6-month PE-related mortality in patients with acute PE. © 2016 by Turkish Society of Cardiology

Dichotomy between War and Visualization of War: An Analysis of the War Photos Awarded by the WPP

Wars, having negative effects on local, national and global scales, violate the fundamental rights of living beings and, in general, cause irreversible casualties. War is a phenomenon that affects life itself and the entire social structure and institutions. Although death, physical injury, or psychological consequences are well known to war, their macro-level damage to the social structure is often overlooked. The mass media also tend to focus on the obvious consequences of the war while ignoring its structural impact on society.This research applies content analysis to the images of the war theme awarded in various categories by the World Press Photo Organization, towards inquiring to what extent possible impacts and consequences of wars are represented via such images. The study concludes that usually Western photojournalists create war narrative while the geography of conflict depicted is mostly non-Western. It also concluded that the war was visualized by themes such as death, injury and disability, displacement, hunger, and deprivation, that the moments of war are highlighted while its long-term implications are ignored; that war is portrayed without subjects by symbolic images, often indirect; and that war is viewed as a hierarchical field in terms of the perpetrator and the victim. </p

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF NeuROPLAY METHOD ON DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND PARENTAL INTERACTIONS

This study was conducted to examine the effect of neuroPLAY on the developmental processes and parental interactions of children with autism spectrum disorder. A mixed method was used in the study. In the quantitative dimension of the study, 41 children with an autism spectrum disorder age 18-42 months, and in the qualitative dimension five children and their parents with autism spectrum disorder were included. The qualitative dimension of the study was used and the observation method was carried out in the institutional environment through individual participant and unattended and video recordings in the home environment. Observation was conducted both to determine the developmental process of the child and the parental interaction and to monitor the process of applying the parent/caregiver's neuroPLAYy method. In the quantitative dimension, experimental design is used. The experimental training period lasted at least 3 months as neuroPLAY. Prior to the start of the experimental training period, five days of training were given to parents and caregivers, and the experts provided feedback on the parent/caregiver through the process of observation. The results of the research show that neuroPLAY has positive effects on developmental processes and parental interactions of children with autism spectrum disorder

The morphological investigations on the heart and some vessels of bovine foetus between the 15th and 25th weeks of gestation

Background: The aim of this study was to define the morphological and morphometric development of the foetus heart obtained from the domestic cattle in the gestation period of 15–25 weeks. Materials and methods: For this purpose, a total of 30 hearts belonging to cattle foetuses (15 males, 15 females) were used. The ages of foetuses were calculated according to the forehead-to-tail length and examined in three different groups. After dissection; biometric, macroanatomic, morphometric and histological findings were obtained from the foetal hearts according to the groups. In addition, mean values of the morphometric findings were determined. Results: As a result of the study, it was found that with the advancing age the convexity of margo ventricularis dexter increased and margo ventricularis sinister transformed from a convex-concave shape to a flat shape. The heart-to-body weight ratio was determined as 0.08% for Group II female foetuses and 0.09% for all other groups. The heart heights for Groups I, II, and III females were identified as 26.21, 41.00, and 46.27 mm, respectively, and for the males 26.45, 34.89, and 47.15 mm, respectively. In the statistical analysis, it was determined that all the morphometric values measured from the heart correlated significantly with the forehead-to-tail length. Conclusions: The data obtained as a result of the study is thought to help understand the morphological and morphometrical development of the heart, pioneer the attempts to create a foetal cattle heart model, and thus help in the diagnosis of the foetal heart pathologies.acieleck

COVID-19 in pediatric patients undergoing chronic dialysis and kidney transplantation

The study aims to present the incidence of COVID-19 in pediatric patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) and to compare the severity and outcomes of the disease between the dialysis and kidney transplant (KTx) groups. This multicenter observational study was conducted between 1 April and 31 December 2020 in Istanbul. Members of the Istanbul branch of the Turkish Pediatric Nephrology Association were asked to report all confirmed cases of COVID-19 who were on RRT, as well as the number of prevalent RRT patients under the age of 20. A total of 46 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported from 12 centers, of which 17 were dialysis patients, and 29 were KTx recipients. Thus, the incidence rate of COVID-19 was 9.3% among dialysis patients and 9.2% among KTx recipients over a 9-month period in Istanbul. Twelve KTx recipients and three dialysis patients were asymptomatic (p = 0.12). Most of the symptomatic patients in both the dialysis and KTx groups had a mild respiratory illness. Only two patients, one in each group, experienced a severe disease course, and only one hemodialysis patient had a critical illness that required mechanical ventilation. In the entire cohort, one hemodialysis patient with multiple comorbidities died. Conclusion: While most cases are asymptomatic or have a mild disease course, pediatric patients undergoing dialysis and a kidney transplant are at increased risk for COVID-19. What is Known: In adult population, both dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk for severe illness of COVID-19 and have higher mortality rate. Children with kidney transplantation are not at increased risk for COVID-19 and most have mild disease course. Data on children on dialysis are scarce. What is New: Pediatric patients undergoing dialysis and kidney transplantation have an increased risk for COVID-19. Most patients undergoing renal replacement therapy either on dialysis or transplanted develop asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease with a favorable outcome