Software defect prediction using Bayesian networks

There are lots of different software metrics discovered and used for defect prediction in the literature. Instead of dealing with so many metrics, it would be practical and easy if we could determine the set of metrics that are most important and focus on them more to predict defectiveness. We use Bayesian networks to determine the probabilistic influential relationships among software metrics and defect proneness. In addition to the metrics used in Promise data repository, we define two more metrics, i.e. NOD for the number of developers and LOCQ for the source code quality. We extract these metrics by inspecting the source code repositories of the selected Promise data repository data sets. At the end of our modeling, we learn the marginal defect proneness probability of the whole software system, the set of most effective metrics, and the influential relationships among metrics and defectiveness. Our experiments on nine open source Promise data repository data sets show that response for class (RFC), lines of code (LOC), and lack of coding quality (LOCQ) are the most effective metrics whereas coupling between objects (CBO), weighted method per class (WMC), and lack of cohesion of methods (LCOM) are less effective metrics on defect proneness. Furthermore, number of children (NOC) and depth of inheritance tree (DIT) have very limited effect and are untrustworthy. On the other hand, based on the experiments on Poi, Tomcat, and Xalan data sets, we observe that there is a positive correlation between the number of developers (NOD) and the level of defectiveness. However, further investigation involving a greater number of projects is needed to confirm our findings.Publisher's VersionAuthor Pre-Prin

Production of Co-Cr-Ti composite and investigation of mechanical properties

Intermetallic materials such as Co2Ti, Cr2Ti are among advanced technology materials that have outstanding mechanical and physical properties for high temperature applications. Especially creep resistance, low density and high hardness properties stand out in such intermetallics. The microstructure, mechanical properties of %64Co– %32Cr and %4Ti powders were investigated using specimens produced by tube furnace sintering at 800–1200 C temperature. A composite consisting of ternary additions, a metallic phase, Ti, Cr and Co have been prepared under Ar shroud and then sintered in tube furnace. XRD, scanning electron microscope, were used to characterize the properties of the specimens. Experimental results carried out for composition %64Co–%32Cr–%4Ti at 1200 C suggest that the best properties as 182.09 HV and 5,584 g/cm3 density were obtained at 1200 C

Production of ni3al-fe composite and investigation of mechanical properties

In intermetallics high resistance to creep and oxidation, high strenght, low density are desired properties. Sintering process was used in this study by adding different amounts of Fe powder to Ni-Al powder mixture. When the properties of the sample after sintering were examined 40% weight Fe added composition was found as the most suitable ratio in terms of mechanical properties. Analyses were conducted metallographically on the samples after sintering, the densities were calculated, hardness and shear strengths were determined. According to the data 40% Fe added composition had 5,82 gr/cm3 of density, 92,8 HB hardness values and displayed 221 MPa shear strength

Technical and thematic review of Abdul Wahab Issawi's novel spartan diwan

MakaleTarih içinde birey ve toplumların yaşadıkları olaylar, farklı tahkiye türünden sanatlarla ifade edile gelmiştir. Bu sanatlar içinde 17. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan roman sanatı, tarihî olayların edebî bir üslupla ifade edilebilmesine en uygun tahkiye türü olarak görünmektedir. Bir insan sanatı olması ve vesikalara dayanmaması nedeniyle roman sanatının, yazarın bakış açısından arınması mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle roman, sanatsal amaçların yanında farklı maksatlarla da kullanılmıştır. Cezayir halkının yaşadıklarını roman sanatına taşıyan yazarlardan biri de Abdulvehhâb ʿÎsâvî’dir. Abdulvehhâb ʿÎsâvî 1830 yılında Cezayir’in Fransızlar tarafından işgalini ve öncesinde Osmanlı yönetimindeyken yaşananları anlatan ed-Dîvânu’l-Isbartî isimli bir roman kaleme almıştır. Antik çağda bağımsızlık mücadeleleri ile tanınan Sparta şehir devletinin roman adına taşındığı eserde, Cezayir’in bağımsızlığı fikri çeşitli temalar vasıtasıyla işlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada ed-Dîvânu’l-Isbartî isimli eser, yazarın roman sanatının kurallarını ne ölçüde kullandığını tespit edebilmek için teknik, romanda hangi konuların işlendiğini belirleyebilmek için tematik açıdan incelenmiştir. Eserin sanatsal değerinin tespit edilmesi, Arap edebiyatında roman sanatının geldiği seviyenin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, ideolojilerin roman sanatına ne ölçüde etki edebileceğinin ortaya çıkarılması açısından önem arz etmektedir.The events experienced by individuals and societies throughout history have been expressed with different types of narrative arts. Among these arts, the art of the novel, which emerged in the 17th century, seems to be the most suitable type for expressing historical events in a literary style. But because it is a human art and is not based on documents, the novel cannot be purified from the point of view of the author. For this reason, the novel has been used for different purposes besides artistic purposes. One of the authors who carried the Algerian people's experiences to the art of novel is Abdul Wahab Issawi. Abdul Wahab Issawi wrote a novel called Spartan Diwan, which tells about the occupation of Algeria by the French in 1830 and what happened before it was under Ottoman rule. In this study, the work named Spartan Diwan was examined in terms of technique in order to determine to what extent the author used the rules of the art of the novel, and thematically in order to determine which subjects were covered in the novel. It is aimed to determine the artistic value of the work and to determine the level of the art of novel in Arabic literature. The study is important in terms of revealing to what extent ideologies can affect the art of the novel

Birinci Kademe Okuma-Yazma Kurslarına Katılan Yetişkinlerin Matematik Becerileri Üzerine bir Araştırma

There are mainly two aims in this research. The first aim was to define mathematical skills of adults, who have participated into first stage of literacy programs. The second aim was to find out the relationships between their socio-demographic characteristics and defined mathematical skills. This is a descriptive research employing a mixture of research designs. The research was conducted in four cities (namely, Şanlıurfa, Ankara, Istanbul and Diyarbakır). Results show that more than 90% of those learners are not able to perform the four basic mathematical operations. Generally speaking, the younger learners are the better in mathematical skills. Also those who work and have an income have higher mathematical skills. Moreover the participants who have attended primary school are better at mathematics. Another distinguishing feature of successful adults is that they have more ties with urban life. It may also be stated that having literate adults around and using written communication more have impacts on their improving literacy and mathematical skills.Bu araştırmada birinci kademe okuma-yazma programlarına katılan yetişkinlerin matematik beceri düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve belirlenen beceri düzeyinin yetişkinlerin sosyo-demografik özellikleriyle ilişkisinin betimlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, karma araştırma desenlerini kullanan betimsel bir tarama araştırmasıdır. Araştırma dört kentte (Şanlıurfa, Ankara, İstanbul, Diyarbakır) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularında göre, kurslara katılanların % 90’ından fazlası dört temel işlemi yapamamaktadır. Genel olarak kursiyerlerin ve eski mezunların yaşı düştükçe matematik becerisi yükselmektedir. Gelir getirici bir işte çalışanların matematik becerisi konusunda başarıları daha yüksektir. İlköğretime devam etmiş olan yetişkinler, diğerlerine göre daha başarılıdır. Başarılı olan yetişkinlerin diğer ayırt edici özelliği, kentsel yaşamla daha fazla bağ kurmuş olmalarıdır. Çevrelerinde okuryazar yetişkinlerin olması, yazılı iletişimin daha fazla kullanılması, bu yetişkinlerin okuryazarlıklarını ve matematik becerilerini ilerletmelerinde etkisi olduğu söylenebilir

The evolution of Islamic politics in Turkey along the NSP-PP line : change or continuity

Ankara : Department of Political Science and Public Administration of Bilkent University, 1991.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1991.Includes bibliographical references leaves 100-105.The purpose of the present study is to describe changes and continuities in the National Salvation Party (Milli Selamet Partisi, NSP)-Prosperity Party (Refah Partisi, PP) line in the period through 1970 to 1990 at the level of ideological posture, political discourse and electoral support báse. In doing this, I tried to emphasize,— talcing the great political and economic changes 'Furkish society experienced in the 1980 decade and the way these changes were reflected in and accommodated by the NSP-PP line as the starting point,— that since the NSP-PP line has based itself on cultural cleavages,— mainly religious-based,— obtaining within Turkish society, its ideological posture in its essentials has remained outside the ,scope of changes resulted from functional (economic) cleavages, although the sources of its political appeal as well as its political discourse have undergone contextual accomodations.Yıldız, AhmetM.S

Intellectual Responsibility as “An Art of Prometheus” and Sezai Karakoç

Sezai Karakoç, as a poet-thinker, is the subject of this article in the context of intellectual responsibility, which points to the intellectual and moral ground in which the thought and stance he put forward through the perspective of “Islamic civilization”. Drawing upon the perspective that Edward W. Said developed on intellectual responsibility, a transition to the Muslim intellectual is made and the adaptation of this concept is discussed with reference to M. Abid Jabiri. While the behavior matrix required by the responsibility framework of the Muslim intellectual towards the society he lives in and the forms this matrix takes in Karakoç’s life are evaluated within the historicity of the period in which Karakoç lived, attention is also drawn to the way his idea, art and action are affected by the “contradictions in his temperament”.“İslam medeniyeti” perspektifi üzerinden ortaya koyduğu düşünce ve duruşun gerçekleştiği fikri ve ahlaki zemine işaret eden entelektüel sorumluluk bağlamında, bir şair-düşünür olarak Sezai Karakoç, bu yazının konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Edward W. Said’in entelektüel sorumluluk üzerine geliştirdiği perspektiften hareketle, Müslüman entelektüele geçiş yapılmakta ve M. Abid Cabiri’ye atıfla bu kavramın adaptasyonu ele alınmaktadır. Müslüman entelektüelin yaşadığı topluma karşı sorumluluk çerçevesinin gerektirdiği davranış matrisi ile bu matrisin Karakoç’un hayatında aldığı biçimler, Karakoç’un yaşadığı dönemin tarihselliği içinde değerlendirilirken, fikir-sanat ve eyleminin “mizacındaki çelişkiler” den etkilenme biçimine de dikkat çekilmektedir

Search for an ethno-secular delimitation of Turkish national identity in the Kemalist era (1924-1938) with particular reference to the ethnicist conception of Kemalist nationalism

Ankara : Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University, 1998.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Bilkent University, 1998.Includes bibliographical references leaves 471-493.This study deals with the search for the creation of an ethno- secular Turkish national identity with particular reference to the ethnicist conception of Kemalist nationalism espoused by a group of bureaucratic- intellectual elites over three distinct periods in the years between 1919- 1938 with an historical perspective. In the period of 1919-1924, nationality was defined by religion, and hence, Turkish national identity had a predominantly religious character. As a reflection of this state of "forced" pluralism, official political discourse considered ethnic diversity as a given social condition. In the second period (1924-1929), a radical rupture from the religious definition occurred with the adoption of Republicanism consisting of legal and political components. The legal component of the republican definition was overwhelmed by its political component, however. The motto of this definition was the "unity in language, culture and ideal" The third period (1929-1938) of the delimitation of Turkish national identity in the Kemalist era was characterised by the efforts of a group of bureaucratic-intellectual elites who adopted the ethnicist conception of Kemalist nationalism to articulate racial motives, which defined national community at the basis of Turkish ethnie and structured around the sense of common origin, into the republican definition. The symbolic reflection of this articulation was the motto of the "unity in language, culture and blood" The emergent definition of "ethno-secular Turkish man" within the evolution of the parameters of Turkish national identity during the Kemalist era(1924-1938) was that the complete, genuine, or pure Turk was the one who embraced the cause of the Republican ideal, devoted to Westernised Turkish culture, spoke Turkish and descended from Turkish origin. Those who lacked any of the said parameters had to be compensated for. Aloofness to religiosity, the adoption of Turkish not only as official language but also as the mother-tongue, devotion to the monolithically defined Westernised Turkish culture intermixed with the political ideal preached by the new Republic, and the attainment of purity and strength of race were the suggested "compensators." Ethnicism and Turkification policies were the two natural corollaries of the ethnicist conception of Kemalist nationalism. Being constituted as such, the "other" of this nationalism involved religious Turks, non-Turkish Muslim ethnies, and non-Muslim minorities.Yıldız, AhmetPh.D

Production of ni3al-cr composite and investigation of mechanical properties

Nickel aluminide intermetallic compounds possess attractive properties that make them good candidates for high temperature structural applications. It is known that Ni3Al intermetallics are commonly used in various application fields with the addition of Cr, in particular as well as elements such as Ti, Co, Mo and Fe which are related to this group for improving properties thereof. Given this information, sintering process was used in this study by adding different amounts of Cr powder to Ni3Al powder mixture. When the properties of the sample after sintering were examined we were able to reveal the effects of Cr on Ni3Al and consider 3% Cr added compositions as the most suitable ratio in terms of mechanical properties. Analyses were conducted metallographically on the samples after sintering, the densities were calculated, hardness and shear strengths were determined. According to the data 3% Cr adde