Harnessing high-dimensional hyperentanglement through a biphoton frequency comb

Quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource for secure information processing and communications, where hyperentanglement or high-dimensional entanglement has been separately proposed towards high data capacity and error resilience. The continuous-variable nature of the energy-time entanglement makes it an ideal candidate for efficient high-dimensional coding with minimal limitations. Here we demonstrate the first simultaneous high-dimensional hyperentanglement using a biphoton frequency comb to harness the full potential in both energy and time domain. The long-postulated Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum revival is exhibited, with up to 19 time-bins, 96.5% visibilities. We further witness the high-dimensional energy-time entanglement through Franson revivals, which is observed periodically at integer time-bins, with 97.8% visibility. This qudit state is observed to simultaneously violate the generalized Bell inequality by up to 10.95 deviations while observing recurrent Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt S-parameters up to 2.76. Our biphoton frequency comb provides a platform in photon-efficient quantum communications towards the ultimate channel capacity through energy-time-polarization high-dimensional encoding

Near-infrared Hong-Ou-Mandel interference on a silicon quantum photonic circuit

Near-infrared Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interference is observed in silicon nanophotonic directional couplers with raw visibilities on-chip at 90.5%. Spectrally-bright 1557-nm two-photon states are generated in a periodically-poled KTiOPO4 waveguide chip, serving as the entangled photon source and pumped with a self-injection locked laser, for the photon statistical measurements. Efficient four-port coupling in the communications C-band and in the high-index-contrast silicon photonics platform is demonstrated, with matching theoretical predictions of the quantum interference visibility. Constituents for the residual quantum visibility imperfection are examined, supported with theoretical analysis of the sequentially-triggered multipair biphoton contribution and techniques for visibility compensation, towards scalable high-bitrate quantum information processing and communications.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

Identification by PCR signature-tagged mutagenesis of attenuated Salmonella Pullorum mutants and corresponding genes in a chicken embryo model

A key feature of the fowl-specific pathogen Salmonella Pullorum is its vertical transmission to progeny via the egg. In this study, PCR signature-tagged mutagenesis identified nine genes of a strain of S. Pullorum that contributed to survival in the chicken embryo during incubation. The genes were involved in invasion, cell division, metabolism and bacterial defence. The competition index in vivo and in vitro together with a virulence evaluation for chicken embryos of all nine mutant strains confirmed their attenuation

Nonlocal cancellation of multi-frequency-channel dispersion

We present an investigation of the temporal correlation of time-energy entangled photon pairs propagating through multi-frequency-channel dispersive media, in which photon spectra spread over multiple discrete frequency channels with dispersions. We have observed more complex coincidence structures including double coincidence envelopes and dependence on frequency detuning that are absent in the single-channel case. Our results on the correlation of the time-energy photonic entanglement in dispersive media with channel divisions would impact the fields of quantum metrology and communication.United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Information in a Photon Program (Army Research Office Grant W911NF-10-1-0416

MELD-XI Score Is Associated With Short-Term Adverse Events in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection

Aim: Accumulating evidence suggests that MELD-XI score holds the ability to predict the prognosis of congestive heart failure. However, most of the evidence is based on the end-stage heart failure population; thus, we aim to explore the association between the MELD-XI score and the prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Methods: A total of 30,096 patients hospitalized for HFpEF in Fujian Provincial Hospital between January 1, 2014 and July 17, 2020 with available measures of creatinine and liver function were enrolled. The primary endpoint was 60-day in-hospital all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were 60-day in-hospital cardiovascular mortality and 30-day rehospitalization for heart failure.Results: A total of 222 patients died within 60 days after admission, among which 75 deaths were considered cardiogenic. And 73 patients were readmitted for heart failure within 30 days after discharge. Generally, patients with an elevated MELD-XI score tended to have more comorbidities, higher NYHA class, and higher inflammatory biomarkers levels. Meanwhile, the MELD-XI score was positively correlated with NT-pro BNP, left atrial diameter, E/e' and negatively correlated with LVEF. After adjusting for conventional risk factors, the MELD-XI score was independently associated with 60-day in-hospital all-cause mortality [hazard ratio(HR) = 1.052, 95% confidential interval (CI) 1.022–1.083, P = 0.001], 60-day in-hospital cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.064, 95% CI 1.013–1.118, P = 0.014), and 30-day readmission for heart failure (HR = 1.061, 95% CI 1.015–1.108, P = 0.009). Furthermore, the MELD-XI score added an incremental discriminatory capacity to risk stratification models developed based on this cohort.Conclusion: The MELD-XI score was associated with short-term adverse events and provided additional discriminatory capacity to risk stratification models in patients hospitalized for HFpEF

On Generalized Transitive Matrices

Transitivity of generalized fuzzy matrices over a special type of semiring is considered. The semiring is called incline algebra which generalizes Boolean algebra, fuzzy algebra, and distributive lattice. This paper studies the transitive incline matrices in detail. The transitive closure of an incline matrix is studied, and the convergence for powers of transitive incline matrices is considered. Some properties of compositions of incline matrices are also given, and a new transitive incline matrix is constructed from given incline matrices. Finally, the issue of the canonical form of a transitive incline matrix is discussed. The results obtained here generalize the corresponding ones on fuzzy matrices and lattice matrices shown in the references

Bayesian Inference Algorithm for Estimating Heterogeneity of Regulatory Mechanisms Based on Single-Cell Data

The rapid progress in biological experimental technologies has generated a huge amount of experimental data to investigate complex regulatory mechanisms. Various mathematical models have been proposed to simulate the dynamic properties of molecular processes using the experimental data. However, it is still difficult to estimate unknown parameters in mathematical models for the dynamics in different cells due to the high demand for computing power. In this work, we propose a population statistical inference algorithm to improve the computing efficiency. In the first step, this algorithm clusters single cells into a number of groups based on the distances between each pair of cells. In each cluster, we then infer the parameters of the mathematical model for the first cell. We propose an adaptive approach that uses the inferred parameter values of the first cell to formulate the prior distribution and acceptance criteria of the following cells. Three regulatory network models were used to examine the efficiency and effectiveness of the designed algorithm. The computational results show that the new method reduces the computational time significantly and provides an effective algorithm to infer the parameters of regulatory networks in a large number of cells