The roles and molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNA WT1-AS in the maintenance and development of gastric cancer stem cells

It has been proposed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for almost all malignant phenotypes of tumors. Long non-coding RNA WT1 antisense RNA (WT1-AS) has been found to be implicated in lung cancer cell stemness. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of WT1-AS in the development of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) remain unknown. Our present study showed that WT1-AS negatively regulated WT1 expression in GCSCs. WT1-AS knockdown or Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) overexpression improved GCSC proliferative and migratory capacities, inhibited GCSC apoptosis, potentiated the resistance of GCSCs to 5-FU, promoted GCSC EMT, induced HUVEC angiogenesis, enhanced GCSC stemness, and facilitated in-vitro 3D GCSC aggregate formation. WT1-AS overexpression exerted reverse effects. WT1-AS ameliorated the malignant phenotypes of GCSCs by down-regulating WT1 in vitro. WT1-AS inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, and reduced tumor stemness in GCSCs-derived (s.c., i.p., and i.v.) xenografts in vivo. Moreover, XBP1 was identified as an upstream regulator of WT1-AS in GCSCs. Also, 4 potential WT1-AS downstream targets (i.e. PSPH, GSTO2, FYN, and PHGDH) in GCSCs were identified. Additionally, CACNA2D1 was demonstrated to be a downstream target of the WT1-AS/WT axis. XBP1 or CACNA2D1 knockdown exerted an adverse effect on the maintenance of stem cell-like behaviors and characteristics of GCSCs. In conclusion, WT1-AS weakened the stem cell-like behaviors and characteristics of GCSCs in vitro and in vivo by down-regulating WT1. Investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex phenotypes of GCSCs might contribute to the better management of gastric cancer

Photo-Promoted Platinum Nanoparticles Decorated MoS₂@Graphene Woven Fabric Catalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Generation

Hydrogen production from water splitting has been considered as an effective and sustainable method to solve future energy related crisis. Molybdenum sulfides (e.g., MoS₂) show promising catalytic ability in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Combining MoS₂ with conductive carbon-based materials has aroused tremendous research interest recently. In this work, a highly efficient multiple-catalyst is developed for HER by decorating Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) on MoS₂@graphene protected nickel woven fabrics (NiWF) substrate, which comprises the following components: (i) Graphene protected NiWF acts as the underlying substrate, supporting the whole structure; (ii) MoS₂ nanoplates serve as a central and essential photosensitive component, forming a heterostructure with graphene simultaneously; and (iii) on the basis of the intrinsic photoluminescence effect of MoS₂, together with the photoelectric response at the MoS₂/graphene interface, Pt NPs are successfully deposited on the whole structure under illumination. Particularly and foremost, this work emphasizes on discussion and verification of the underlying mechanism for photopromoted electroless Pt NPs deposition. Due to this assembly approach, the usage amount of Pt is controlled at ∼5 wt % (∼0.59 at. %) with respect to the whole catalyst. MoS₂@Substrate with Pt NPs deposited under 643 nm illumination, with the synergistic effect of MoS₂ active sites and Pt NPs, demonstrates the most superior electrocatalytic performance, with negligible overpotential and low Tafel slope of 39.4 mV/dec

Solvent-Controlled Morphology of Zinc–Cobalt Bimetallic Sulfides for Supercapacitors

Bimetallic sulfides offer high theoretical specific capacitance and good stability as electrode materials due to their diverse redox reactions, larger specific surface areas, and better conductivity. The morphology of the electrode material is an important influencing factor for the electrochemical properties. Herein, a series of ZnCoS electrode materials with different morphologies were prepared by varying the solvent in the solvothermal reaction, and the effects of different microstructures on the electrochemical properties of ZnCoS were investigated. The ratio of water and ethanol in the solvent was controlled to modulate the microstructure of the as-prepared ZnCoS materials. XRD and XPS revealed the physical and chemical structure of the ZnCoS materials. SEM and TEM observations showed that the microstructure of ZnCoS transformed from one-dimensional wires to two-dimensional sheets with increasing amounts of ethanol. The maximum specific capacitance of the as-prepared ZnCoS materials is 6.22 F cm−2 at a current density of 5 mA cm−2, which is superior to that of most previously reported bimetallic sulfides. The enhanced electrochemical performance could be ascribed to its sheet-assembled spherical structure, which not only shortens the path of ion diffusion but also increases the contact between surface active sites and the electrolyte. Moreover, the spherical structure provides numerous void spaces for buffering the volume expansion and penetration of the electrolyte, which would be favorable for electrochemical reactions. Furthermore, the ZnCoS electrodes were coupled with activated carbon (AC) electrodes to build asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). The ASC device exhibits a maximum energy density of 0.124 mWh cm−2 under a power density of 2.1 mW cm−2. Moreover, even under a high-power density of 21 mW cm−2, the energy density can still reach 0.055 mWh cm−2