Drahtloses Low Power Wide Area Network bei 2,4 GHz

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird ein neues Modulationsverfahren für Low Power Wide Area Networks auf Basis von Spatial Modulation und CDMA vorgeschlagen und untersucht. Nach einem kurzen Überblick über den Stand der Technik und die Grundlagen von DSSS-Systemen wird das neue Modulationsverfahren SpaRSe (Spatial Modulation for Long Range Sensor Networks) vorgestellt, das die Vorteile von Mehrantennentechnologien mit einfacher Modulation und geringem Hardwareaufwand verbindet. Simulative Untersuchungen zeigen die erheblichen Gewinne, die durch die Verwendung SpaRSe im Vergleich zu bereits standardisierten Wellenformen erreicht werden können. Um das Potenzial und die Anwendungsnähe zu unterstreichen, werden darüber hinaus eine Implementierung auf einem Software Defined Radio vorgestellt und Ergebnisse von Kanalmessungen im urbanen Umfeld bei 2,4 GHz präsentiert. Die Auswertung der Interferenzsituation wie auch der Ausbreitungseigenschaften der Funkkanäle liefern dabei wichtige Erkenntnise zu den zu erwartenden Reichweiten eines solchen Systems. Es zeigt sich außerdem, dass die zuvor getroffenen Simulationsannahmen gerechtfertigt sind und SpaRSe auch unter realistischen, suboptimalen Bedingungen sehr robust und dem aktuellen Stand der Technik deutlich überlegen ist

The influence of bisphosphonates on human osteoblast migration and integrin aVb3/tenascin C gene expression in vitro

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bisphosphonates are therapeutics of bone diseases, such as Paget's disease, multiple myeloma or osteoclastic metastases. As a severe side effect the bisphosphonate induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (BONJ) often requires surgical treatment and is accompanied with a disturbed wound healing.</p> <p>Therefore, the influence on adhesion and migration of human osteoblasts (hOB) after bisphosphonate therapy has been investigated by morphologic as well as gene expression methods.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>By a scratch wound experiment, which measures the reduction of defined cell layer gap, the morphology and migration ability of hOB was evaluated. A test group of hOB, which was stimulated by zoledronate 5 × 10^-5M, and a control group of unstimulated hOB were applied. Furthermore the gene expression of integrin aVb3 and tenascin C was quantified by Real-Time rtPCR at 5data points over an experimental period of 14 days. The bisphosphonates zoledronate, ibandronate and clodronate have been compared with an unstimulated hOB control.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After initially identical migration and adhesion characteristics, zoledronate inhibited hOB migration after 50 h of stimulation. The integrinavb3 and tenascin C gene expression was effected by bisphosphonates in a cell line dependent manner with decreased, respectively inconsistent gene expression levels over time. The non-nitrogen containing bisphosphonates clodronate led to decreased gene expression levels.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Bisphosphonates seem to inhibit hOB adhesion and migration. The integrin aVb3 and tenascin C gene expression seem to be dependent on the cell line. BONJ could be enhanced by an inhibition of osteoblast adhesion and migration. The gene expression results, however, suggest a cell line dependent effect of bisphosphonates, which could explain the interindividual differences of BONJ incidences.</p

Reinterpretation of LHC Results for New Physics: Status and recommendations after Run 2

We report on the status of efforts to improve the reinterpretation of searches and measurements at the LHC in terms of models for new physics, in the context of the LHC Reinterpretation Forum. We detail current experimental offerings in direct searches for new particles, measurements, technical implementations and Open Data, and provide a set of recommendations for further improving the presentation of LHC results in order to better enable reinterpretation in the future. We also provide a brief description of existing software reinterpretation frameworks and recent global analyses of new physics that make use of the current data

DySPAN Spectrum Challenge: situational awareness and opportunistic spectrum access benchmarked

In this paper, we describe the original problem statement and the two winning solutions to the IEEE DySPAN Challenge, organized in Baltimore in 2017. The idea of the challenge was to invite teams to propose as diverse as possible solutions to a well defined problem, and evaluate the performance of the proposed solutions in a realistic environment. The challenge is defined to enable benchmarking and comparison of multiple teams, possibly working on different parts of the system, in a real environment. The winning solutions represented a complete and working system, working robustly and adapting to both anticipated scenario changes, as well as random effects caused by the conference setting. The code for running the challenge along with the winning solutions is publicly available, so that interested teams can start from the code when designing or benchmarking solutions, as well as when setting up own challenges and competitions. As a result, the challenge can serve as a milestone towards the creation of a benchmarking series. This paper contains all the necessary details about the software repositories so that it becomes possible to rerun the challenge and start building novel solutions based on the winners in IEEE DySPAN 2017.status: publishe

Safe and effective pool testing for SARS-CoV-2 detection

Objectives: The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 is a serious public health issue. Large-scale surveillance screenings are crucial but can exceed test capacities. We (A) optimized test conditions and (B) implemented pool testing of respiratory swabs into SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. Study design: (A) We determined the optimal pooling strategy and pool size. In addition, we measured the impact of vortexing prior to sample processing, compared a pipette-pooling method (by combining transport medium of several specimens) and a swab-pooling method (by combining several swabs into a test tube filled with PBS) as well as determined the sensitivities of three PCR assays. (B) Finally, we applied high-throughput pool testing for diagnostics. Results: (A) In a low prevalence setting, we defined a preferable pool size of ten in a two-stage hierarchical pool testing strategy. Vortexing of swabs (n = 33) increased cellular yield by a factor of 2.34. By comparing Ct-values of 16 pools generated with two different pooling strategies, pipette-pooling was more efficient compared to swab-pooling. Measuring dilution series of 20 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples in three PCR assays simultaneously revealed detection rates of 85% (assay I), 50% (assay II), and 95% (assay III) at a 1:100 dilution. (B) We systematically pooled 55,690 samples in a period of 44 weeks resulting in a reduction of 47,369 PCR reactions. Conclusions: For implementing pooling strategies into high-throughput diagnostics, we recommend utilizing a pipette-pooling method, performing sensitivity validation of the PCR assays used, and vortexing swabs prior to analyses. Pool testing for SARS-CoV-2 detection is feasible and effective in a low prevalence setting

Discovery of ultrapotent broadly neutralizing antibodies from SARS-CoV-2 elite neutralizers

A fraction of COVID-19 convalescent individuals mount a potent antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 with cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-1. To uncover their humoral response in detail, we performed single B cell analysis from 10 SARS-CoV-2 elite neutralizers. We isolated and analyzed 126 monoclonal antibodies, many of which were sarbecovirus cross-reactive, with some displaying merbecovirus-and embecovirus-reactivity. Several isolated broadly neutralizing antibodies were effective against B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.429, B.1.617, and B.1.617.2 variants and 19 prominent potential escape sites. Furthermore, assembly of 716,806 SARSCoV-2 sequences predicted emerging escape variants, which were also effectively neutralized. One of these broadly neutralizing potent antibodies, R40-1G8, is a IGHV3-53 RBD-class-1 antibody. Remarkably, cryo-EM analysis revealed that R40-1G8 has a flexible binding mode, targeting both upand downconformations of the RBD. Given the threat of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, we demonstrate that elite neutralizers are a valuable source for isolating ultrapotent antibody candidates to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection

Lolli-Methode als Grundlage einer SARS-CoV-2- Surveillance in Kitas und Schulen

Systematisches Testen auf SARS-CoV-2 in Kitas und Schulen kann einen wichtigen Bei¬trag leisten, um das dortige Infektionsgeschehen besser beurteilen zu können und das Übertragungsrisiko von Infektionen zu reduzie¬ren. In der vorliegenden Studie wird die Validierung der Lolli-Methode und die Implementierung des Testkonzeptes in 32 Kölner Kitas im Zeitraum September 2020 bis März 2021 vorgestellt. Das Testkonzept Lolli-Methode basiert auf der Kombination einer einfachen Pro-benentnahme und anschließender PCR-Pooltes¬tung. Es wird seit April 2021 an allen Kitas und Schulen der Stadt Köln und seit Mai 2021 an allen Grund- und Förderschulen in Nord¬rhein-Westfalen durchgeführt.Peer Reviewe