DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE MONITOREO, CONTROL Y ADQUISICIÓN DE PARÁMETROS CARACTERÍSTICOS DE MÓDULOS FOTOVOLTAICOS DE BAJO COSTO BASADO EN ARDUINO-OCTAVE. (DESIGN OF A LOW COST SYSTEM FOR MONITORING, CONTROL AND CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS ACQUISITION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES BASED ON ARDUINO-OCTAVE.)

ResumenEl presente documento describe el diseño, desarrollo y evaluación de un sistema de monitoreo, control y adquisición de datos robusto para su uso en equipos de conversión de energía solar. El dispositivo se planteó con el objetivo de medir las variables características para este tipo de sistemas, es decir, radiación solar, temperatura, corriente y voltaje. Además se diseñó para trabajarse con hardware y software de licencia libre; por tal razón se utilizó un Arduino Mega2560 como base del microcontrolador y Octave como el software para el procesamiento de la información. El dispositivo diseñado es flexible y puede funcionar en forma aislada o en línea a través del puerto USB de una computadora. Para su evaluación se utilizó un sistema fotovoltaico aislado conformado por una celda monocristalina de 150 W, controlador de carga y batería de 12 V de ciclo profundo. Entonces, es posible decir que el sistema es factible como adquisidor de datos ya que entrega información confiable, con precisión, exactitud y una variación no mayor al 5 %.Palabras Claves: Adquisición de Datos, Arduino, Energía Solar, Fotovoltaica, Octave.  AbstractThis document describes the design, development and evaluation of a robust data monitoring, control and acquisition system for use in solar power conversion devices. The device was created with the objective of measuring the characteristic variables of this type of systems, i.e. solar radiation, temperature, current and voltage. In addition, it was designed to work with free license software and hardware; for this reason, an Arduino Mega 256 was used as a microcontroller base and Octave was used as the information processing software. The system is flexible and works as an isolated or online system through a USB computer-port. For its evaluation an isolated photovoltaic system was used, formed by a monocrystalline cell of 150 W, charge controller and 12 V battery of deep cycle. Then, it is possible to say that the system is feasible as a data acquirer since it delivers reliable information, with precision, accuracy and a variation of no more than 5%.  Keywords: Arduino, DAQ, Octave, PV Cell, Solar Energy

Magnetic unmixing of first-order reversal curve diagrams using principal component analysis

We describe a quantitative magnetic unmixing method based on principal component analysis (PCA) of first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams. For PCA we resample FORC distributions on grids that capture diagnostic signatures of single-domain (SD), pseudo-single-domain (PSD), and multidomain (MD) magnetite, as well as of minerals such as hematite. Individual FORC diagrams are recast as linear combinations of end-member (EM) FORC diagrams, located at user-defined positions in PCA space. The EM selection is guided by constraints derived from physical modeling and imposed by data scatter. We investigate temporal variations of two EMs in bulk North Atlantic sediment cores collected from the Rockall Trough and the Iberian Continental Margin. Sediments from each site contain a mixture of magnetosomes and granulometrically distinct detrital magnetite. We also quantify the spatial variation of three EM components (a coarse silt-sized MD component, a fine silt-sized PSD component, and a mixed clay-sized component containing both SD magnetite and hematite) in surficial sediments along the flow path of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). These samples were separated into granulometric fractions, which helped constrain EM definition. PCA-based unmixing reveals systematic variations in EM relative abundance as a function of distance along NADW flow. Finally, we apply PCA to the combined dataset of Rockall Trough and NADW sediments, which can be recast as a four-EM mixture, providing enhanced discrimination between components. Our method forms the foundation of a general solution to the problem of unmixing multi-component magnetic mixtures, a fundamental task of rock magnetic studies.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement 320750.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GC00590

Groundwater hydrochemical facies, flowpaths and recharge determined by multivariate statistical, isotopic and chloride mass-balance methods

Multivariate statistical methods (MSMs) applied to groundwater chemistry provide valuable insight into the main hydrochemical species, hydrochemical processes, and water flowpaths important to groundwater evolution. This hypothesis is supported by the examination of available chloride, oxygen-18, hydrogen-2, carbon-13, and carbon-14 data from the region. The MSMs of principal component analysis (PCA) factor analysis (FA), correspondence analysis (CA) and k-means cluster analysis (KMCA) were sequentially applied to major ion chemistry from 209 different groundwater sampling-locations in the Amargosa Desert. The FA reduces the number of variables describing the system and finds relationships between major ions. The KMCA of the reduced system produced objective hydrochemical facies, which are independent of, but in good agreement with, lithological data. The derived factors and hydrochemical facies are innovatively presented on biplots, revealing composition of hydrochemical processes and facies, and overlaid on a digital elevation model, displaying flowpaths and interactions with geologic and topographic features in the region. In particular, a distinct groundwater chemical signature is observed beneath and surrounding the extended flowpath of Fortymile Wash, presenting some contradiction to contemporary water levels along with potential interaction with a fault line. The signature surrounding the ephemeral Fortymile Wash is believed to represent the relic of water that infiltrated during past pluvial periods when the amount of runoff in the wash was significantly larger than during the current drier period. Furthermore, chloride mass-balance was applied to drill cuttings to determine local infiltration rates and dates, which corroborate the previous analyses

El aprendizaje de la historia a partir del lenguaje integral

Licenciatura en Educació

Dynamic analysis of a rolling tire-like structure

Abstract not availabl

MODELADO Y SIMULACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA HÍBRIDO CON BATERÍAS MECÁNICAS PARA LA REGIÓN FRONTERIZA MÉXICO/ESTADOS UNIDOS

El enorme crecimiento de la población mundial, así como el desarrollo industrial y las recientes tecnologías están demandando cada día más energía eléctrica. Esta energía es suministrada a partir de combustibles fósiles, pero su consumo ha traído consecuencias tales como la erosión y la contaminación del medio ambiente. Sin embargo, las nuevas tecnologías basadas en fuentes de energía renovables, tales como la transformación de radiación solar y la fuerza hidráulica en energía eléctrica ofrecen otras opciones. Los objetivos principales de esta investigación son el definir la factibilidad tecnológica y geográfica para la generación de energía eléctrica a partir de celdas fotovoltaicas y baterías mecánicas en la frontera entre México/Estados Unidos, específicamente en el área de Ciudad Juárez/El Paso. Además, se desarrolló un modelo de simulación utilizando el software EXTEND para poder evaluar la cantidad de energía eléctrica generada por las celdas fotovoltaicas y baterías mecánicas trabajando híbridamente como un sistema, suministrando la demanda eléctrica para una familia mexicana típica. Los cálculos matemáticos fueron realizados a partir de bases de datos meteorológicos, aunado con especificaciones comerciales de celdas fotovoltaicas y generadores hidráulicos de electricidad. Este modelo tiene la capacidad de realizar múltiples opciones como comparación, predicción, evaluación, etc

Groundwater Recharge in the Southern Amargosa Desert Using Surface- Runoff Chemistry-11489

ABSTRACT Accurate estimates of groundwater recharge are necessary components for understanding longterm sustainability of groundwater resources and predictions of groundwater flow rates and flow directions. Amargosa Desert regional groundwater studies show that the surface runoff infiltration occur in the arroyos following runoff producing storms, and this infiltration is considered to be a major source of groundwater recharge. The present study attempts to investigate how water chemistry evolves during the surface runoff and infiltration processes, in the southern Amargosa Desert. In this ongoing study, four surface runoff samplers (SRS) were installed at two different arroyos in the southern Amargosa Desert to capture the surface runoff water. The sampling process included sediment, precipitation, and SRS water samples. In total, four SRS, six sediment, and two precipitation samples were collected between September, 2009 and January, 2010. Analysis of chloride and the stable isotopes of water show substantial overlap of values with underlying groundwater consistent with the concept that infiltration of surface runoff is a major contributor to groundwater recharge in the study area. Groundwater ion concentrations represent a large collection of infiltration events occurring over time, and an exact match with surface runoff samples is unlikely. The SRS design proved its ability to function in arid weather conditions and capture surface-runoff. Further sample collection, statistical analysis, and infiltration modeling will be required to fully describe the evolution of water chemistry between infiltration and old groundwater

Safety implication for an unsaturated zone nuclear waste repository

In this paper we shed some light on the safety of unsaturated zone nuclear geological repositories in the long run by examining the effect of physical and chemical processes that take place inside a partially failed nuclear waste container. Our analysis addresses the safety of the proposed nuclear repository at Yucca Mountain, which is intended to store high-level nuclear waste. Our study is independent of the US Department of Energy (DOE) analysis, which involves a number of complex computer codes and assumptions, and relies on the performance of an engineered barrier system. Our safety analysis could be applied in general to any geological repository designed to be in an unsaturated zone, since it is based on the geology, unsaturated zone location, and a key characteristic of the waste, heat production. This analysis shows that the radionuclide release from a partially failed waste container, stored in an unsaturated zone geological repository, is likely to be gradual and long delayed.Geological repository Advective transport Radionuclide sequestration

ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS EN UN PARQUE DE FRACCIONAMIENTO A TRAVÉS DE HERRAMIENTAS DE TOMA DE DECISIONES

Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua se localiza en la región fronteriza en el norte del país donde las características de aridez de esta región hacen que el agua sea un factor limitante. Aunado a esto, es muy probable que las autoridades locales próximamente no permitan elriego de parques con agua potable y por lo tanto se deben evaluar diferentes opciones. Para este estudio, se aplicó una encuesta a 60 familias habitantes del Fraccionamiento Quinta Esmeralda con el objetivo de determinar las preferencias de los residentes con respecto a cinco alternativas propuestas para el riego de su parque, cada una con distintos atributos (bondades y limitaciones) que se dieron a conocer a los encuestados. Ninguna opción resultó seleccionada directamente por más del 25% de los encuestados. La encuesta también incluyo preguntas específicas sobre la apreciación por parte de los residentes de los distintos atributos asociadoscon cada opción para usarse como criterios para la selección de la alternativa más adecuada. Este estudio utiliza la herramienta TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) de Toma de Decisiones Multicriterio para evaluar diferentes alternativas de riego del parque, de tal forma que se encuentra aquella que mejor cumple con los criterios de los residentes para la administración de los recursos hídricos. Las cinco opciones evaluadas fueron: 1) Remplazo por zacate artificial, 2) Remplazo de vegetación actual por vegetación endémica, 3) Riego por agua tratada, 4) Desarrollo de un parque hundido, y 5) Riego por goteo. Los criterios utilizados para evaluación de las alternativas fueron: Costo de instalación, Costo de mantenimiento, Perdida de vegetación, Perdida de espacio, Consumo de agua potable, y Pérdida estética del parque. El análisis indica que la alternativa que mejor cumple con los intereses de los residentes es la de reemplazo de la actual vegetación del parque por la misma cantidad de vegetación endémica que requiere de menor riego y mantenimiento manteniendo así el mismo uso del espacio y aproximadamente la misma estética del parque