Effect of infusion on fluoride concentration in various chinese tea

The fluoride content in infusions of commercially available black tea, oolong tea, green tea, white tea and bata tea was determined via fluoride ion selective electrode method. Two methods of infusion were carried out: continuous infusion and repeated infusion. In continuous infusion, black tea yielded the highest concentration of fluoride, which ranged between 0.929±0.053 mg/L and 3.746±0.028 mg/L. Fluoride detected in brick tea ranged from 1.099±0.046 mg/L to 2.398±0.006 mg/L. The dissolvable fluoride for oolong tea, green tea, and white tea were ranged from 0.584±0.080 mg/L to 1.255±0.044 mg/L, 0.624±0.088 mg/L to 1.838±0.062 mg/L and 0.571±0.027 mg/L to 1.845±0.017 mg/L, respectively. The cumulative fluoride contents in repeated infusion were higher than those prepared by continuous infusion for all types of tea. Results of the study indicate that there was a wide range of fluoride content with different types of tea and methods of infusion. Because excessive intake of fluoride can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis, it is necessary for the government or international organization to establish a standard of fluoride content in tea commodities in order to protect the consumers against health hazards

A fast global optimizer based on improved CS-RBF and stochastic optimal algorithm

Author name used in this publication: S. L. HoAuthor name used in this publication: H. C. Wong2005-2006 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

A response surface methodology based on improved compactly supported radial basis function and its application to rapid optimizations of electromagnetic devices

Author name used in this publication: S. L. HoAuthor name used in this publication: S. Y. YangAuthor name used in this publication: G. Z. NiAuthor name used in this publication: H. C. Wong2004-2005 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

A meshless collocation method based on radial basis functions and wavelets

Author name used in this publication: S. L. HoAuthor name used in this publication: H. C. Wong2003-2004 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

A tabu method to find the Pareto solutions of multiobjective optimal design problems in electromagnetics

Author name used in this publication: S. L. HoAuthor name used in this publication: H. C. Wong2001-2002 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

An adaptive interpolating MLS based response surface model applied to design optimizations of electromagnetic devices

Author name used in this publication: S. L. HoAuthor name used in this publication: S. Y. Yang2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

An efficient multiobjective optimizer based on genetic algorithm and approximation techniques for electromagnetic design

Author name used in this publication: S. L. HoAuthor name used in this publication: G. Z. Ni2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

A particle swarm optimization method with enhanced global search ability for design optimizations of electromagnetic devices

Author name used in this publication: S. L. HoAuthor name used in this publication: H. C. Wong2005-2006 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

An improved Tabu search for the global optimizations of electromagnetic devices

Author name used in this publication: S. L. HoAuthor name used in this publication: H. C. Wong2001-2002 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe