Sentiment Analyse mit lokalen Grammatiken

Die Vorteile der Sentiment Analyse, ein relativ junges Forschungsgebiet des Data Minings, werden mittels lokaler Grammatiken an einem domänenspezifischen Korpus dargestellt. Die üblichen Verfahren der Sentiment Analyse werden dabei dem Ansatz der lokalen Grammatiken gegenübergestellt. Durch die Berücksichtigung des Kontexts können Wendungen, Idiome und ansatzweise ironische Anmerkungen erfasst werden, die in Bewertungstexten – wie hier in der Hotellerie – eine große Rolle spielen

Reducing Recidivism in the State of California: An Evaluation of California\u27s Prison and Parole Programs

Studies in the past few years have found that California has the highest recidivism rate in the nation. Until just a few decades ago, many did not believe that the rate of recidivism could be decreased for Robert Martinson’s 1974 study stated that “nothing worked” when trying to rehabilitate criminals. However, a renewed interest has proven that criminals can be rehabilitated. Thus, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR), as well as various independent researchers have begun to study the effects of programming on inmates. This thesis evaluates various California in-prison and parole programs in order to determine if recidivism can be reduced, and if it can, how? Researching a CDCR study, as well as other independent studies, it can be concluded that California can reduce its recidivism rates and that there are various principles that will help to accomplish this. However, while various evaluated programs proved successful one cannot accurately determine how successful the programs are at reducing recidivism due to the problem posed by the selection effect. Therefore, while recidivism can be reduced and it appears that specific programs and principles will prove valuable in accomplishing this goal, more research should be conducted in order to determine whether the programs are successful or whether the success is due to the inmates enrolled

Machine Learning for the Prediction of Converged Energies from Ab Initio Nuclear Structure Calculations

The prediction of nuclear observables beyond the finite model spaces that are accessible through modern ab initio methods, such as the no-core shell model, pose a challenging task in nuclear structure theory. It requires reliable tools for the extrapolation of observables to infinite many-body Hilbert spaces along with reliable uncertainty estimates. In this work we present a universal machine learning tool capable of capturing observable-specific convergence patterns independent of nucleus and interaction. We show that, once trained on few-body systems, artificial neural networks can produce accurate predictions for a broad range of light nuclei. In particular, we discuss neural-network predictions of ground-state energies from no-core shell model calculations for 6Li, 12C and 16O based on training data for 2H, 3H and 4He and compare them to classical extrapolations.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

In foreign homes: The placement of Viennese foster children in small peasant economies (1955–1970)

From the early 1950s to the 1970s the Viennese Youth Welfare took thousands of children out of their families of origin and placed them in foster families, mainly small peasant economies in a southern district of Burgenland and in a district of south-east Styria. Based on biographical narrative interviews and on written sources of the Viennese Youth Welfare it is investigated how foster children were kept and treated. The decision of the Viennese City Council to take them away from their parents is interpreted as a reaction on obviously poor practises of parental care and violence inside the families of origin. In the foster families, however, most of the foster children experienced living and working conditions not at all better, even worse. Experiences of discrimination and stigmatisation, social and sexual violence and hard labour left indelible marks on their lifes. The authors close by discussing the question of responsibility. First it is placed on the foster parents themselves, which had very poor living and cultural standards and tended to exploit foster children; second responsibility is placed on the Viennese Children Admittance Center (KÜST) who did not care for higher standards; third, it is placed to the local district system of youth welfare which failed in its duty to control the local circumstances, in which Viennese foster children were kept for many years.From the early 1950s to the 1970s the Viennese Youth Welfare took thousands of children out of their families of origin and placed them in foster families, mainly small peasant economies in a southern district of Burgenland and in a district of south-east Styria. Based on biographical narrative interviews and on written sources of the Viennese Youth Welfare it is investigated how foster children were kept and treated. The decision of the Viennese City Council to take them away from their parents is interpreted as a reaction on obviously poor practises of parental care and violence inside the families of origin. In the foster families, however, most of the foster children experienced living and working conditions not at all better, even worse. Experiences of discrimination and stigmatisation, social and sexual violence and hard labour left indelible marks on their lifes. The authors close by discussing the question of responsibility. First it is placed on the foster parents themselves, which had very poor living and cultural standards and tended to exploit foster children; second responsibility is placed on the Viennese Children Admittance Center (KÜST) who did not care for higher standards; third, it is placed to the local district system of youth welfare which failed in its duty to control the local circumstances, in which Viennese foster children were kept for many years

Complex patterns of local adaptation in teosinte

Populations of widely distributed species often encounter and adapt to specific environmental conditions. However, comprehensive characterization of the genetic basis of adaptation is demanding, requiring genome-wide genotype data, multiple sampled populations, and a good understanding of population structure. We have used environmental and high-density genotype data to describe the genetic basis of local adaptation in 21 populations of teosinte, the wild ancestor of maize. We found that altitude, dispersal events and admixture among subspecies formed a complex hierarchical genetic structure within teosinte. Patterns of linkage disequilibrium revealed four mega-base scale inversions that segregated among populations and had altitudinal clines. Based on patterns of differentiation and correlation with environmental variation, inversions and nongenic regions play an important role in local adaptation of teosinte. Further, we note that strongly differentiated individual populations can bias the identification of adaptive loci. The role of inversions in local adaptation has been predicted by theory and requires attention as genome-wide data become available for additional plant species. These results also suggest a potentially important role for noncoding variation, especially in large plant genomes in which the gene space represents a fraction of the entire genome

JunctionViewer: customizable annotation software for repeat-rich genomic regions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Repeat-rich regions such as centromeres receive less attention than their gene-rich euchromatic counterparts because the former are difficult to assemble and analyze. Our objectives were to 1) map all ten centromeres onto the maize genetic map and 2) characterize the sequence features of maize centromeres, each of which spans several megabases of highly repetitive DNA. Repetitive sequences can be mapped using special molecular markers that are based on PCR with primers designed from two unique "repeat junctions". Efficient screening of large amounts of maize genome sequence data for repeat junctions, as well as key centromere sequence features required the development of specific annotation software.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We developed JunctionViewer to automate the process of identifying and differentiating closely related centromere repeats and repeat junctions, and to generate graphical displays of these and other features within centromeric sequences. JunctionViewer generates NCBI BLAST, WU-BLAST, cross_match and MUMmer alignments, and displays the optimal alignments and additional annotation data as concise graphical representations that can be viewed directly through the graphical interface or as PostScript^®output.</p> <p>This software enabled us to quickly characterize millions of nucleotides of newly sequenced DNA ranging in size from single reads to assembled BACs and megabase-sized pseudochromosome regions. It expedited the process of generating repeat junction markers that were subsequently used to anchor all 10 centromeres to the maize map. It also enabled us to efficiently identify key features in large genomic regions, providing insight into the arrangement and evolution of maize centromeric DNA.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>JunctionViewer will be useful to scientists who wish to automatically generate concise graphical summaries of repeat sequences. It is particularly valuable for those needing to efficiently identify unique repeat junctions. The scalability and ability to customize homology search parameters for different classes of closely related repeat sequences make this software ideal for recurring annotation (e.g., genome projects that are in progress) of genomic regions that contain well-defined repeats, such as those in centromeres. Although originally customized for maize centromere sequence, we anticipate this software to facilitate the analysis of centromere and other repeat-rich regions in other organisms.</p