Wybrane determinanty sprawności świadczenia usług administracyjnych w urzędach administracji samorządowe

After the reform in January 1st, 1999 Polish public administration has been divided into three levels, with following basic units a community, a county and a voivodeship. These units of local self-government should provide public services for the locals but generally they fulfill their tasks below standard,an effect of which is considerable public dissatisfaction. The study undertakes to distinguish the prerequisites for the efficient realization of public services. The introduction contains a definition of public services and presents the concept of a system approach to self-government administration. It has been assumed that the improvement of the organization of self-government administration concerns two areas: the organizational structure and the administrative procedures relevant for the realization of public services. This approach enabled the author to distinguish the prerequisites for the efficient realization of public services, which were characterized in the consecutive part of the study. The conclusion presents the areas and methods for the improvement of the organization of self-government administration institutions

Nouveaux comportements des consommateurs en tant qu’effet des changements sociaux et économiques des villes divisées de la zone frontalière polono-allemande et polonotchèque

The end of the First World War saw a rebirth of the Polish state, but with indeterminate borders. As a result of a conflict between Poland and Czechoslovakia about Cieszyn Silesia, in February 1919 this area, including the town of Cieszyn, was temporarily divided (its part on the left bank of the Olza went to Czechoslovakia). Similarly, after the Second World War the new Polish-German border ran along the Lusatian Nysa and Oder rivers. Also in this case several split towns were created (including Görlitz-Zgorzelec, Gubin-Guben, and Frankfurt on the Oder – Słubice). Besides, despite the strong dividing /separating function of the border, some of the towns with border crossings started to expand towards the state border (e.g. Kudowa-Zdrój and Nachod). After the political transformation of the late 1980s and early ‘90s, split and border towns experienced significant changes in their demographic structures as well as in their economies and services. Thus, they started developing various complementary functions (especially shopping and some services) for the residents of the other side of the border. Demographic changes are most readily visible in the German parts of the split towns, in which shrinkage has accelerated after the unification of Germany. This process involves, among other things, a heavy outflow of inhabitants, primarily young and better educated, to western lands and a steep slump in the total fertility rate. Still, the most important changes observed in the split towns over the last two decades have been consumer behaviour patterns determined, among other things, by differences in prices in the neighbouring states. They involve frequent crossings of the state border to buy goods and services cheaper than in the home town. The chief places intended to serve consumers from the other side of the border are mostly bazaars (on the Polish side) and a network of specialised service facilities.En effet des changements des frontières dans la première moitié du XXe siècle tout près des frontières à l’ouest et au sud de la Pologne sept villes divisées ont apparu. Dans les années 1945–1989, les contacts économiques entres les villes situées de deux côtés de la frontière ont été difficiles. En se basant sur les recherches effectuées dans les années 1990–2010 on a constaté qu’à la suite des changements politiques de la fin des années 80 et du début des années 90 dans les villes divisées ont eu lieu les modifications importantes dans la structure démographique ainsi que dans l’économie et les services. Ces villes ont commencé, entre autres, à développer les différentes fonctions complémentaires (en particulier dans le domaine du commerce et dans certains services), adressées aux habitants de l’autre côté de la frontière

ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCES OF ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Abstract: Aim: The aim of the paper is to present the results of the pilot study in which a student opinion poll was used, within the scope of an attempt at identifying the entrepreneurial competences of students of a university of economics.Methodology: The survey was conducted in 2019 with the use of an inquiry form. The respondents, in the number of 88, constituted an unrepresentative group, because their choice was conditioned by the criterion of availability. The survey included second-year students of extramural undergraduate (bachelor's) studies, majoring in Accounting and Controlling at the Cracow University of Economics. Participation in the survey was voluntary.Conclusions: As a result of the conducted survey, the author ascertained that the surveyed  students are aware of the significance of entrepreneurial competences, both for the development of their career and in undertaking the role of entrepreneurs. The students can point to predispositions, qualities, skills or abilities necessary for activity within the scope of entrepreneurship.Implications/limitations: The conducted research allows the author to voice the need of and recognise in a "signalling" manner the question of identification of entrepreneurial competences among students of a university of economics.  The presented results have many limitations, which stem, above all, from the pilot character of the conducted survey and its limited scope (survey conducted among students of one university only, majoring in one field at extramural studies). Therefore, the results cannot be generalised and their analysis should have a critical character. As has been previously mentioned, the conducted research needs continuation towards its elaboration and basing it on a representative research sample.Originality / value: The present paper of research character constitutes an attempt at complementing the existing and relatively modest achievements on the Polish ground within the scope of identification of entrepreneurial competences. Keywords: students' entrepreneurial competences, pilot study, university of economics

Synthesis of 0.7BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3 ceramics : thermal, structural and AC impedance studies

In a present paper results of the process of synthesis and study of a perovskite-type solid solution of the chemical composition (1-x)BiFeO3–xBaTiO3 for x=0.3 are reported. Synthesis of 0.7BiFeO3–0.3BaTiO3 (BF–BT) ceramics was carried out according to the solid-phase reaction from the mixture of powders. Simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) and X-ray diffraction method were utilized to study the synthesis of BF–BT ceramics. On the basis of STA analysis the optimum conditions of the thermal treatment were found. BF–BT ceramics was studied in terms of its microstructure (SEM), chemical composition (EDS), crystalline structure (XRD), and dielectric properties (impedance spectroscopy) at room temperature. It was found that dense BF–BT ceramics with a cubic structure of Pm3m space group and desired stoichiometry ( 3%) was fabricated under technological conditions differing in both sintering temperature (T=750 C–850 C) and soaking time (t=2h-40h). It was found that an increase in sintering temperature for T=100 C made it possible to decrease the soaking time 10 times. Impedance spectroscopy was utilized for characterizing dynamical dielectric properties of 0.7BF–0.3BT ceramics. The alternative representation of impedance data in a form of complex plot (Z00 vs. Z0) as well as simultaneous Bode plots (imaginary parts of impedance Z00, admittance Y00, electric modulus M00 and tan versus frequency in a log-log scale) were used for preliminary visual analysis. Kramers-Kronig transform test was utilized for experimental data validation. To analyze the room temperature impedance spectroscopy data complex nonlinear least squares fitting method was used and the data were fitted to the corresponding equivalent circuit consisting of resistors and constant phase elements. Agreement between experimental and simulated data was established

Spatial changes of pilgrimage centers in pilgrimage studies : review and contribution to future research

Pilgrimages and pilgrimage centres are a subject of research often undertaken from the perspective of geographic sciences. Geographical research on pilgrimage movement and sanctuaries is important due to its focus on the spatial aspect. This article analyses the current state of research on pilgrimage centres. The main trends of the current studies include: the phenomenon of pilgrimage in terms of religion, society, culture and tourism; as well as its impact, including on the development of the settlement and; studies of pilgrimage centres, in particular their impact on space in various spatial and temporal scales, as well as; the conclusions drawn from them. These were all examined and discussed. For the first time, special attention was paid both to the research on the sanctuaries of the Roman Catholic church, their spatial organization and the changes taking place in them, and on the works discussing the managing of pilgrimage centres. In addition, the terminology applied to contemporary sacred places was discussed. In the conclusion, gaps in the existing state of knowledge and research questions that still await an answer, as well as directions set for the future research on pilgrimage centres from the perspective of tourism geography and the geography of religion are indicated

Spatial Changes of Pilgrimage Centers in Pilgrimage Studies – Review and Contribution to Future Research

Pilgrimages and pilgrimage centres are a subject of research often undertaken from the perspective of geographic sciences. Geographical research on pilgrimage movement and sanctuaries is important due to its focus on the spatial aspect. This article analyses the current state of research on pilgrimage centres. The main trends of the current studies include: the phenomenon of pilgrimage in terms of religion, society, culture and tourism; as well as its impact, including on the development of the settlement and; studies of pilgrimage centres, in particular their impact on space in various spatial and temporal scales, as well as; the conclusions drawn from them. These were all examined and discussed. For the first time, special attention was paid both to the research on the sanctuaries of the Roman Catholic church, their spatial organization and the changes taking place in them, and on the works discussing the managing of pilgrimage centres. In addition, the terminology applied to contemporary sacred places was discussed. In the conclusion, gaps in the existing state of knowledge and research questions that still await an answer, as well as directions set for the future research on pilgrimage centres from the perspective of tourism geography and the geography of religion are indicated

Localised capabilities as intermediating factors in the transition from the old to a new development path : the case of post-socialist industrial towns

There are debates in the research literature about the mechanisms responsible for the formation of local development trajectories. What is emphasized, as particularly scarce, are longitudinal studies which show how historical, social and institutional structures are reproduced and/or transformed into new paths of development in the case of industrial towns. This paper aims to capture the role of various social, cultural and institutional features that constitute localized capabilities, in the process of transition from an old to a new developmental path for older industrial towns. The authors use case studies of three medium-sized industrial centres in Poland: Dzierżoniów, Starachowice and Mielec, to illustrate how localized capabilities are shaped by the interplay of earlier economic activity and the characteristics of local firms, on the one hand, and the evolving social, cultural and institutional attributes of the particular town and its region on the other. As a result, industrial towns may differ significantly in their ability to absorb exogenous impulses, as well as their capacity to transform and recombine them into a new development pathway that is more resilient than the old one

Synteza, mikrostruktura i struktura krystaliczna ceramicznego tytanianu baru domieszkowanego lantanem

In the present study BaTiO3 and Ba1xLaxTiO3 (0.1-0.4mol.% La) ceramic powders were synthesized by the conventional mixed oxide method (MOM). The characterization of the ceramic powders was carried out using a simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), with a combined DTA/TG/DTG system (Netzsch STA409). The results of thermal analysis allowed to determine the optimal temperature of synthesis. Microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), crystalline structure was studied by X-ray diffraction method (XRD). The EDS investigations showed that samples exhibited conservation of stoichiometry according to the chemical composition formula. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed formation of the desired crystalline structure both pure and La3+-doped BaTiO3 ceramics exhibiting a perovskite-type structure ABO3 with tetragonal symmetry P4 mm

Metodyka PRI9CE 2 w zarządzaniu realizacją projektów

Prince 2 is a structured method for achieving effective project management that has been evolved in the UK and is currently widely used in both government and private sector at the world. At the beginning the key characteristics of evolution of PRINCE2 have been presented. In the main part of the article the has been produced of structure and main components of the PRINCE2 approach. The final part of the paper is focused on benefits and threats of the methodology utilization have been shown