In vitro UV absorption properties and radical scavenging capacity of Morella parvifolia (Benth.) Parra-Os. extracts

The goal of this research was to identify major compounds of the aerial parts of M. parvifolia (Benth.) Parra-Os., that could enhance its possible application as additive in dermocosmetic products, as well as evaluate the antioxidant properties. The extracts agreed with the broad-spectrum UVB/UVA absorption detected and could act as broad-spectrum sunscreens, covering the UVA and UVB range. Methanolic extracts showed an important antiradical capacity (0.46 and 0.47 g/µmol DPPH), TPC (37.58 and 51.41mg GAE/g DS) and TAC (1.12 and 3.31 mg C3GE/g DS) in fruits and leaves, respectively. M. parvifolia could be considered as a prospective source of natural UV-radiation absorbers with antioxidant capacity. Although the results have clearly demonstrated the potential photoprotection capacity, more studies are needed to enhance its application as an additive in pharmaceutical and medicinal formulations

A aceitação da diversidade em questão: experiências enriquecedoras e adversas na formação e na prática profissional precoce em psicologia

Faced with an ambiguous regulatory framework of professional practice in the country; and a practice of psychology in the context of a fuzzy professional identity and without clear boundaries with other professions, the importance of knowing crosscutting issues that concern the relationship with the other is relieved. This study explored the perception a group of students and novel psychologists about the training received and their first work experience, specifically in issues of interculturality and ethics; as well as on strengths and weaknesses of the training received. Eighteen individual interviews and two focus groups with 12 participants, from two state universities was conducted (N = 30). A intersubjectively categorical analysis was applied and four main categories emerged: context, positive, and adverse experiences in training, notion of interculturality, and suggestions for training in ethics and interculturality. We conclude on some challenges facing the formation of psychologists in Chile.Ante un marco regulador ambiguo del ejercicio profesional en el país y una praxis de la psicología en el contexto de una identidad profesional difusa y límites poco establecidos con otras profesiones, se releva la importancia de conocer temas transversales que refieren a la relación con el otro. En este estudio se indagó en la percepción de un grupo de estudiantes y psicólogos jóvenes acerca de la formación profesional recibida y sus primeras experiencias laborales, específicamente en temas de interculturalidad y ética; así como también sobre fortalezas y debilidades de la formación recibida. Se realizó 18 entrevistas individuales y dos grupos focales con 12 participantes de dos universidades estatales (N = 30). Se aplicó un análisis categorial intersubjetivamente, del cual emergieron cuatro categorías centrales: contexto, experiencias formadoras y adversas en la formación, noción de interculturalidad y sugerencias para la formación en ética e interculturalidad. Destaca en los resultados el relato de experiencias formadoras y de experiencias adversas en la formación recibida, así como una noción de interculturalidad centrada en situaciones concretas. Se concluye respecto de algunos desafíos que enfrenta la formación de psicólogos y psicólogas en Chile.Perante um marco regulador ambíguo do exercício profissional no país; e uma práxis da psicologia no contexto de uma identidade profissional difusa e limites pouco estabelecidos com outras profissões, é revelada a importância de conhecer temas transversais que se referem à relação com o outro. Neste estudo, indagou-se na percepção de um grupo de estudantes e psicológos/as jovens acerca da formação profissional recebida e suas primeiras experiências de trabalho, especificamente sobre questões de interculturalidade e ética; assim como os pontos fortes e fracos do formação recebida. Foram realizadas 18 entrevistas individuais e dois grupos focais com 12 participantes de duas universidades públicas (N = 30). Aplicou-se uma análise categórica intersubjetivamente, da qual emergiu quatro categorias principais: contexto, experiências formadoras e adversas na formação, noção de interculturalidade e sugestões para a formação em ética e interculturalidade. Destaca-se nos resultados o relato de experiências formadoras e experiências adversas na formação recebida; bem como uma noção de interculturalidade, centrada em situações concretas. Conclui-se a respeito a alguns desafios que enfrenta a formação de psicólogos e psicólogas no Chile

DESAFIOS E ESTRATÉGIAS NA FORMAÇÃO DE LEITORES NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL

A presente pesquisa tem por objeto de estudo o tema “Desafios e estratégias na Formação de leitores nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, assunto este que desafia a compreensão dos profissionais e especialistas da área. Busca-se por meio desse estudo, investigar as estratégias e desafios para que o aluno se torne um leitor fazendo da leitura um ato capaz de contribuir na construção do seu aprendizado. Dessa forma, o estudo apresentou a concepção e  a importância da leitura. Assim também como a leitura e a escola, além de uma investigação do papel do professor enquanto mediador, e quais as estratégias para formar um aluno leitor. Na metodologia utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica. tendo como base a análise de documentos, artigos, obras e revistas. A realização da pesquisa possibilitou afirmar que são muitos os desafios enfrentados para formar um aluno leitor, mas que com a mediação e a colaboração da escola é possível fazer da leitura um ato praticado sem obrigação, mas com o objetivo de construção de conhecimento. Para dar subsídios e embasamento teórico, a discussão conta com autores como: Abramovich (1993), Cagliari(1993), Coelho(2000), Curto(2000), Frantz (1997), Lajolo (2002), Lerner (2006), Solé (1998 ) entre outros que contribuíram para a construção de conhecimentos relativos a área de pesquisa

Enhancing impact: visualization of an integrated impact assessment strategy

The environmental impact assessment process is over 40 years old and has dramatically expanded. Topics, such as social, health and human rights impact are now included. The main body of an impact analysis is generally hundreds of pages long and supported by countless technical appendices. For large, oil/gas, mining and water resources projects both the volume and technical sophistication of the reports has far exceeded the processing ability of host communities. Instead of informing and empowering, the reports are abstruse and overwhelming. Reinvention is required. The development of a visual integrated impact assessment strategy that utilizes remote sensing and spatial analyses is describe

ÉTICA Y GÉNERO EN LA OBRA DE PIONEROS Y PIONERAS DE LA PSICOLOGÍA EN ESTADOS UNIDOS DE NORTEAMÉRICA Y CHILE

Presentamos los resultados de una investigación que indaga la presencia de contenidos de género y de ética en la obra de 12 pioneros/as de la psicología, estadounidenses y chilenos: William James, Stanley Hall, James Baldwin, Mary Calkins, Margaret Washburn, Helen Thompson, Hernán Larraín, Salvador Cifuentes, Sergio Yulis, Lola Hoffmann, Héliettè Saint Jean y Leyla Holmberg. Confirmamos la hipótesis central que postula la prevalencia de una ética de la justicia en los varones y de una ética del cuidado en las mujeres, para el caso estadounidense; y se rechaza para el caso chileno. Características del desarrollo de la disciplina, así como elementos del contexto sociohistórico en cada país, más que el género de los autores, parecieran influir en el abordaje de las dimensiones estudiadas

Del discurso a las prácticas: Políticas sociales y psicología comunitaria en Chile

En este trabajo se aborda descriptivamente las dimensiones ética y política de la Psicología Comunitaria (PC) en la política social chilena a partir de un estudio cualitativo que contempló tres fases progresivas de estudio: (1) Confección de un catastro de la oferta de programas comunitarios (PCo) vigentes en los sitios web de diez Ministerios (N= 101); (2) Análisis descriptivo de las orientaciones y prácticas implementadas en PCo cercanos a los principios ético-políticos de la PC; y (3) Estudio de caso de tres PCo ejecutados en la Región de Valparaíso y Metropolitana. Los resultados muestran una escasa convergencia entre los principios y valores ético-políticos de la PC y los fundamentos y prácticas implementadas en los PCo examinados, mientras que a nivel metodológico existe mayor cercanía con modelos y estrategias propias de la disciplina. Se concluye que la incidencia de la PC chilena en las políticas sociales se limita sólo al plano técnico-metodológico, excluyendo sus principios orientadores.In this work we address through a descriptive approach the ethical and political dimensions of Community Psychology (CP) in Chilean social policy, starting from a qualitative study which implied three progressive phases: (1) Confection of a cadastre on the offer of Community Programs (CPr) currently available on websites of ten Ministries (N = 101); (2) Descriptive analysis of the orientations and practices implemented in CPr close to ethical-political principles of CP; and (3) Case study of three CPr executed in the Valparaiso and Metropolitan regions. The results show a poor convergence between the principles and ethical-political values of CP and the foundations and practices implemented in examined PCr, while at methodological level exists greater closeness models and strategies proper to the discipline. It is concluded that the incidence of Chilean’s CP in social policies is limited only to technical-methodological level, excluding its guiding principles.Este trabalho trata descritivamente as dimensões éticas e políticas da Psicologia Comunitária (PC) na política social chilena mediante um estudo qualitativo que analisou três fases progressivas de estudo: (1) Elaboração de um inventário da oferta de programas comunitários (PCo) existentes em sites de dez Ministérios (N = 101); (2) A análise descritiva das orientações e práticas implementadas em PCo próximos dos princípios éticos e políticos da PC; e (3) Estudo de caso de três PCo executados na região de Valparaíso e Metropolitana. Os resultados mostram pouca convergência entre os princípios e valores ético-políticos da PC e os fundamentos e práticas implementadas nos PCo examinados, enquanto que em nível metodológico existe maior aproximação com modelos e estratégias próprias da disciplina. Conclui-se que a incidência da PC chilena nas políticas sociais limita-se apenas ao nível técnico e metodológico, excluindo seus princípios orientadores

Verkehr in Zahlen 2021/2022

Verkehr in Zahlen (ViZ) ist seit knapp 50 Jahren das Standardwerk zur Verkehrsstatistik in Deutschland. Das Kompendium enthält auf über 300 Seiten aktuelle Zahlen und Zeitreihen zu allen Themen aus den Bereichen Mobilität und Verkehr

Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly using more sensitive cardiac troponin assays

Aims To examine the diagnostic accuracy of sensitive cardiac troponin (cTn) assays in elderly patients, since elevated levels with sensitive cTn assays were reported in 20% of elderly patients without acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and results In this multi-centre study, we included 1098 consecutive patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of AMI, 406 (37%) were >70 years old. Measurement of three investigational sensitive cTn assays [Roche high-sensitive cTnT (hs-cTnT), Siemens cTnI-Ultra, and Abbott-Architect cTnI) and the standard assay (Roche cTnT) was performed in a blinded fashion. The final diagnosis was adjudicated by two independent cardiologists. Acute myocardial infarction was the adjudicated final diagnosis in 24% of elderly patients. Among elderly patients without AMI, baseline cTn levels were elevated above the 99th percentile in 51% with Roche hs-cTnT, in 17% with Siemens TnI-Ultra, and 13% with Abbott-Architect cTnI. The diagnostic accuracy as quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was significantly greater for the sensitive cTn assays compared with the standard assay (AUC for Roche hs-cTnT, 0.94; Siemens cTnI-Ultra, 0.95; and Abbott-Architect cTnI, 0.95 vs. AUC for the standard assay, 0.90; P < 0.05 for comparisons). The best cut-offs for the sensitive cTn-assays determined by the ROC-curve in elderly patients differed clearly from those in younger patients. Furthermore, the prognostic value regarding 90-day mortality varied among the sensitive cTn assays. Conclusion Sensitive cTn assays have high diagnostic accuracy also in the elderly. Mild elevations are common in elderly non-AMI patients, therefore the optimal cut-off levels are substantially higher in elderly as compared with younger patients. Furthermore, sensitive cTn assays yielded different prognostic value (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00470587

Literatur-Rundschau

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Prefrontal gamma oscillations reflect ongoing pain intensity in chronic back pain patients

Chronic pain is a major health care issue characterized by ongoing pain and a variety of sensory, cognitive, and affective abnormalities. The neural basis of chronic pain is still not completely understood. Previous work has implicated prefrontal brain areas in chronic pain. Furthermore, prefrontal neuronal oscillations at gamma frequencies (60–90 Hz) have been shown to reflect the perceived intensity of longer lasting experimental pain in healthy human participants. In contrast, noxious stimulus intensity has been related to alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (14–29 Hz) oscillations in sensorimotor areas. However, it is not fully understood how the intensity of ongoing pain as the key symptom of chronic pain is represented in the human brain. Here, we asked 31 chronic back pain patients to continuously rate their ongoing pain while simultaneously recording electroencephalography (EEG). Time–frequency analyses revealed a positive association between ongoing pain intensity and prefrontal beta and gamma oscillations. No association was found between pain and alpha or beta oscillations in sensorimotor areas. These findings indicate that ongoing pain as the key symptom of chronic pain is reflected by neuronal oscillations implicated in the subjective perception of longer lasting pain rather than by neuronal oscillations related to the processing of objective nociceptive input. The findings, thus, support a dissociation of pain intensity from nociceptive processing in chronic back pain patients. Furthermore, although possible confounds by muscle activity have to be taken into account, they might be useful for defining a neurophysiological marker of ongoing pain in the human brain