The Nicaraguan Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, HDSS-Leon: a platform for public health research.

AIM: To describe the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in León, Nicaragua and to present results from the 2002-2003 baseline. DESIGN AND METHODS: A 22% sample of the total population in León, both urban and rural, was selected in 1993. This sample was updated in 2002 and will be followed up on a biannual basis with regard to births, deaths, in-migration, and out-migration. A group of 18 female fieldworkers perform 10 household interviews per day, 20 days per month. They use a map that is produced by a Geographical Information System. It shows all the households, and is the main means of the interviewers finding the households. An extensive data quality control system is used. RESULTS: In total, 54,647 persons lived in the area of the surveillance system, and they resided in 10,994 households. The mean age was 26 years; the sex ratio was 0.93. The infant and neonatal mortality rates were 25.4 and 20.5 per 1,000 live births, respectively. In total, 2,034 people out-migrated from the study area and 3,377 in-migrated. Of the households, 53% were classified as non-poor, 41% as poor, and 6% as extremely poor. Six per cent of the population did not have a toilet or a latrine, and only 16% in the rural area had indoor running water. The surveillance system revealed that 10% were illiterate. CONCLUSIONS: The HDSS in León has shown that it can serve as a platform for further intervention studies as well as for research training

Aproximación a la justicia transicional en Colombia a la luz de Juan 7, 53 - 8, 11.

En el presente trabajo se busca determinar cuáles son los aportes que, desde las Ciencias Bíblicas, se pueden ofrecer al ejercicio de la justicia transicional en Colombia, teniendo como referente el caso de Pueblo Bello (Antioquia) y el análisis del texto bíblico Jn 7,53-8,11. La justicia transicional en Colombia define que a través del derecho a la verdad, a la justicia y a la reparación, pueden encontrarse los primeros pasos para el establecimiento de la paz. Esta clave de comprensión se oscurece cuando se observa en la realidad que la aplicación de tales derechos no ha sido conforme a lo que teóricamente se ha establecido. La justicia transicional se convierte en una justicia alternativa que brinda las herramientas necesarias para salir de una situación de conflicto y establecer una paz duradera. Este camino que no es fácil de recorrer, encuentra en la perícopa de Jn 7,53-8,11 unos caminos de acción que sugieren una manera distinta de comprender los derechos que la justicia proclama y que hay que defender para alcanzar la paz. Este ejercicio de acercamiento a la realidad se desarrolló desde el enfoque praxeológico, trabajado en sus cuatro momentos, con los siguientes pasos metodológicos: revisión documental, análisis de textos, estudio exegético de la perícopa y análisis de la realidad

Emprendimiento social sostenible en desarrollo del sector porcicultura orgánica.

En la ciudad de Cartagena de indias, se identifica una problemática, sobre los desperdicios de alimentos generados en la plaza del mercado Bazurto, para contribuir a disminución de los desechos de alimentos, que se generan en el mercado de Bazurto, se proponer realizar un Emprendimiento Social Sostenible en desarrollo del sector Porcicultura Orgánica. Esto se da con el fin de que los desechos puedan ser reutilizados la alimentación de los cerdos, lo cual traerá un gran impacto social el proyecto a la población, ya que se busca mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas y también ayudar al medio ambiente. Según El Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP), realizó un estudio cuyos resultados son más que preocupantes: en Colombia se pierden o desperdician 9,76 millones de toneladas que se pierden o desperdician en el país, el 40,5% (Portafolio, 2016).In the city of Cartagena de Indias, a problem is identified, regarding the food waste generated in the Bazurto market square, to contribute to the reduction of food waste, which is generated in the Bazurto market, it is proposed to carry out an Entrepreneurship Sustainable Social Development of the Organic Pig sector. This is done so that the waste can be reused in the feeding of the pigs, which will bring a great social impact to the project to the population, since it seeks to improve the quality of life of people and also help the environment . According to the National Planning Department (DNP), it carried out a study whose results are more than worrying: in Colombia 9.76 million tons are lost or wasted that are lost or wasted in the country, 40.5% (Portafolio, 2016 )

Food insecurity and self-rated health in rural Nicaraguan women of reproductive age: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Access to food is a basic necessity, and food insecurity may impair the individual's well-being and health. Self-rated health measurements have frequently been used to assess population health. Little is known, however, as to whether food security is associated with self-rated health in low- and middle-income settings. This study aims at analyzing the association between food security and self-rated health among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in a rural Nicaraguan setting. METHODS: Data was taken from the 2014 update of a health and demographic surveillance system in the municipalities of Los Cuatro Santos in northwestern Nicaragua. Fieldworkers interviewed women about their self-rated health using a 5-point Likert scale. Food insecurity was assessed by the household food insecurity access (HFIAS) scale. A multilevel Poisson random-intercept model was used to calculate the prevalence ratio. RESULTS: The survey included 5866 women. In total, 89% were food insecure, and 48% had poor self-rated health. Food insecurity was associated with poor self-rated health, and remained so after adjustment for potential confounders and accounting for community dependency. CONCLUSION: In this Nicaraguan resource-limited setting, there was an association between food insecurity and poor self-rated health. Food insecurity is a facet of poverty and measures an important missing capability directly related to health

Uso de servidor Zentyal como proveedor de servicios de seguridad para la infraestructura de redes

Este informe comprende el desarrollo de implementación de servicios específicos solicitados como la creación de servidores DHCP, DNS, File y Print y el establecimiento de Controladores de Dominio, como también la definición de Proxy no transparente, reglas para el Firewall y Servicio de VPN definidos por requerimientos en función a una migración de servicios establecidos bajo el uso del sistema operativo Zentyal, basado en GNU/Linux, todo el desarrollo se basó en su versión 6.2.This report includes the development of the implementation of specific requested services such as the creation of DHCP, DNS, File and Print servers and the establishment of Domain Controllers, as well as the definition of non-transparent Proxy, rules for the Firewall and VPN Service defined by requirements based on a migration of services established under the use of the Zentyal operating system, based on GNU/Linux, all development was based on its version 6.2

Clinical exigencies, psychosocial realities: negotiating HIV preâ exposure prophylaxis beyond the cascade among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Canada

IntroductionNotwithstanding the efficacy of oral preâ exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in clinical trials, a number of obstacles exist to achieving populationâ level impact among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM). However, few studies have explored the subjective experiences of GBM PrEP users and nonâ users in the community, outside of clinical trials. The objectives of this study were to explore GBM’s experiences of considering, accessing and using (or not using) PrEP, and to understand emerging sexual health, social and community issues among GBM in the PrEP era.MethodsFrom October 2015 to March 2016, we purposively sampled PrEPâ naïve and PrEPâ experienced GBM from community organizations and health centres in Toronto, Canada. Inâ depth, 45â to 90â minute semiâ structured interviews explored PrEP perspectives and decisionâ making, access, initiation, use over time, sexual practices and psychosocial considerations. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, uploaded into NVIVO, reviewed using thematic analysis and then contrasted with the PrEP cascade.ResultsParticipants included PrEP users (n = 15) and nonâ users (n = 14) (mean age = 36.7 years; SD = 8.2), largely gayâ identified (86.2%), cisgender male (89.7%) and white (79.3%). Themes indicate not only correspondences, but also limitations of the PrEP cascade by complicating a user/nonâ user binary and challenging the unilateral presupposition that HIV risk perception leads to PrEP acceptance. Findings further call into question assumptions of a linear stage progression and retention in care as a universal endpoint, instead revealing alternate trajectories of seasonal or intermittent PrEP use and, for some, an end goal of terminating PrEP. GBM’s narratives also revealed potent psychological/affective experiences of untethering sex from HIV anxiety; multifaceted PrEP stigma; and challenges to sexual norms and practices that complicate existing behavioural prevention strategies and sexual and social relationships.ConclusionsAn expanded PrEP cascade should consider alternate trajectories of use based on dynamic relationships and behavioural risks that may call for seasonal or intermittent use; systemic barriers in access to and sustaining PrEP; and multiple end goals including PrEP maintenance and discontinuation. Incorporating GBM’s lived experiences, evolving preferences, and psychosocial and communityâ level challenges into PrEP implementation models, rather than a circumscribed biomedical approach, may more effectively support HIV prevention and GBM’s broader sexual and psychological health.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146595/1/jia225211_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146595/2/jia225211.pd

Responsables de la Casa Común. Reflexiones sobre la encíclica papal Laudato si´.

La encíclica papal Laudato si’ es un documento de obligatoria reflexión para una institución como UNIMINUTO, por diferentes razones. Por un lado, por la sintonía con el proyecto educativo, en donde se ha definido como meta institucional: formar para el desarrollo humano y social integral, buscando abordar ese desarrollo desde otras miradas “en una perspectiva de asumir la diversidad, la diferencia y la complejidad de la vida y que propugna por emprender los caminos del bio-desarrollo, como búsqueda integral del buen vivir”. Ahora bien, esta noción de desarrollo asume y promueve al ser humano como principio y fin de todas las acciones, y propende por la preservación de todas las formas de vida, de manera que UNIMINUTO asume la relación entre pobladores, territorios, instituciones y recursos como básica para la perspectiva de un desarrollo en armonía con la naturaleza

Responsables de la Casa Común. Reflexiones sobre la encíclica papal Laudato si´.

La encíclica papal Laudato si’ es un documento de obligatoria reflexión para una institución como UNIMINUTO, por diferentes razones. Por un lado, por la sintonía con el proyecto educativo, en donde se ha definido como meta institucional: formar para el desarrollo humano y social integral, buscando abordar ese desarrollo desde otras miradas “en una perspectiva de asumir la diversidad, la diferencia y la complejidad de la vida y que propugna por emprender los caminos del bio-desarrollo, como búsqueda integral del buen vivir”. Ahora bien, esta noción de desarrollo asume y promueve al ser humano como principio y fin de todas las acciones, y propende por la preservación de todas las formas de vida, de manera que UNIMINUTO asume la relación entre pobladores, territorios, instituciones y recursos como básica para la perspectiva de un desarrollo en armonía con la naturaleza

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated to Mycobacterium bovis in Wild Artiodactyl Species from Southern Spain, 2006–2010

The control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is at a critical point in the last stage of eradication in livestock. Wildlife species recently have emerged infected with TB in Europe, particularly ungulates in the Iberian Peninsula. Epidemiological information regarding TB in wild ungulates including affected species, prevalence, associated risk factors and appropriate diagnostic methods need to be obtained in these countries