On the Challenges of Deploying Privacy-Preserving Synthetic Data in the Enterprise

Generative AI technologies are gaining unprecedented popularity, causing a mix of excitement and apprehension through their remarkable capabilities. In this paper, we study the challenges associated with deploying synthetic data, a subfield of Generative AI. Our focus centers on enterprise deployment, with an emphasis on privacy concerns caused by the vast amount of personal and highly sensitive data. We identify 40+ challenges and systematize them into five main groups -- i) generation, ii) infrastructure & architecture, iii) governance, iv) compliance & regulation, and v) adoption. Additionally, we discuss a strategic and systematic approach that enterprises can employ to effectively address the challenges and achieve their goals by establishing trust in the implemented solutions.Comment: Accepted to the 1st Workshop on Challenges in Deployable Generative AI, part of ICML 202

The Galactic Center Black Hole Laboratory

The super-massive 4 million solar mass black hole Sagittarius~A* (SgrA*) shows flare emission from the millimeter to the X-ray domain. A detailed analysis of the infrared light curves allows us to address the accretion phenomenon in a statistical way. The analysis shows that the near-infrared flare amplitudes are dominated by a single state power law, with the low states in SgrA* limited by confusion through the unresolved stellar background. There are several dusty objects in the immediate vicinity of SgrA*. The source G2/DSO is one of them. Its nature is unclear. It may be comparable to similar stellar dusty sources in the region or may consist predominantly of gas and dust. In this case a particularly enhanced accretion activity onto SgrA* may be expected in the near future. Here the interpretation of recent data and ongoing observations are discussed.Comment: 30 pages - 7 figures - accepted for publication by Springer's "Fundamental Theories of Physics" series; summarizing GC contributions of 2 conferences: 'Equations of Motion in Relativistic Gravity' at the Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, Bad Honnef, Germany, (Feb. 17-23, 2013) and the COST MP0905 'The Galactic Center Black Hole Laboratory' Granada, Spain (Nov. 19 - 22, 2013

Searching for VHE gamma-ray emission associated with IceCube neutrino alerts using FACT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS

The realtime follow-up of neutrino events is a promising approach to searchfor astrophysical neutrino sources. It has so far provided compelling evidencefor a neutrino point source: the flaring gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 observedin coincidence with the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A detected byIceCube. The detection of very-high-energy gamma rays (VHE, $\mathrm{E} >100\,\mathrm{GeV}$) from this source helped establish the coincidence andconstrained the modeling of the blazar emission at the time of the IceCubeevent. The four major imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope arrays (IACTs) -FACT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS - operate an active follow-up program oftarget-of-opportunity observations of neutrino alerts sent by IceCube. Thisprogram has two main components. One are the observations of known gamma-raysources around which a cluster of candidate neutrino events has been identifiedby IceCube (Gamma-ray Follow-Up, GFU). Second one is the follow-up of singlehigh-energy neutrino candidate events of potential astrophysical origin such asIceCube-170922A. GFU has been recently upgraded by IceCube in collaborationwith the IACT groups. We present here recent results from the IACT follow-upprograms of IceCube neutrino alerts and a description of the upgraded IceCubeGFU system.<br

Assessment of a novel development policy for the control of phosphorus losses from private sewage systems to the Loch Leven catchment, Scotland, UK

Legislation to control nutrient enrichment of inland waters has been developed and implemented across local, regional and international scales. In the EU, measures must be identified to ensure that all inland water bodies meet ecological guidelines as set by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) by 2015 or 2027. However increasing demand for rural development, associated with projected population increase, confound existing nutrient management approaches. Here we assess the efficacy of a rural development policy that was designed to ensure that the private sewage systems (PSS) of new developments do not increase the phosphorus (P) load to the environment within a lake catchment. In outline this policy involves mitigating 125% of the calculated P output of a development by modifying an existing, third party PSS. The assumption that PSS discharge a hierarchal reduction in P output with increasing treatment level (i.e. primary treatment (10 mg l−1) > secondary treatment (5 mg l−1) > tertiary treatment (2 mg l−1)) lies at the core of this policy. This study assesses the effectiveness of the policy instrument in achieving a reduction in nutrient discharge from PSS to the catchment. To do this, seven PSS (four with primary, one with secondary and two with tertiary treatment) were monitored over a four-month period to provide a range of P discharge concentrations across treatment types. These data were used to assess the potential impact of future rural development on P losses to the catchment using the expected, and the hypothetical, population increase rate of 1.3% yr−1 over a 90 year projection. No significant differences in TP discharge concentration were observed among PSS or treatment levels of PSS sampled. To ensure this policy meets its aim, improvement in technology and management of PSS along with alternative mitigation measures are required