2,662 research outputs found
Model development for the prediction of intake and carcass measures to be used as economic marketing determinants for calf-fed steers
Accurate prediction of intake and carcass characteristics can assist in projecting input costs and potential premiums when cattle are sold at optimum finishing so net profit/loss can be anticipated. Currently published DMI prediction equations and dietary NE values are based off of data collected over 50 years ago and have been shown to inaccurately predict intake compared to a prediction equation based of off performance data. Calculating dietary NE values from performance data increased precision and accuracy of prediction. Additionally, prediction accuracy was increased for diets containing ethanol byproducts. Since ethanol byproducts have been shown to have 110 to 140% the feeding value of corn, the improvement in predicting intake illustrated the need for research to more accurately defining feedstuff energy values via performance data and using that information to derive new intake prediction equations. Even so, predicting optimum endpoint for the producer can be the most economically beneficial prediction since carcasses are awarded premiums for high cutability and high quality grades. It has been found that predicting marbling score by measuring backfat and BW over the feeding period seems to be the most viable and accurate compared to other model combinations of backfat, BW and DMI. However, backfat and BW are not synonymous with marbling score and therefore, bias increases at the end of the feeding period. Still, the economic advantage may be given to feeding the animal longer as a greater return was found for projections of animals fed past the 1.2 cm optimum backfat. Since carcass gain can be up to 90% of total gain at the end of the feeding period, it is beneficial for the producer to feed cattle longer as the cost of gain is spread over more carcass weight. The resulting paradigm shift to feeding cattle what is deemed past industry optimum will lead to greater carcass weights, higher quality grades, and ultimately greater premiums for the producer.
Advisors: Larry L. Berger and Galen E. Erickso
Nonsequential Double Recombination in Intense Laser Fields
A second plateau in the harmonic spectra of laser-driven two-electron atoms
is observed both in the numerical solution of a low-dimensional model helium
atom and using an extended strong field approximation. It is shown that the
harmonics well beyond the usual cut-off are due to the simultaneous
recombination of the two electrons, which were emitted during different,
previous half-cycles. The new cut-off is explained in terms of classical
trajectories. Classical predictions and the time-frequency analysis of the ab
initio quantum results are in excellent agreement. The mechanism corresponds to
the inverse single photon double ionization process in the presence of a (low
frequency) laser field.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, v2 with an extended strong field approximation
treatment of the process; instead, v1 describes an attosecond control scheme
to enhance the proces
Adiabatic Approximation of the Correlation Function in the Density-Functional Treatment of Ionization Processes
The ionization of a one-dimensional model Helium atom in short laser pulses using time-dependent density functional theory is investigated. We calculate ionization probabilities as a function of laser intensity by approximating the correlation function of the system adiabatically with an explicit dependence on the fractional number of bound electrons. For the correlation potential we take the derivative discontinuity at integer numbers of bound electrons explicitly into account. This approach reproduces ionization probabilities from the solution of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation, in particular the so-called "knee" due to nonsequential ionization
Momentum distributions in time-dependent density functional theory: Product phase approximation for non-sequential double ionization in strong laser fields
We investigate the possibility to deduce momentum space properties from
time-dependent density functional calculations. Electron and ion momentum
distributions after double ionization of a model Helium atom in a strong
few-cycle laser pulse are studied. We show that, in this case, the choice of
suitable functionals for the observables is considerably more important than
the choice of the correlation potential in the time-dependent Kohn-Sham
equations. By comparison with the solution of the time-dependent Schroedinger
equation, the insufficiency of functionals neglecting electron correlation is
demonstrated. We construct a functional of the Kohn-Sham orbitals, which in
principle yields the exact momentum distributions of the electrons and the ion.
The product-phase approximation is introduced, which reduces the problem of
approximating this functional significantly.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX
Impurity-assisted Andreev reflection at a spin-active half-metal-superconductor interface
The Andreev reflection amplitude at a clean interface between a half-metallic
ferromagnet (H) and a superconductor (S) for which the half metal's
magnetization has a gradient perpendicular to the interface is proportional to
the excitation energy and vanishes at [B\'{e}ri
{\em et al.}, Phys.\ Rev.\ B {\bf 79}, 024517 (2009)]. Here we show that the
presence of impurities at or in the immediate vicinity of the HS interface
leads to a finite Andreev reflection amplitude at . This
impurity-assisted Andreev reflection dominates the low-bias conductance of a HS
junction and the Josephson current of an SHS junction in the long-junction
limit.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure
Evaluation of 0 or 300 mg of OptaflexxÂŽ on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Steers Fed to Different Degrees of Finish
A feedlot study evaluated the effects of ractopamine hydrochloride (OptaflexxÂŽ) dosage (0 or 300 mg/steer daily) and days on feed (118, 139, 160, 174 DOF) as a 2 Ă 3 + 1 factorial (steers fed 174 d were not fed Optaflexx) on performance of big yearlings. No interaction was observed between Optaflexx and days on feed. Feeding Optaflexx improved live final BW, carcass- adjusted ADG, carcass- adjusted feed conversion, and calculated yield grade. Increasing days on feed linearly increased live final BW, carcass-adjusted feed conversion, HCW, dressing percent, and marbling score but not ADG. Furthermore, a quadratic increase in LM area, 12th rib fat, and calculated yield grade was observed with days on feed. The response in added carcass weight due to feeding Optaflexx is the same with different lengths of time cattle are fed, and for large yearlings placed on feed
Comparison of TitaniumÂŽ 5 PH- M versus TitaniumÂŽ 5 plus NUPLURAÂŽ PH with the Presence or Absence of Monensin on Health and Performance of Newly Received Feedlot Calves Fed RAMPÂŽ
A receiving study was conducted to evaluate the effects of RAMPÂŽ with RumensinÂŽ concentration (0 or 25.0 g/ton) given with one of two viral vaccinations (TitaniumÂŽ 5 PH- M or TitaniumÂŽ 5 plus NUPLURAÂŽ PH) on steer growth performance and morbidity. There were no significant vaccine by diet interactions observed. Neither vaccine treatment nor RumensinÂŽ level affected intake, gain, or feed conversion. Vaccine type did not affect first pull (P = 0.19) or second pull morbidity rates (P = 0.52). These findings suggest that neither vaccine type nor RumensinÂŽ concentration had any effect on steer growth performance or morbidity rate
Valine Pyrrolidide Preserves Intact Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide and Improves Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in Minipigs With Reduced β-Cell Mass
The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)
are important in blood glucose regulation.However, both incretin
hormones are rapidly degraded by the enzyme dipeptidyl
peptidase IV (DPPIV). The concept of DPPIV inhibition
as a treatment for type 2 diabetes was evaluated in a new
large animal model of insulin-deficient diabetes and reduced
β-cell mass, the nicotinamide (NIA) (67 mg/kg) and streptozotocin
(STZ) (125 mg/kg)âtreated minipig, using the
DPPIV inhibitor, valine pyrrolidide (VP) (50 mg/kg).VP did
not significantly affect levels of intact GLP-1 but increased
levels of intact GIP (from 4543 Âą 1880 to 9208 Âą 3267 pM
Ă min; P<.01), thus improving glucose tolerance (area under
the curve [AUC] for glucose reduced from 1904 Âą 480 to
1582 Âą 353 mM Ă min;P = .05).VP did not increase insulin
levels during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) but increased
the insulinogenic index in normal animals (from 83 Âą 42 to 192 Âą 108; P < .05), but not after NIA + STZ,
possibly because of less residual insulin secretory capacity
in these animals. GIP seems to contribute to the antihyperglycemic
effect of VP in this model; however, additional
mechanisms for the effect of DPPIV inhibition cannot be
excluded. The authors conclude that DPPIV inhibitors may
be useful to treat type 2 diabetes, even when this is due to
reduced β-cell mass
On the origin of high m magnetospheric waves
A survey of Advanced Rio-Imaging Experiment in Scandinavia data reveals evidence for a previously overlooked generation mechanism of high azimuthal wave number magnetospheric waves. Here we present observations of pulsating cosmic noise absorption with azimuthal wave numbers as high as 380, suggestive of precipitation modulation by magnetospheric waves. Dispersion relations of the small-scale precipitation pulsations are indicative of the proposed origin. Previous studies of magnetospheric waves, together with data from the Charge And Mass Magnetospheric Ion Composition Experiment (Magnetospheric Ion Composition Sensor) instrument aboard the Polar spacecraft, provide support for the theory
Apneusis responding to buspirone in multiple sclerosis
Apneusis is a disturbance of respiratory rhythm characterized by severely prolonged inspiratory effort, and is caused by bilateral lesions in the dorsal pons. In humans it is most commonly caused by pontine infarction and has rarely been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we report on a patient with MS who developed episodic apneusis which responded to treatment with buspirone, a serotonin type 1A receptor agonist
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