Prevalence, New Incidence, Course, and Risk Factors of PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, and Panic Disorder during the Covid-19 Pandemic in 11 Countries

We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety and panic disorder (PD) among citizens in 11 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored risks and protective factors most associated with the development of these mental health disorders and their course at 68 days follow up. We acquired 9543 unique responses via an online survey that was disseminated in UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, India, Latvia, Poland, Romania, and Sweden. The prevalence and new incidence during the pandemic for at least one disorder was 48.6% and 17.6%, with the new incidence of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and panic disorder being 11.4%, 8.4%, 9.3% and 3%, respectively. Higher resilience was associated with lower mental health burden for all disorders. Ten to thirteen associated factors explained 79% of the variance in PTSD, 80% in anxiety, 78% in depression, and 89% in PD. To reduce the mental health burden, governments should refrain from implementing many highly restrictive and lasting containment measures. Public health campaigns should focus their effort on alleviating stress and fear, promoting resilience, building public trust in government and medical care, and persuading the population of the measures’ effectiveness. Psychosocial services and resources should be allocated to facilitate individual and community-level recovery from the pandemic

Perceived Effectiveness, Restrictiveness, and Compliance with Containment Measures against the Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Comparative Study in 11 Countries

National governments took action to delay the transmission of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by implementing different containment measures. We developed an online survey that included 44 different containment measures. We aimed to assess how effective citizens perceive these measures, which measures are perceived as violation of citizens' personal freedoms, which opinions and demographic factors have an effect on compliance with the measures, and what governments can do to most effectively improve citizens' compliance. The survey was disseminated in 11 countries: UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, India, Latvia, Poland, Romania, and Sweden. We acquired 9543 unique responses. Our findings show significant differences across countries in perceived effectiveness, restrictiveness, and compliance. Governments that suffer low levels of trust should put more effort into persuading citizens, especially men, in the effectiveness of the proposed measures. They should provide financial compensation to citizens who have lost their job or income due to the containment measures to improve measure compliance. Policymakers should implement the least restrictive and most effective public health measures first during pandemic emergencies instead of implementing a combination of many restrictive measures, which has the opposite effect on citizens' adherence and undermines human rights

International variations in mental-health law regulating involuntary commitment of psychiatric patients as measured by the Mental Health Legislation Attitudes Scale

Previous research illustrated that the laws regulating involuntary placement and treatment of people with mental-health problems are diverse across countries. International studies comparing satisfaction levels between countries are rare. We compared the opinions of professionals and family members about the operation of the national mental-health law regulating forcibly admission and treatment of psychiatric patients in 11 countries: Ireland, Iceland, England and Wales, Romania, Slovenia, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Norway and India. An online survey design was adopted using a Mental Health Legislation Attitudes Scale (MHLAS). This brief nine-item questionnaire was distributed via email to psychiatrists, general practitioners, acute and community mental-health nurses, tribunal members, police officers and family members in each collaborating country. The levels of agreement/disagreement were measured on a Likert scale. Data were analysed both per question and with regard to a total MHLAS ‘approval’ score computed as a sum of the nine questions. We found that respondents in England and Wales and Denmark expressed the highest approval for their national legislation (76% and 74%, respectively), with those in India and Ireland expressing the lowest approval (65% and 64%, respectively). Almost all countries had a more positive attitude in comparison to Ireland on the admission criteria for involuntary placement and the way people are transferred to psychiatric hospitals. There are significant variations across Europe and beyond in terms of approval for how the national mental-health law framework operates in each country

Mer personal -TACK! : En studie över åtgärder som hot och våldsutsatta vård- och omsorgsanställda anger i arbetsskadeanmälningar 1987, 1997 och 2007

Workplace violence is a complex occupational hazard that nurses are facing working in today's health care environment. Workplace safety is also undergoing a process of ‘responsibilization’. The purpose of this study is to examine the character of the incidents reported as occupational injuries due to violence and threats, over time and what safety measures that are recommended by the staff. The result suggest interventions measures concerning psychosocial factors and structural job aspects such as adequate staffing to be far more important than surveillance, staff training and penal sanctions

Workplace violence in victim surveys. : Same questions but different answers

An analysis based on a comparison of three Swedish victim surveys examines violence at work on the basis of the questions on exposure to threats and violence. The questions that are included are very similar in all three of surveys: Statistics Sweden’s surveys of The Swedish population’s living conditions (ULF), Swedish Work Environment Authority’s survey The Work environment and Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention’s survey The Swedish Crime Survey (NTU). However the prevalence’s are very different. How can this be explained?QC 20150504Postdoc grant (FORTE): Violence and Threat Risk Assessment in three government agencie

Diskriminering i samband med psykisk ohälsa : en kunskapsöversikt

QC 20170516Din rätt- ett samarbete mellan Sveriges kommuner och landsting, Diskrimineringsombudsmannen, Myndigheten för delaktighet, YPOS – Yrkesföreningen Personligt Ombud i Sverige, RFS – Riksförbundet Frivilliga Samhällsarbetare och Sveriges Antidiskrimineringsbyråe

Hot och våld i vård och omsorg - åtgärdsförslag i arbetsskadeanmälningar 1987, 1997 och 2007

Om en arbetstagare skadas, t.ex. på grund av hot och våld, ska arbetsgivaren göra en arbetsskadeanmälan. I anmälan kan förslag till åtgärder som kan förhindra att händelsen sker igen anges. I den här artikeln analyseras de åtgärder som vård- och omsorgspersonal förespråkar från åren 1987, 1997 och 2007.Workplace violence is a complex occupational hazard that nursing staff face in today’s health care environment. This study examines staff-recommended safety measures in the wake of violence and threat-related injuries in occupational injury reports. The results suggest that intervention measures concerning psychosocial factors and structural job aspects such as adequate staffing are far more important than surveillance, staff training and penal sanctions

Hårdare tag i arbetslivet? : Åtgärder mot arbetsrelaterat våld i facklig press 1978–2004

Preventing violence at work: A study of descriptions of safety measures in Swedish trade union journals 1978–2004 The purpose of this study is to examine if perceptions of interventions aimed at violence in the workplace have changed since the 1970s. In the beginning of the study period, structural factors are seen as the dominating explanation for workplace violence. The crime perspective rises in the 1990’s and methods of intervention becomes the control- and justice functions of larger society. The result shows search for accountability to be a salient factor for understanding the development towards an increasing use of penal sanctions.Sociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv</p

Våld i arbetslivet - utvecklingen de senaste 40 åren

Bakgrund: I flera av de skandinaviska ländernas offerundersökningar har exempelvis andelen somsvarat att de utsatts för arbetsplatsrelaterat våld ökat sedan 1990-talets början. Våld iarbetslivet har blivit en viktig fråga för arbetstagarnas intresseorganisationer och problemet tas oftare upp i media. Även forskningen på området har expanderat och ny lagstiftning har tillkommit. Problemet beskrivs ofta som tilltagande i olika europeiska undersökningar och kartläggningar. Mot bakgrund av att våld i arbetslivet framstår som ett samhällsproblem medallt större prioritet är det angeläget att fortsätta att studera dess utveckling som socialt problem.Syfte: Det övergripande syfte är att studera omfattning och utveckling av våld i arbetslivet, hur detuppmärksammats samt vilka åtgärder som föreslagits. Vad kan våld på jobbet kan vara, vilketvåld ökar och vad bör vi göra åt det?Metod: Jag går igenom vilka kunskapskällor som finns på området och gör en longitudinell analys av SCB’s ULF-undersökningar om hur utsattheten för våld utvecklats i olika yrkesgrupper de senaste 40 åren.Resultat: Sedan 1980-talets början har andelen i ULF-undersökningarna som uppger att de utsatts förvåld eller hot i arbetslivet ökat påtagligt, särskilt inom de kvinnodominerade välfärdsyrkena.Tendensen att våld i arbetslivet har gått från att ses som ett problem som ska lösas internt påarbetsplatsen som en arbetsmiljöfråga till att allt oftare ses som ett problem som ska lösasexternt av polis och rättsväsende är särskilt tydlig inom vissa branscher.  Preventing workplace violenc