37 research outputs found
Access to human, animal, and environmental journals is still limited for the One Health community
Seven-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in Healthy Children
The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies,
expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling
for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least .
With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000
people realized that vision as the James Webb Space Telescope. A
generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of
the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the
scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000
team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image
quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief
history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing
program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite
detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space
Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure
Conservation of Madagascarās granite outcrop orchids: the influence of fire and moisture
Quelle est la reĢponse aux perturbations, et la limitation de lāhumiditeĢ, par des taxons similaires baseĢs sur lāheĢteĢrogeĢneĢiteĢ des micro-site de lāhabitat? Pour cette eĢtude nous avons examineĢ comment la disponibiliteĢ de feu et de lāhumiditeĢ influence la reĢpartition des orchideĢes endeĢmiques malgaches speĢcifique des affleurements de granit (inselbergs). Trois ans apreĢs le passage du feu, nous avons compare les modes de distribution et lāabondance dāorchideĢes dans un habitat dāune mosaiĢque complexe de bruĢlures, en tenant compte de la densiteĢ par rapport aĢ lāintensiteĢ des deĢgaĢts dāincendie et de la disponibiliteĢ de lāhumiditeĢ. Les espeĢces du sous- tribu Angraecinae ont eĢteĢ sensibles au feu, mais toleĢrant aĢ une disponibiliteĢ limiteĢe de lāhumiditeĢ. orchideĢes Angraecinae avait un modeĢle uniforme de la distribution influenceĢe par la taille du tapis de veĢgeĢtation. Les espeĢces de la sous-tribu Habenariae eĢtaient toleĢrants de feu, mais limiteĢe aux pentes rocheuses humides par des eĢcoulements dāeau. Habenariae ont eĢteĢ randomizes regroupeĢs en masses compactes, influenceĢe par des facteurs non encore identifieĢs. Les reĢsultats suggeĢrent lāexistence de diffeĢrentes strateĢgies de survie des espeĢces. Il serait inexact de penser que les orchideĢes voisins sur un substrat de granite aurait la meĢme reĢponse aĢ des facteurs environnementaux ou de perturbation. orchideĢes Angraecoid sur les inselbergs sont exposeĢs aĢ des menaces speĢcifiques et doivent eĢtre consideĢreĢes comme des espeĢces indicatrices de la conservation est prioritaire aĢ lāavenir.Ā Is there a difference in response to disturbance, or resource limitation, by similar taxa based on micro-site habitat heterogeneity? For this study we examined how fire and moisture availability influences the distribution of terrestrial and lithophytic orchids specific to Madagascarās granite outcrops (inselbergs). We compared orchid density in an area with a complex mosaic of burned and non-burned vegetation patches (three years after the event). Lithophytic species (subtribe Angraecinae) were sensitive to fire, but tolerant of limited moisture availability, and had a uniform distribution pattern associated with vegetation mat size. In contrast, most terrestrial species (subtribe Habenariinae) were not impacted by fire, but were limited to slopes with high water seepage, and had a clumped distribution pattern. The results suggest varying ecological niches between orchid subtribes, and among species, occurring on shared substrate. Within the larger area, we also compared three inselbergs with different fire disturbance history. One site with potential for lightning based fires, but absence of anthropogenic fires, had the greatest diversity (subtribes, genera, and species) of orchids and the highest occurrence of species restricted to a single site. For land management purposes it is inappropriate to assume that inselberg specific orchids will have the same response to environmental stressors. Angraecinae orchids are especially at risk from human associated fire disturbance and should be regarded as indicators for future conservation efforts.
Access to human, animal, and environmental journals is still limited for the One Health community
Objective: āāOne Healthāā is an interdisciplinary approach to evaluating and managing the health and well-being of humans, animals, and the environments they share that relies on knowledge from the domains of human health, animal health, and the environmental sciences. The authorsā objective was to evaluate the extent of open access (OA) to journal articles in a sample of literature from these domains. We hypothesized that OA to articles in human health or environmental journals was greater than access to animal health literature.
Methods: A One Health seminar series provided fifteen topics. One librarian translated each topic into a search strategy and searched four databases for articles from 2011 to 2012. Two independent investigators assigned each article to human health, the environment, animal health, all, other, or combined categories. Article and journal-level OA were determined. Each journal was also assigned a subject category and its indexing evaluated.
Results: Searches retrieved 2,651 unique articles from 1,138 journals; 1,919 (72%) articles came from 406 journals that contributed more than 1 article. Seventy-seven (7%) journals dealt with all 3 One Health domains; the remaining journals represented human health 487 (43%), environment 172 (15%), animal health 141 (12%), and other/combined categories 261 (23%). The proportion of OA journals in animal health (40%) differed significantly from journals categorized as human (28%), environment (28%), and more than 1 category (29%). The proportion of OA for articles by subject categories ranged from 25%ā34%; only the difference between human (34%) and environment (25%) was significant.
Conclusions: OA to human health literature is more comparable to animal health than hypothesized. Environmental journals had less OA than anticipated
The Price and Possibilities of Going East? The European Union and Wider Europe, the European Neighbourhood and the Eastern Partnershipā
Natural Transformation of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Soil
Little information is available concerning the occurrence of natural transformation of bacteria in soil, the frequency of such events, and the actual role of this process on bacterial evolution. This is because few bacteria are known to possess the genes required to develop competence and because the tested bacteria are unable to reach this physiological state in situ. In this study we found that two soil bacteria, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas fluorescens, can undergo transformation in soil microcosms without any specific physical or chemical treatment. Moreover, P. fluorescens produced transformants in both sterile and nonsterile soil microcosms but failed to do so in the various in vitro conditions we tested. A. tumefaciens could be transformed in vitro and in sterile soil samples. These results indicate that the number of transformable bacteria could be higher than previously thought and that these bacteria could find the conditions necessary for uptake of extracellular DNA in soil
Corrosion of copper and steel alloys in a simulated underground storage-tank sump environment containing acid-producing bacteria
Sociotropic Concerns and Support for Counterterrorism Policies
An individual's personal experiences and perception of the collective experience are often linked to political attitudes, especially those concerning the national economy. In this article, we examine whether personal concern about terrorism and perceptions of public concern about terrorism affect attitudes about counterterrorism policies. In addition, we evaluate which factor is the strongest predictor across several counterterrorism policies. Copyright (c) 2007 Southwestern Social Science Association.