Feber hos barn - sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av sin rådgivning på barnavårdscentralen

Många föräldrar och en del sjukvårdspersonal har en obefogad rädsla för feber hos små barn och vad den kan leda till, trots att det är vanligt att små barn har feber. Cirka 1/3 av de svenska förskolebarnen besöker en läkare/sjuksköterska varje år på grund av feber och telefonrådgivning om feber är vanligt förekommande. Syftet med studien var att beskriva de erfarenheter som sjuksköterskan på BVC hade av sin rådgivning om feber. 12 intervjuer, där syftet ställdes som en öppen fråga, genomfördes. Data analyserades med latent innehållsanalys. I resultatanalysen framkom kategorierna: att stötta egenvårdsförmågan, att individanpassa råden till människor från andra kulturer och att skapa trygghet. Det framkom att sjuksköterskan strävade efter att ge föräldrarna den information och trygghet som de behövde för att kunna utföra egenvård, vilket kunde vara en utmaning bland annat på grund av kulturella skillnader, rädsla och kunskapsbrist

Harmful algal blooms and their effects in coastal seas of Northern Europe

Highlights • Fish mortalities due to harmful algae cause substantial economic and social costs for the fish farming industry in the northeastern Atlantic, North Sea and adjacent European waters • Toxin syndromes associated with Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins and Paralytic Shellfish Toxins and their regulation have the most profound effect on the bivalve aquaculture industry in the northeastern Atlantic region • Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins are mainly problems in brackish water areas, particularly in the Baltic Sea • Emerging threats to the shellfish and finfish industries include the known presence of the phycotoxins azaspiracids and goniodomins • The IOC-ICES-PICESHAEDAT contains time-series baseline information on harmful algal events in EuropeHarmful algal blooms (HAB) are recurrent phenomena in northern Europe along the coasts of the Baltic Sea, Kattegat-Skagerrak, eastern North Sea, Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea. These HABs have caused occasional massive losses for the aquaculture industry and have chronically affected socioeconomic interests in several ways. This status review gives an overview of historical HAB events and summarises reports to the Harmful Algae Event Database from 1986 to the end of year 2019 and observations made in long term monitoring programmes of potentially harmful phytoplankton and of phycotoxins in bivalve shellfish. Major HAB taxa causing fish mortalities in the region include blooms of the prymnesiophyte Chrysochromulina leadbeateri in northern Norway in 1991 and 2019, resulting in huge economic losses for fish farmers. A bloom of the prymesiophyte Prymnesium polylepis (syn. Chrysochromulina polylepis) in the Kattegat-Skagerrak in 1988 was ecosystem disruptive. Blooms of the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis spp. have caused accumulations of foam on beaches in the southwestern North Sea and Wadden Sea coasts and shellfish mortality has been linked to their occurrence. Mortality of shellfish linked to HAB events has been observed in estuarine waters associated with influx of water from the southern North Sea. The first bloom of the dictyochophyte genus Pseudochattonella was observed in 1998, and since then such blooms have been observed in high cell densities in spring causing fish mortalities some years. Dinoflagellates, primarily Dinophysis spp., intermittently yield concentrations of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DST) in blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, above regulatory limits along the coasts of Norway, Denmark and the Swedish west coast. On average, DST levels in shellfish have decreased along the Swedish and Norwegian Skagerrak coasts since approximately 2006, coinciding with a decrease in the cell abundance of D. acuta. Among dinoflagellates, Alexandrium species are the major source of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) in the region. PST concentrations above regulatory levels were rare in the Skagerrak-Kattegat during the three decadal review period, but frequent and often abundant findings of Alexandrium resting cysts in surface sediments indicate a high potential risk for blooms. PST levels often above regulatory limits along the west coast of Norway are associated with A. catenella (ribotype Group 1) as the main toxin producer. Other Alexandrium species, such as A. ostenfeldii and A. minutum, are capable of producing PST among some populations but are usually not associated with PSP events in the region. The cell abundance of A. pseudogonyaulax, a producer of the ichthyotoxin goniodomin (GD), has increased in the Skagerrak-Kattegat since 2010, and may constitute an emerging threat. The dinoflagellate Azadinium spp. have been unequivocally linked to the presence of azaspiracid toxins (AZT) responsible for Azaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning (AZP) in northern Europe. These toxins were detected in bivalve shellfish at concentrations above regulatory limits for the first time in Norway in blue mussels in 2005 and in Sweden in blue mussels and oysters (Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas) in 2018. Certain members of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the neurotoxin domoic acid and analogs known as Amnesic Shellfish Toxins (AST). Blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia were common in the North Sea and the Skagerrak-Kattegat, but levels of AST in bivalve shellfish were rarely above regulatory limits during the review period. Summer cyanobacteria blooms in the Baltic Sea are a concern mainly for tourism by causing massive fouling of bathing water and beaches. Some of the cyanobacteria produce toxins, e.g. Nodularia spumigena, producer of nodularin, which may be a human health problem and cause occasional dog mortalities. Coastal and shelf sea regions in northern Europe provide a key supply of seafood, socioeconomic well-being and ecosystem services. Increasing anthropogenic influence and climate change create environmental stressors causing shifts in the biogeography and intensity of HABs. Continued monitoring of HAB and phycotoxins and the operation of historical databases such as HAEDAT provide not only an ongoing status report but also provide a way to interpret causes and mechanisms of HABs

”Tillsammans förstod vi varandra” – om samarbetet i kursen i det andra inhemska språket mellan Vasa universitet och Åbo Akademi i Vasa

Under läsåret 2011–12 genomfördes ett språksamarbete mellan Språktjänsten vid Vasa universitet och Centret för språk och kommunikation vid Åbo Akademi i Vasa. Samarbetet ordnades inom ramen för kursen i det andra inhemska språket (5 sp) vid respektive universitet. Det omfattade tre närträffar och en gemensam nätbaserad skriftlig uppgift. Samarbetet genomfördes under en period på två veckor och sammanlagt 127 studenter med varierande studieinriktning deltog. Syftet var att skapa förutsättningar för aktiv språkanvändning och språktillägnande i en vidare kontext än den som traditionell klassrumsundervisning erbjuder. Målet var att ge studenterna möjlighet att använda det andra inhemska språket i autentiska situationer och att öva språket tillsammans med personer som talar språket som sitt modersmål.nonPeerReviewe