Nonlinear optical properties in a quantum well with the hyperbolic confinement potential

We have performed theoretical calculation of the nonlinear optical properties in a quantum well (QW) with the hyperbolic confinement potential. Calculation results reveal that the transition energy, oscillator strength, second-order nonlinear optical rectification (OR), geometric factor and nonlinear optical absorption (OA) are strongly affected by the parameters ($\alpha, \sigma$) of the hyperbolic confinement potential. And an increment of the parameter $\alpha$ reduces all these physical quantities, while an increment of the parameter $\sigma$ enhances them, but not for geometric factor. In addition, it is found that one can control the optical properties of QW by tuning these parameters.Comment: 16pages,6 figures,Accepted for publication in Physica

From a Spatial Structure Perspective : Spatial-Temporal Variation of Climate Redistribution of China Based on the Köppen–Geiger Classification

https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099319Shifting climate zones are widely used to diagnose and predict regional climate change. However, few attempts have been made to measure the spatial redistribution of these climate zones from a spatial structure perspective. We investigated changes in spatial structure of Köppen climate landscape in China between 1963 and 2098 with a landscape aggregation index. Our results reveal an apparent signal from fragmentation to aggregation, accompanied by the intensification of areal dispersion between cold and warm climate types. Our attribution analysis indicates that anthropogenic forcings have a larger influence on changes of spatial structure than natural variation. We also found that topographical heterogeneity is likely to contribute to the regional spatial fragmentation, especially in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, we also found that the spatial fragmentation will be weakened around the mid-2040s. We argue that biodiversity is likely to be mediated by spatial structure of future climate landscapes in China.Peer reviewe

Causes of Infection after Earthquake, China, 2008

To determine which organisms most commonly cause infection after natural disasters, we cultured specimens from injured earthquake survivors in Wenchuan, China, 2008. Of 123 cultures, 46 (59%) grew only 1 type of pathogenic bacteria. Smear was more effective than culture for early diagnosis of gas gangrene. Early diagnosis and treatment of wounds are crucial

Linking Corporate Social Responsibility with Reputation and Brand of the Firm

There are no agreements among scientists in terms of relationships between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Corporate Identity and Corporate Image (CI), Corporate Reputation (CR), and Corporate Brand (CB), and their mutual impacts as well the definition of these constructs cause a lot of scientific debates among scholars. The paper analyses the relationship between CSR, Corporate Image, Corporate Reputation and Corporate Brand and their outcomes linked to the financial and other benefits of the firm and society. The main studies that are dealing with this subject were analysed, and the theoretical model that is linking these constructs was developed. The proposed model can be used for carrying empirical studies in specific industries and branches of the economy in order to assess the main measures to increase Corporate Reputation and maximise its outcome

Hazard Footprint-Based Normalization of Economic Losses from Tropical Cyclones in China During 1983–2015

Abstract Loss normalization is the prerequisite for understanding the effects of socioeconomic development, vulnerability, and climate changes on the economic losses from tropical cyclones. In China, limited studies have been done on loss normalization methods of damages caused by tropical cyclones, and most of them have adopted an administrative division-based approach to define the exposure levels. In this study, a hazard footprint-based normalization method was proposed to improve the spatial resolution of affected areas and the associated exposures to influential tropical cyclones in China. The meteorological records of precipitation and near-surface wind speed were used to identify the hazard footprint of each influential tropical cyclone. Provincial-level and national-level (total) economic loss normalization (PLN and TLN) were carried out based on the respective hazard footprints, covering loss records between 1999–2015 and 1983–2015, respectively. Socioeconomic factors—inflation, population, and wealth (GDP per capita)—were used to normalize the losses. A significant increasing trend was found in inflation-adjusted losses during 1983–2015, while no significant trend was found after normalization with the TLN method. The proposed hazard footprint-based method contributes to a more realistic estimation of the population and wealth affected by the influential tropical cyclones for the original year and the present scenario

New Signal and Algorithms for 5G/6G High Precision Train Positioning in Tunnel with Leaky Coaxial Cable

High precision train positioning is a crucial component of intelligent transportation systems. Tunnels are commonly encountered in subways and mountainous regions. As part of the communication system infrastructure, Leaky CoaXial (LCX) Cable is widely equipped as antenna in tunnels with many advantages. LCX positioning holds great promise as a technology for rail applications in the upcoming B5G (beyond-5G) and 6G eras. This paper focuses on the LCX positioning methodology and proposes two novel algorithms along with a novel communication-positioning integration signal. Firstly, a novel algorithm called Multiple Slot Distinction (MSD) LCX positioning algorithm is proposed. The algorithm utilizes a generated pseudo spectrum to fully utilize the coupled signals radiated from different slots of LCX. This approach offers higher time resolution compared to traditional methods. To further improve the positioning accuracy to centimeter-level and increase the measuring frequency for fast trains, a novel communication-positioning integration signal is designed. It consists of traditional Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) and a significantly low power Fine Ranging Signal (FRS). FRS is configured to be continuous and superposed onto the cellular signal using Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) principle to minimize its interference to communication. A two-stage LCX positioning method is then executed: At the first stage, the closest slot between the receiver and LCX is estimated by the proposed MSD algorithm using PRS; At the second stage, centimeter-level positioning is achieved by tracking the carrier phase of the continuous FRS. This process is assisted by the closest slot estimation, which helps mitigate interference between neighboring slots and eliminate the integer ambiguities. Simulation results show our proposed LCX position methodology outperforms the existing ones and offer great potentials for future implementations

The coastal ocean response to the global warming acceleration and hiatus

本研究揭示了全球沿岸对目前全球气候变暖减缓背景下的不同的区域响应，有助于理解全球增暖减缓现象的潜在机理，并为近期发生在各个海岸地区的极端热和极端冷的事件提供了更好的理解，有助于灾害防治和生态保护的政策制定。【Astract】Coastlines are fundamental to humans for habitation, commerce, and natural resources. Many coastal ecosystem disasters, caused by extreme sea surface temperature (SST), were reported when the global climate shifted from global warming to global surface warming hiatus after 1998. The task of understanding the coastal SST variations within the global context is an urgent matter. Our study on the global coastal SST from 1982 to 2013 revealed a significant cooling trend in the low and mid latitudes (31.4% of the global coastlines) after 1998, while 17.9% of the global coastlines changed from a cooling trend to a warming trend concurrently. The trend reversals in the Northern Pacific and Atlantic coincided with the phase shift of Pacific Decadal Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation, respectively. These coastal SST changes are larger than the changes of the global mean and open ocean, resulting in a fast increase of extremely hot/cold days, and thus extremely hot/cold events. Meanwhile, a continuous increase of SST was detected for a considerable portion of coastlines (46.7%) with a strengthened warming along the coastlines in the high northern latitudes. This suggests the warming still continued and strengthened in some regions after 1998, but with a weaker pattern in the low and mid latitudes.该研究工作获得了中国国家自然基金委、福建省和美国NOAA-Sea Grant 的资助

‘ZhongPan 101’ and ‘ZhongPan 102’: Two Flat Peach Cultivars From China

Flat peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. platycarpa] is a variant of ordinary peach with a unique flat shape. It is well known for its shape and delicious fruits (Miao et al. 2022). Although flat peach has a long history of cultivation in China, until the beginning of the 20th century, flat peach was only distributed as a minor variety in the main peach-producing areas of China. In terms of flat peach cultivars, only 46 of the 709 peach cultivars listed in Peach Genetic Resource in China (Wang et al. 2012) are flat peach cultivars, and most of them are flat landraces. Several problems have been noted previously in flat peach cultivars, including poor closure of the blossom end (blossom-end scarring in mild cases and cracking in severe cases), cracked stone in some cultivars (loss of commercial value in severe cases), nonsymmetrical fruit shape, small flesh, and low yield (Wang 2021). Many of the shortcomings of flat peach cultivars are intrinsic problems of the cultivars, which are difficult to improve through cultivation measures. This is the key factor limiting the large-scale promotion of flat peach cultivation in China. For many years, peach breeders in China have been devoted to the genetic improvement of flat peach, and some improved flat peach cultivars have been released, for instance, ‘Pocket Zaoban’ (Jiang et al. 2007) and ‘124 Pantao’ (Ma et al. 2003). However, problems persist in these cultivars, including small fruits, soft flesh, and blossom-end cracks. Only a few flat peach cultivars have good overall performance. In recent years, the Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute (ZFRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), identified genetic sources of flat peach with slow or nonmelting flesh, a well-closed blossom end, and little or no cracking. They were hybridized with high-quality peach and nectarine cultivars or selections. After multiple generations of improvement, breakthroughs were made in early flat peach breeding, and a series of flat peach cultivars with excellent comprehensive traits have been produced. These cultivars are favored by fruit farmers in the main peach-producing areas in China. Hence, the main problems in flat peach cultivation are expected to be solved, which will help expand the cultivation area of flat peach. ‘ZhongPan 101’ and ‘ZhongPan 102’ are two yellow-flesh flat peach cultivars 45 released from the ZFRI, CAAS. These two cultivars produce large, well-shaped, high-quality fruits with a completely closed stylar end and high yield. Three years of evaluation has confirmed that the peach trees of the two cultivars are stable. ‘ZhongPan 101’ and ‘ZhongPan 102’ were well adapted to climate of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River; have performed well in Henan, Jiangsu, and Anhui Provinces; and are suggested for trial wherever ‘ZhongYouPan 9’ is grown

Metformin Uniquely Prevents Thrombosis by Inhibiting Platelet Activation and mtDNA Release

Thrombosis and its complications are the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes. Metformin, a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, is the only drug demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. However, whether metformin can effectively prevent thrombosis and its potential mechanism of action is unknown. Here we show, metformin prevents both venous and arterial thrombosis with no significant prolonged bleeding time by inhibiting platelet activation and extracellular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release. Specifically, metformin inhibits mitochondrial complex I and thereby protects mitochondrial function, reduces activated platelet-induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization, reactive oxygen species overload and associated membrane damage. In mitochondrial function assays designed to detect amounts of extracellular mtDNA, we found that metformin prevents mtDNA release. This study also demonstrated that mtDNA induces platelet activation through a DC-SIGN dependent pathway. Metformin exemplifies a promising new class of antiplatelet agents that are highly effective at inhibiting platelet activation by decreasing the release of free mtDNA, which induces platelet activation in a DC-SIGN-dependent manner. This study has established a novel therapeutic strategy and molecular target for thrombotic diseases, especially for thrombotic complications of diabetes mellitus