The Early Literary Criticism of Walter Benjamin

Paper by René Wellek of Yale University

Cochran-armitage test versus logistic regression in the analysis of genetic association studies

Objective: The Cochran-Armitage trend test based on the linear regression model has become a standard procedure for association testing in case-control studies. In contrast, the logistic regression model is generally used for estimating effect sizes. The aim of this paper is to propose an approach that allows for association testing and parameter estimation by means of the same statistic. Methods/Results: The trend test is recommendable as a test of no association between genotype and risk of disease. It is a two-sample test for differences between cases and controls with respect to the average number of risk alleles occurring in the genotype of an individual. We argue that this difference is not of primary interest in genetic association studies. It should be replaced with the disease odds ratio, which can be assessed under both cohort sampling and case-control sampling. Conclusion: The Cochran-Armitage trend test should be replaced by the Wald statistic from a logistic regression model for hypothesis testing and estimation in genetic association studies. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Base

Mass Transfer To Drops Moving Through Power Law Fluids In The Intermediate Reynolds Number Region

The mass transfer rate to fluid spheres is calculated for power law and Newtonian fluids by using the intermediate Reynolds number stream functions of Nakano and Tien (1970) and Yamaguchi et al. (1974), respectively. The Sh increases with increases in Re and Pe and decreases in n. Better results are obtained with Nakano and Tien\u27s functions when Re \u3e 10 and with Yamaguchi\u27s functions when Re \u3c 10. Copyright © 1976 American Institute of Chemical Engineer

Mass Transfer In Dispersed And Continous Phases For Creeping Flow Of Fluid Spheres Through Power Law Fluids

The diffusion equation was numerically solved by an implicit finite-difference method for the purpose of calculating the continuous phase Sherwood number, Sh, for mass transfer from an internally circulating Newtonian droplet traveling through a non-Newtonian power-law-type continuous phase in the creeping flow regime. The Mohan stream functions were used in the calculations in order to approximate the velocity profile inside and outside the droplet. The calculated Sh is presented as a function of the Peclet number, Pe, power-law index, n, and a viscosity ratio parameter, X. Sh increases as n decreases in the pseudoplastic region. The dependence of Sh on n is important when Pe is greater than 102, except when both X \u3e 1 and Pe \u3e 104. When used with the Mohan stream functions, the Baird and Hamielec short-range diffusion equation provides a close approximation for Sh when X \u3c 3, provided that Pe \u3e 104. The mass transfer model for the dispersed phase was also numerically solved in order to determine the effect of continuous phase pseudoplasticity, n. Although a slight increase in the total amount of mass transferred, Amt, with a decrease in n was determined, it is concluded that the power-law behavior in the continuous phase does not affect to any appreciable extent the internal mass transfer, either with or without chemical reaction in the fluid sphere. Amt increases with decreasing X, and this dependency is particularly important when mass transfer occurs with chemical reaction in the dispersed phase. © 1976, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved

Antimikrobielle Peptide in induziertem Sputum

Die COPD gilt bezüglich Klinik und Epidemiologie als die bedeutendste und gravierendste Langzeitkomplikation eines langjährigen Nikotinabusus. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob diese Entzündung bereits bei jungen, klinisch noch gesunden Rauchern zu finden ist. Hierzu wurden Nichtraucher als gesunde Kontrollen rekrutiert und mit einer Stichprobe von gesunden Rauchern bezüglich des Diffentialzellbildes, mehrerer Zytokine sowie des antimikrobiellen Peptids LL-37 vergliche