La bicicleta como medio de transporte hacia la Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Casona, Las Condes

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física para la Enseñanza Básica, Licenciado en Educación)Este estudio comienza observando la demanda de la bicicleta como medio de transporte hacia y desde la Universidad Andrés Bello Sede Casona Las Condes. Para ello se recopiló información de los registros del bicicletero, otorgados por el servicio de seguridad de dicho establecimiento. Información tal, fue propicia como herramienta para una visualización, análisis y reflexión sobre los porcentajes de la muestra de la población, donde se obtuvo importantes resultados según género y ocupación dentro de un tiempo espacio determinado. En el caso género se observa una clara diferencia entre usuarios femeninos (23.4%) y masculinos (76,6%) siendo estos últimos dominantes en las cifras. En el caso de las carreras Pedagogía en Educación Física encabeza la lista teniendo una amplia diferencia con las que le siguen. Estos datos se obtuvieron dentro de una muestra del 84 días hábiles de clases de este establecimiento durante el año 2018. Los cuales se ocuparon con el propósito de develar e informar a la comunidad el estado actual del transporte en bicicleta, y la importancia de los efectos que este puede tener en beneficio de una comunidad mas activa, sana y saludable

Judd and the Jury: How the Utah Supreme Court Dealt a Blow to the Constitutional Right to a Jury Trial by Allowing a Cap on Pain and Suffering Damages

The Judd court identified two analytically simple and reasonable schools of thought with respect to the right to a trial by jury. In choosing one, it failed to adequately analyze the history behind Utah\u27s right to a jury trial. The debates among delegates at the state. constitutional convention clearly indicate that the right to a jury trial was to be left alone aside from a permissible tinkering with the number ofjurors. Instead of looking to the convention or relying on the plethora of cases that state that damages are within the constitutional dominion of the jury, the Judd majority followed an opinion based on dissimilar constitutional language and sleight-of-hand reasoning. If Utah\u27s constitution is to be more than shadows, article I, section 10 must protect a jury\u27s findings of fact. It is suspect reasoning to argue that the jury need only assess a party\u27s damages for the jury to perform its function. Of what use is this assessment if it is to be subsequently curtailed

Preoperative Plasma Club (Clara) Cell Secretory Protein Levels Are Associated With Primary Graft Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation

Inherent recipient factors, including pretransplant diagnosis, obesity and elevated pulmonary pressures, are established primary graft dysfunction (PGD) risks. We evaluated the relationship between preoperative lung injury biomarkers and PGD to gain further mechanistic insight in recipients. We performed a prospective cohort study of recipients in the Lung Transplant Outcomes Group enrolled between 2002 and 2010. Our primary outcome was Grade 3 PGD on Day 2 or 3. We measured preoperative plasma levels of five biomarkers (CC‐16, sRAGE, ICAM‐1, IL‐8 and Protein C) that were previously associated with PGD when measured at the postoperative time point. We used multivariable logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders. Of 714 subjects, 130 (18%) developed PGD. Median CC‐16 levels were elevated in subjects with PGD (10.1 vs. 6.0, p < 0.001). CC‐16 was associated with PGD in nonidiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (non‐IPF) subjects (OR for highest quartile of CC‐16: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.37, 6.00, p = 0.005) but not in subjects with IPF (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 0.43, 4.45, p = 0.59). After adjustment, preoperative CC‐16 levels remained associated with PGD (OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.26, 7.30, p = 0.013) in non‐IPF subjects. Our study suggests the importance of preexisting airway epithelial injury in PGD. Markers of airway epithelial injury may be helpful in pretransplant risk stratification in specific recipients. The authors demonstrate a relationship between perioperative CC‐16 blood levels and an increased risk of primary lung allograft dysfunction, particularly in those without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as a pretransplant diagnosis.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102697/1/ajt12541.pd

SINGLE TREE DELINEATION USING AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA

In this paper, single tree extraction was carried out using the first and last pulse airborne LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) data. The LIDAR data was collected from TopoSys in May 2007 in the Milicz forest district, Poland, with a density of 7 points m-2. The total study area contains 25 circular plots of different radius according to the age of the trees. The absolute height of each point was obtained by normalizing the LIDAR raw data points using a digital terrain model (DTM) of the area. The value of σ used while smoothing was found higher for the deciduous tree dominating plots as compared to the coniferous plots. A modified k-means clustering algorithm was applied to extract the clusters of single tree above 4m height in each plot from the normalized LIDAR point clouds. 3-D convex polytope reconstruction from the extracted clusters of each tree was carried out using QHull algorithm. The validated result shows that an average of nearly 86% of the matured deciduous and 93% of the matured coniferous trees were extracted by the presented approach. Almost equal average accuracies were obtained in the case of young deciduous and coniferous tree species (58%). It seems that the algorithm did not work well with relatively younger tree types even after varying the parameters at pre-processing steps. The study showed that the adjustment of certain parameters like threshold distance, smoothing factor and scaling factor for the height before initialising the main process, has a substantial impact on the number and shape of the trees to be extracted more appropriately by applying the modified k-means procedure. There is a future scope of improving and testing the algorithm with different density of LIDAR data in different forest conditions

Quantitative Evidence for Revising the Definition of Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplant

RATIONALE: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a form of acute lung injury that occurs after lung transplantation. The definition of PGD was standardized in 2005. Since that time, clinical practice has evolved, and this definition is increasingly used as a primary endpoint for clinical trials; therefore, validation is warranted. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether refinements to the 2005 consensus definition could further improve construct validity. METHODS: Data from the Lung Transplant Outcomes Group multicenter cohort were used to compare variations on the PGD definition, including alternate oxygenation thresholds, inclusion of additional severity groups, and effects of procedure type and mechanical ventilation. Convergent and divergent validity were compared for mortality prediction and concurrent lung injury biomarker discrimination. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 1,179 subjects from 10 centers were enrolled from 2007 to 2012. Median length of follow-up was 4 years (interquartile range = 2.4-5.9). No mortality differences were noted between no PGD (grade 0) and mild PGD (grade 1). Significantly better mortality discrimination was evident for all definitions using later time points (48, 72, or 48-72 hours; P < 0.001). Biomarker divergent discrimination was superior when collapsing grades 0 and 1. Additional severity grades, use of mechanical ventilation, and transplant procedure type had minimal or no effect on mortality or biomarker discrimination. CONCLUSIONS: The PGD consensus definition can be simplified by combining lower PGD grades. Construct validity of grading was present regardless of transplant procedure type or use of mechanical ventilation. Additional severity categories had minimal impact on mortality or biomarker discrimination

On Iterative Pre‐Compensation of 3D Laser‐Printed Micro‐Optical Components Using Confocal‐Optical Microscopy

State-of-the-art 3D two-photon laser printing systems already use pre-compensation algorithms to reduce systematic deviations between the printed and the targeted structures. Nevertheless, the remaining deviations are often still larger than the uncontrollable or “statistical” deviations. In principle, it is straightforward to correct for systematic deviations by measuring the difference between printed structure and target and by subtracting the difference from the first target to obtain the next-iteration target. However, in reality, one faces several issues such as noise and systematic errors of the characterization measurement itself, as well as unwanted translations and rotations between the coordinate systems of the characterization setup and the printer, respectively. Two examples of printed structures requiring sub-micrometer accuracy are considered, a large 1D micro-lens array and a specific diffractive optical element. For both, the device performance before the pre-compensation workflow described herein is insufficient for the targeted application and has become sufficient after this workflow. The workflow involving optimizations using cross-correlations with confocal-optical-microscopy data is documented by an open-access program (available via GitLab). This program includes an easy-to-use graphical user interface so that other researchers can immediately profit from it

Recombinants proteins for industrial uses: utilization of Pichia pastoris expression system

The innovation in industrial process with impact in the efficient production is the major challenge for actual industry. A high numerous of enzymes are utilized in at different level of process; the search for new alternatives with better characteristic has become a field of study of great interest, the recombinant protein achievement in a different host system is an alternative widely assessed for production of this. The microorganism Pichia pastoris has been used like a successful expression system in diverse areas, improved the yield and extraction-recovery of the product expressed. The reported of diverse authors in the production of enzymes with different application in industry is varied, in this review the different industry areas and the characteristic of the enzymes produced are detailed

Soluble P-Selectin and the Risk of Primary Graft Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation

Background - Platelet activation with subsequent neutrophilic adherence to the vasculature initiates ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that higher plasma P-selectin levels reflecting platelet activation would therefore be associated with primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation. Methods - In a prospective, multicenter cohort study of 376 patients who had undergone lung transplantation between 2002 and 2007, we measured soluble P-selectin levels before lung transplantation and at 6 and 24 h after lung reperfusion in 20 patients with grade III PGD (Pao2/fraction of inspired oxygen, < 200 mm Hg [with alveolar infiltrates seen on chest radiographs]) at 72 h after transplantation and 61 control subjects without PGD. Results - Higher postoperative soluble P-selectin levels were associated with an increased risk of PGD at 72 h after transplantation (odds ratio [OR] per 1 natural log increase in soluble P-selectin at 6 h after lung allograft reperfusion, 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 11.8; p = 0.048) and at 24 h after lung allograft reperfusion (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 16.1; p = 0.01). Higher preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass were also associated with an increased risk of PGD. Conclusion - Higher postoperative soluble P-selectin levels were associated with an increased risk of PGD at 72 h following lung transplantation

Plasma Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and von Willebrand Factor in Primary Graft Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75029/1/j.1600-6143.2007.01981.x.pd