Vom personalen zum institutionellen Netzwerk : Strategiebildung und erfolgskritische Faktoren für SeniorInnen-Netzwerke

Das Jahr 2030 und die mit ihm einhergehenden soziostrukturellen und demographischen Wandlungsprozesse sind der Rhöner Regionalinitiative für die SeniorInnen von morgen nicht fern. Unter der Leitfrage „Wie werden wir im Jahr 2030 als ältere Menschen in der Rhön leben“ sucht die SeniorInneninitiative nach neuen Strukturen für ein altersangemessenes Leben im ländlichen Raum. Hier ist in der Rhön ein Forum entstanden mit dem Ziel eines tragfähigen und zukunftsweisenden Netzwerks für neue und altersgerechte Lebensformen. Modellhafte Lebenspraxen für eine hohe Lebensqualität im Alter sollen hier erprobt und institutionalisiert werden

A new audacity of imagination. Envisioning sustainable inclusion - transforming toward new patterns - practicing heterotopic organizing

Starting from the re-imagination of sustainable futures, the paper asks how we can transform collaboration practices into new and inclusive patterns to shape the future. This paper focuses on discourse agents who have reimagined how to live together, conduct business, and shape politics in societies from an organizational-education and discourse-analytical perspectives. Their ideas and rationalities can be traced back to the educational philosopher John Dewey. Today, social movement organizations such as the German-speaking economic democratic network Economic Change (Netzwerk Oekonomischer Wandel (NOW) seek new ways to achieve the “great transformation.” By designing, testing, and disseminating alternative future patterns of social coexistence, the network must learn how to make different positions and strategies productive. Using the pattern language of commoning, it employs a set of tools that can help to anchor new practices of “heterotopic organizing” in everyday life. (DIPF/Orig.)Ausgehend vom Neu-Imaginieren nachhaltiger Zukünfte fragt der Beitrag danach, wie wir unsere Praxis der Zusammenarbeit zu neuen und inklusiven Mustern der Zukunftsgestaltung transformieren können. Aus organisationspädagogisch-diskursanalytischer Perspektive finden wir Diskursakteure, die das Zusammenleben, das Wirtschaften und das politische Gestalten in unseren Gesellschaften neu denken schon bei dem Bildungsphilosophen Dewey. Heute sind es Soziale Bewegungs-(organisationen) wie das wirtschaftsdemokratische Netzwerk Ökonomischer Wandel (NOW), das nach neuen Wegen hin zur ‚großen Transformation‘ sucht. Indem es alternative Zukunftsmuster des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens entwirft, erprobt und verbreitet, muss es zugleich lernen, differente Positionen und Strategien produktiv zu machen. Mit der Mustersprache des Commoning nutzt das Netzwerk ein Instrumentarium, das dabei helfen kann, neue Praktiken ‚heterotopischen Organisierens‘ im Alltag zu verankern. (DIPF/Orig.

Trajektorien im akademischen Feld. Organisationspädagogische Analysen des Lernens im Prozess des Promovierens

Anhand von biographischen Interviews mit Promovierenden beschäftigen sich Julia Elven, Jörg Schwarz und Susanne Maria Weber mit „Trajektorien im akademischen Feld“. In organisationspädagogischer Perspektive arbeiten sie nicht nur die Lernprozesse während des Promovierens heraus, sondern verweisen auf das Lernen der Organisation Universität durch die Arbeiten der Promovierenden. Die Autorinnen und der Autor kommen zu dem Schluss, dass das gesamt-organisationale Interesse an den Lernprozessen der Promovierenden zunächst ein eingeschränktes sei. (DIPF/Orig.)This article examines learning in the doctoral phase from the perspective of organizational education. It draws on results from the research project “Trajectories in the Academic Field”, which used a multi-method and multi-perspective qualitative research design to investigate how fitting relations between habitual orientation patterns of emerging researchers and organizational structures of the academic field emerge. The results demonstrate the importance of gaining autonomy for the course of academic careers. But while the concept of autonomy remains blurred in public discourse, the results enable an empirical differentiation into four types of academic autonomy that can be brought together with four types of organizational practices. This enables a complex analysis of the production of fitting relations as a challenge in the doctoral phase. From this perspective, however, it is also important to ask what the organizations gain by promoting emerging researchers: While academic organizations acquire a wide range of specialized knowledge through their doctoral researchers, they paradoxically don’t preserve and use this for themselves. We argue, that this is rather an effect of the academic field, and that this could fundamentally change with the university becoming an organization, hence contributing to a substantial change in the career paths for emerging researchers that has long been demanded from other sides. (DIPF/Orig.

Zukunfts-Wissen im Diskurs: Eine Didaktik Wissenschaftlicher Weiterbildung für organisationspädagogische Professionalisierung

Wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung ermöglicht die systematische Verknüpfung von Praxis mit Hochschule und bietet zukunftsgestaltende Impulse für Organisationsentwicklung und regionale Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien. Eine diskurs- und zukunftsorientierte Didaktik knüpft makrodidaktisch an Diskursorientierung, Reflexivierung, Zukunfts- und Gestaltungsorientierung an. Mesodidaktisch werden vernetzte Innovationslabore zwischen Hochschule und Region zu geeigneten Organisations- und Wissensformen kollektiver Gestaltungsfähigkeit. Mikrodidaktische Lehr- und Lernarrangements verweisen auf Übergangsfähigkeit, Habitusreflexivität, das Entwerfen sozialer Innovationen und die Entwicklung von Zukunftsstrategien

Organisation, Sozialisation und Passungsverhältnisse im wissenschaftlichen Feld: Potenziale qualitativer Mehrebenenanalysen für die rekonstruktive Laufbahnforschung

Karrieren im wissenschaftlichen Feld lassen sich praxistheoretisch als Trajektorien begreifen und empirisch mittels mehrebenenanalytischer Zugänge erforschen, wobei die Rekonstruktion der alltagspraktischen Produktion spezifischer Passungsverhältnisse in den Fokus rückt. Ausgehend von einer Auseinandersetzung mit verschiedenen Ansätzen der qualitativen Mehrebenenanalyse wird dieser Zugang anhand des Forschungsprojekts "Trajektorien im akademischen Feld" vorgestellt und seine Potenziale auf Basis exemplarischer Ergebnisse diskutiert. Dabei lässt sich zeigen, wie wissenschaftliche Laufbahnen auf die Herstellung von Passungsverhältnissen zwischen Wissenschaftsorganisationen, Arbeitsbereichskulturen und Wissenschaftler*innen verwiesen sind und dass dieser Hervorbringungszusammenhang seinerseits in einen gesellschaftlichen Diskurs- und Praxisraum eingebettet ist.Scientific careers can be theorized as trajectories and then are to be empirically analyzed as processes of fitting between institutional structures of the academic field and the habitus of young researchers. For this purpose, multi-level analysis approaches offer a methodological and methodical framework. The article discusses different approaches of a qualitative multilevel analysis and presents empirical findings of the research project "Trajectories in the academic field". It can be shown how young researchers’ careers relate to processes of fitting between academic organizations, workgroup cultures and academics and that this relational space of career-production is itself embedded in a societal space of discourse and practice

Chitinase-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Nonallergic Asthma.

INTRODUCTION Environmental exposure to mites and fungi has been proposed to critically contribute to the development of IgE-mediated asthma. A common denominator of such organisms is chitin. Human chitinases have been reported to be upregulated by interleukin-13 secreted in the context of Th2-type immune responses and to induce asthma. We assessed whether chitin-containing components induced chitinases in an innate immune-dependent way and whether this results in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monocyte/macrophage cell lines were stimulated with chitin-containing or bacterial components in vitro. Chitinase activity in the supernatant and the expression of the chitotriosidase gene were measured by enzyme assay and quantitative PCR, respectively. Non-sensitized mice were stimulated with chitin-containing components intranasally, and a chitinase inhibitor was administered intraperitoneally. As markers for inflammation leukocytes were counted in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and airway hyperresponsiveness was assessed via methacholine challenge. RESULTS We found both whole chitin-containing dust mites as well as the fungal cell wall component zymosan A but not endotoxin-induced chitinase activity and chitotriosidase gene expression in vitro. The intranasal application of zymosan A into mice led to the induction of chitinase activity in the BAL fluid and to bronchial hyperresponsiveness, which could be reduced by applying the chitinase inhibitor allosamidin. DISCUSSION We propose that environmental exposure to mites and fungi leads to the induction of chitinase, which in turn favors the development of bronchial hyperreactivity in an IgE-independent manner

Risk factors in critical illness myopathy during the early course of critical illness: a prospective observational study

INTRODUCTION: Non-excitable muscle membrane indicates critical illness myopathy (CIM) during early critical illness. We investigated predisposing risk factors for non-excitable muscle membrane at onset of critical illness. METHODS: We performed sequential measurements of muscle membrane excitability after direct muscle stimulation (dmCMAP) in 40 intensive care unit (ICU) patients selected upon a simplified acute physiology (SAPS-II) score >OR= 20 on 3 successive days within 1 week after ICU admission. We then investigated predisposing risk factors, including the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-system, inflammatory, metabolic and hemodynamic parameters, as well as suspected medical treatment prior to first occurrence of abnormal dmCMAP. Nonparametric analysis of two-factorial longitudinal data and multivariate analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 22 patients showed abnormal muscle membrane excitability during direct muscle stimulation within 7 (5 to 9.25) days after ICU admission. Significant risk factors for the development of impaired muscle membrane excitability in univariate analysis included inflammation, disease severity, catecholamine and sedation requirements, as well as IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-I), but did not include either adjunctive hydrocortisone treatment in septic shock, nor administration of neuromuscular blocking agents or aminoglycosides. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, interleukin-6 remained the significant risk factor for the development of impaired muscle membrane excitability (HR 1.006, 95%-CI (1.002 to 1.011), P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Systemic inflammation during early critical illness was found to be the main risk factor for development of CIM during early critical illness. Inflammation-induced impairment of growth-factor mediated insulin sensitivity may be involved in the development of CIM

TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 abundance in liver diseases of mice and men

TGF-β1 is a major player in chronic liver diseases promoting fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis through various mechanisms. The expression and function of TGF-β2 have not been investigated thoroughly in liver disease to date. In this paper, we provide evidence that TGF-β2 expression correlates with fibrogenesis and liver cancer development. Using quantitative realtime PCR and ELISA, we show that TGF-β2 mRNA expression and secretion increased in murine HSCs and hepatocytes over time in culture and were found in the human-derived HSC cell line LX-2. TGF-β2 stimulation of the LX-2 cells led to upregulation of the TGF-β receptors 1, 2, and 3, whereas TGF-β1 treatment did not alter or decrease their expression. In liver regeneration and fibrosis upon CCl4 challenge, the transient increase of TGF-β2 expression was accompanied by TGF-β1 and collagen expression. In bile duct ligation-induced fibrosis, TGF-β2 upregulation correlated with fibrotic markers and was more prominent than TGF-β1 expression. Accordingly, MDR2-KO mice showed significant TGF-β2 upregulation within 3 to 15 months but minor TGF-β1 expression changes. In 5 of 8 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)/hepatoblastoma cell lines, relatively high TGF-β2 expression and secretion were observed, with some cell lines even secreting more TGF-β2 than TGF-β1. TGF-β2 was also upregulated in tumors of TGFα/cMyc and DEN-treated mice. The analysis of publically available microarray data of 13 human HCC collectives revealed considerable upregulation of TGF-β2 as compared to normal liver. Our study demonstrates upregulation of TGF-β2 in liver disease and suggests TGF-β2 as a promising therapeutic target for tackling fibrosis and HCC

Leptomeningeal collaterals regulate reperfusion in ischemic stroke

Recanalization is the mainstay of ischemic stroke treatment. However, even with timely clot removal, many stroke patients recover poorly. Leptomeningeal collaterals (LMCs) are pial anastomotic vessels with yet unknown functions. Utilizing a thrombin-based mouse model of stroke and the gold standard fibrinolytic treatment rt-PA, we here show that LMCs play a critical role in preserving vascular function in ischemic territories. We applied laser speckle contrast imaging, ultrafast ultrasound, and two-photon microscopy, to show that after thrombolysis, LMCs allow for gradual reperfusion resulting in small infarcts. On the contrary, in mice with poor LMCs, distal segments of recanalized arteries collapse and deleterious hyperemia causes hemorrhage and mortality. Accordingly, in stroke patients with poor collaterals undergoing thrombectomy, rapid reperfusion resulted in hemorrhagic transformation and unfavorable recovery. Thus, we identify LMCs as key components regulating reperfusion after stroke. Future therapeutic interventions should aim to enhance collateral function, allowing for gradual reperfusion of ischemic tissues after stroke